Chapter 10 of 14
⬅️ Ch 9: Equal Groups Ch 11: Fun with Symmetry ➡️
NCERT Class 4 Mathematics • New NEP 2020 / NCF 2023

Chapter 10: Elephants, Tigers, and Leopards

Wildlife Census Data, Addition & Subtraction with Regrouping & Comparison | CBSE Session 2026–27

Core Pedagogical Competencies & Concepts
  • Real-world data handling from wildlife census across Indian National Parks.
  • Multi-digit addition and subtraction involving regrouping (carrying and borrowing) across thousands.
  • Estimating sums and differences to the nearest ten and nearest hundred.
  • Developing environmental appreciation through numerical analysis.
Wildlife Sanctuary Census Comparison 1,245 Elephants 680 Leopards 315 Tigers Total Animals Counted = 1,245 + 680 + 315 = 2,240

All Textbook Exercises & In-Text Tasks (15 Questions)

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Q1 Multi-Digit Addition & Subtraction
In Corbett National Park, the wildlife census recorded 1,245 elephants, 680 leopards, and 315 tigers. (a) What is the total population of these three animals? (b) How many more elephants are there than tigers and leopards combined?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
(a) Total Population:
   1,245
+   680
+   315
-------
2,240 total animals.

(b) Comparison with combined tigers and leopards:
• Tigers + Leopards = 315 + 680 = 995 animals.
• Difference from elephants = 1,245 - 995 = 250.
• There are 250 more elephants than tigers and leopards combined.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct addition of 2,240 with regrouping 1.5 M
Correct subtraction giving 250 difference 1.5 M
Q2 Long Division • Quotient and Remainder
Divide 487 by 6. Show the dividend, divisor, quotient, and remainder. Verify your answer using the division verification formula.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-Step Long Division:
487 ÷ 6
• 48 ÷ 6 = 8 (6 × 8 = 48), remainder 0.
• Bring down 7.
• 7 ÷ 6 = 1 (6 × 1 = 6), remainder 1.

Components:
• Dividend: 487
• Divisor: 6
• Quotient: 81
• Remainder: 1

Verification Formula:
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
= (6 × 81) + 1 = 486 + 1 = 487 (Verified).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct division step yielding Q = 81, R = 1 1.5 M
Identification of components and successful verification 1.5 M
Q3 Real-Life Division • Safari Jeeps
A national park has 125 tourists waiting for a tiger safari. Each safari jeep can seat a maximum of 6 tourists. (a) How many jeeps will be completely full? (b) How many total jeeps are needed so that no tourist is left behind?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-Step Word Problem:
Total tourists = 125, Capacity per jeep = 6

1. Division:
125 ÷ 6 = 20 with a remainder of 5.

2. Answers:
• (a) Completely Full Jeeps: Exactly 20 jeeps will be completely full (20 × 6 = 120 tourists).
• (b) Total Jeeps Needed: The remaining 5 tourists also need to go on the safari. Therefore, 1 additional jeep is required.
Total jeeps needed = 20 + 1 = 21 jeeps.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Division 125 ÷ 6 = 20 R 5 1.5 M
Interpreting remainder: 20 full jeeps and 21 total jeeps needed 1.5 M
Q4 Mental Arithmetic • Equal Sharing
7 children share 91 marbles equally among themselves. How many marbles does each child get?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Division:
91 ÷ 7
• 70 ÷ 7 = 10
• 21 ÷ 7 = 3
• 10 + 3 = 13

Each child gets exactly 13 marbles.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct division yielding 13 marbles 2.0 M
Q5 Textbook Exercise • Real-World Context
In Chapter 10 ('Elephants, Tigers, and Leopards'), a classroom project investigates real-world mathematics: If a school bus travels 48 kilometres on 4 litres of diesel, what is the mileage (kilometres per litre) of the bus? How much diesel is needed for a 120-kilometre journey?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Mileage calculation:
• Distance = 48 km, Diesel used = 4 L.
• Mileage = 48 ÷ 4 = 12 km per litre.
2. Diesel for 120 km:
• Required diesel = Total distance ÷ Mileage = 120 ÷ 12 = 10 litres.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mileage = 12 km/L 1.5 M
Diesel needed = 10 L 1.5 M
Q6 Practice Time • Measurement & Conversions
Convert the following measurements into standard units:
(a) 4 metres 65 centimetres into centimetres.
(b) 3500 millilitres into litres and millilitres.
(c) 2 kilograms 750 grams into grams.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Conversions:
• (a) 1 m = 100 cm → (4 × 100) + 65 = 465 cm.
• (b) 1000 mL = 1 L → 3500 mL = 3 L 500 mL.
• (c) 1 kg = 1000 g → (2 × 1000) + 750 = 2750 g.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
465 cm 1 M
3 L 500 mL 1 M
2750 g 1 M
Q7 Try These • Geometry and Shapes
Look at a solid brick:
(a) How many faces does a brick have?
(b) What is the shape of each face?
(c) How many straight edges and how many corners (vertices) does a brick have?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Properties of a Brick (Cuboid):
• (a) Faces: A brick has 6 flat faces.
• (b) Shape of faces: Each face is a rectangle.
• (c) Edges and Corners: It has 12 straight edges and 8 corners (vertices).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6 faces 1 M
Rectangular faces 1 M
12 edges and 8 corners 1 M
Q8 Money & Accounts • Rate List Calculation
At a recycling shop, the rate list shows: Waste paper = ₹12 per kg, Plastic = ₹18 per kg, Iron = ₹25 per kg.
Ramesh sells 10 kg of waste paper, 5 kg of plastic, and 4 kg of iron.
(a) Find the cost of each item sold.
(b) What is the total money Ramesh earns?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Calculations:
• Waste paper: 10 × ₹12 = ₹120.
• Plastic: 5 × ₹18 = ₹90.
• Iron: 4 × ₹25 = ₹100.
• Total Earnings: ₹120 + ₹90 + ₹100 = ₹310.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Individual costs (₹120, ₹90, ₹100) 1.5 M
Total = ₹310 1.5 M
Q9 Fractions Exploration • Parts of a Whole
A rectangular chocolate bar has 16 equal pieces. Reena gives 1/4 of the chocolate to her brother and 1/2 of it to her friend.
(a) How many pieces does her brother receive?
(b) How many pieces does her friend receive?
(c) How many pieces are left for Reena?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Fractional Breakdown:
• Total pieces = 16.
• Brother's share (1/4): 16 ÷ 4 = 4 pieces.
• Friend's share (1/2): 16 ÷ 2 = 8 pieces.
• Remaining for Reena: 16 - (4 + 8) = 16 - 12 = 4 pieces (which is 1/4 of the bar).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Brother = 4 pieces 1 M
Friend = 8 pieces 1 M
Reena = 4 pieces 1 M
Q10 Time & Clocks • Elapsed Time
A school cricket match began at 9:30 AM and concluded at 1:15 PM.
(a) Convert 1:15 PM into 24-hour railway clock time.
(b) How long did the cricket match last?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Time Calculations:
• (a) 24-hour time: 1:15 PM = 12:00 + 1:15 = 13:15 hours.
• (b) Duration:
• From 9:30 AM to 12:30 PM = 3 hours.
• From 12:30 PM to 1:15 PM = 45 minutes.
• Total duration = 3 hours and 45 minutes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
13:15 hours in 24-hr clock 1 M
Duration = 3 hours 45 minutes with steps 2 M
Q11 Perimeter & Area • Fencing a Field
A square vegetable garden has a side length of 15 metres.
(a) What is the total length of wire fence needed to go around the garden once?
(b) If fencing costs ₹20 per metre, find the total cost of fencing.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Perimeter & Cost:
• (a) Perimeter of square: 4 × Side = 4 × 15 m = 60 metres.
• (b) Total Cost: Perimeter × Rate = 60 m × ₹20/m = ₹1,200.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Perimeter = 60 m 1.5 M
Cost = ₹1,200 1.5 M
Q12 Mental Math • Division and Multiplication
Solve mentally using number breakdown:
(a) 72 ÷ 6 = ?
(b) 15 × 8 = ?
(c) 25 × 40 = ?
(d) 96 ÷ 8 = ?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Solutions:
• (a) 72 ÷ 6 = (60 ÷ 6) + (12 ÷ 6) = 10 + 2 = 12.
• (b) 15 × 8 = (10 × 8) + (5 × 8) = 80 + 40 = 120.
• (c) 25 × 40 = (25 × 4) × 10 = 100 × 10 = 1000.
• (d) 96 ÷ 8 = (80 ÷ 8) + (16 ÷ 8) = 10 + 2 = 12.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 mental math facts correct 2 M
Q13 Patterns & Symmetries • Rotational Turns
Look at the letter 'H' and the letter 'N':
(a) What does each look like after a half-turn (180° rotation)?
(b) What does each look like after a quarter-turn (90° rotation)?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Rotational Symmetry:
• (a) Half-turn (180°): Both 'H' and 'N' look exactly the same after a half-turn.
• (b) Quarter-turn (90°): 'H' rotates to look like 'I' with sleeping bars, and 'N' rotates to look like 'Z'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Half-turn explanation (same) 1 M
Quarter-turn explanation 1 M
Q14 Smart Charts • Data Interpretation
In a Class 4 survey of 40 children, 20 like Cricket, 10 like Football, and 10 like Badminton.
(a) What fraction of children like Cricket?
(b) Draw a simple circular pie chart (Chapati Chart) representing this data.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Data & Chapati Chart:
• (a) Fraction: 20 out of 40 = 20/40 = 1/2 (half of the class).
• (b) Chapati Chart: A circle divided in half represents Cricket (1/2). The other half is split equally into two quarters (1/4 for Football and 1/4 for Badminton).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Fraction = 1/2 for cricket 1.5 M
Pie chart sectors explained (1/2, 1/4, 1/4) 1.5 M
Q15 Chapter Review • True or False
State True or False:
(a) A circle has no corners and no straight edges.
(b) 1 litre is equal to 100 millilitres.
(c) The perimeter of any rectangle is 2 × (Length + Breadth).
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Answers:
• (a) True: A circle is a smooth curve with 0 corners.
• (b) False: 1 Litre is equal to 1000 millilitres.
• (c) True: Perimeter = 2 × (L + B).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
True, False, True with explanations 3 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study

Wildlife Habitat Expansion Project

The state sanctuary recorded 2,870 deer in 2024. In 2026, 420 fawns were born, while 185 deer were relocated to another forest.

Analytical Task: Calculate the current deer population in the sanctuary.
Evaluation & Model Answer:
Current Population:
2,870 + 420 - 185 = 3,290 - 185 = 3,105 deer.
Rubric: 1 Mark for addition (3,290); 1 Mark for subtraction (3,105).
⬅️ Ch 9: Equal Groups Ch 11: Fun with Symmetry ➡️