NCERT Class 5 Mathematics • Classic CBSE Track

Chapter 1: The Fish Tale

Q: In India, there are about two lakh boats in our country, and half of them are without a motor. (a) Write two lakh in numerals. (b) What is the number

Calculations: • (a) Two lakh in numerals: 1 lakh = 1,00,000, so two lakh = 2,00,000. • (b) Boats with a motor: Half of 2,00,000 = 2,00,000 ÷ 2 = 1,00,000 (one lakh boats). • (c) Number of machine trawlers: 1/4 of 1,00,000 = 1,00,000 ÷ 4 = 25,000. So there are 25 thousand machine trawlers.

Q: A log boat travels at a speed of 4 km per hour. (a) How long will it take to go a distance of 10 km? (b) How far can it go in 6 hours?

Boat Calculations: • (a) Time to cover 10 km: Time = Distance ÷ Speed = 10 ÷ 4 = 2.5 hours = 2 hours and 30 minutes. • (b) Distance in 6 hours: Distance = Speed × Time = 4 km/h × 6 h = 24 km.

Q: Look at the table for boat types: Motor boat goes at 20 km/h and catches 800 kg per trip. Long tail boat goes at 12 km/h and catches 600 kg per trip.

Step-by-step Solution: • (a) Distance covered by motor boat: Speed = 20 km/h, Time = 3.5 h. Distance = 20 × 3.5 = 70 km. • (b) Total catch in 7 trips: Catch per trip = 600 kg. Total = 7 × 600 = 4,200 kg.

Q: When fresh fish is dried, it becomes 1/3 of its original weight. (a) If fisherwomen dry 6,000 kg of fresh fish in a month, how much dried fish will th

Drying Weight Calculations: • (a) Dried fish from 6,000 kg: Weight of dried fish = 1/3 of 6,000 kg = 6,000 ÷ 3 = 2,000 kg. • (b) Dried fish from 900 kg: Weight of dried fish = 1/3 of 900 kg = 900 ÷ 3 = 300 kg.

Q: Women buy fresh fish for ₹15 per kg and sell dried fish for ₹70 per kg. When fresh fish is dried, it becomes 1/3 of its weight. Calculate their profit

Financial Calculation: 1. Cost of buying fresh fish = 6,000 kg × ₹15 = ₹90,000. 2. Weight of dried fish produced = 6,000 ÷ 3 = 2,000 kg. 3. Money earned by selling dried fish = 2,000 kg × ₹70 = ₹1,40,000. 4. Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price = ₹1,40,000 - ₹90,000 = ₹50,000.

Q: At the fish market: Mini sells Sardines at ₹40/kg; Gracy sells Swordfish at ₹60/kg; Floramma sells Prawns at ₹150/kg; Karuthamma sells Squid at ₹50/kg

Market Rate Calculations: • (a) Price per kg of Kingfish: Total price = ₹1,200, Weight = 8 kg. Price per kg = 1,200 ÷ 8 = ₹150 per kg. • (b) Kg of Sardines: Rate = ₹40/kg, Total money = ₹240. Quantity = 240 ÷ 40 = 6 kg.

Q: Floramma sells prawns at ₹150 per kg. (a) Basheer has ₹100. He spends 1/4 of his money on squid (₹50/kg) and the remaining 3/4 on prawns. How many gra

Step-by-step Solution: • (a) Basheer's purchases: - Money spent on squid = 1/4 of ₹100 = ₹25. Since squid is ₹50/kg, he gets 25 ÷ 50 = 1/2 kg = 500 grams of squid. - Money spent on prawns = 3/4 of ₹100 = ₹75. Since prawns are ₹150/kg, he gets 75 ÷ 150 = 1/2 kg = 500 grams of prawns. • (b) Mini's

Q: Jhansi took a loan of ₹21,000 from the Meenkar Bank to buy a log boat. She paid back ₹23,520 in one year. (a) How much did she pay back every month? (

Loan Calculations: • (a) Monthly installment: 1 year = 12 months. Monthly payment = 23,520 ÷ 12 = ₹1,960 per month. • (b) Total interest paid: Extra money = Total paid - Loan amount = 23,520 - 21,000 = ₹2,520.

Q: Twenty fisherwomen started their own 'Meenkar Bank'. Each saves ₹25 every month. (a) How much money does the group collect each month? (b) How much mo

Savings Calculations: • (a) Monthly collection: 20 women × ₹25 = ₹500 per month. • (b) Total collection in 10 years: - In 1 year (12 months): 500 × 12 = ₹6,000. - In 10 years: 6,000 × 10 = ₹60,000.

Q: Fazila made a list of items required to set up a small fish factory: Borewell for fresh water: ₹3,000; Bamboo rack for fish drying: 20 racks at ₹2,000

Cost Breakdown: • Borewell: ₹3,000 • Bamboo racks: 20 × ₹2,000 = ₹40,000 • Cement tanks: 4 × ₹1,000 = ₹4,000 • Tray and knife: 20 × ₹300 = ₹6,000 • Buckets: 20 × ₹75 = ₹1,500 • Total startup cost: 3,000 + 40,000 + 4,000 + 6,000 + 1,500 = ₹54,500.

मछली उछली (बड़ी संख्याएँ, नौकाएँ एवं मछली बाजार) | CBSE Session 2026–27

Core Pedagogical Competencies & Concepts

Reading and writing large numbers in Indian place value system: Lakhs (100,000) and Crores (10,000,000).
Speed, Distance, and Time calculations for different types of fishing boats (Log boats, Oar boats, Motor boats, Machine trawlers).
Commercial calculations: buying, selling, drying fresh fish (weight reduction to 1/3), and banking loans.
Solving multi-step practical problems.
Principal Loan Amount: $P = ₹4,000$.
Monthly Installment: ₹345 per month.
Number of months in 1 year: 12 months.

All Textbook Exercises & In-Text Tasks (24 Questions)

100% Complete Ingestion

Q1 Textbook Exercise • Large Numbers

In India, there are about two lakh boats in our country, and half of them are without a motor. (a) Write two lakh in numerals. (b) What is the number of boats with a motor? (c) About one-fourth of the motor boats are big machine trawlers. How many thousand machine trawlers are there?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Calculations:
• (a) Two lakh in numerals: 1 lakh = 1,00,000, so two lakh = 2,00,000.
• (b) Boats with a motor: Half of 2,00,000 = 2,00,000 ÷ 2 = 1,00,000 (one lakh boats).
• (c) Number of machine trawlers: 1/4 of 1,00,000 = 1,00,000 ÷ 4 = 25,000. So there are 25 thousand machine trawlers.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): 2,00,000 numeral 1 M

Part (b): 1,00,000 motor boats 1 M

Part (c): 25,000 machine trawlers 1 M

Q2 Textbook Exercise • Boat Speed & Distance

A log boat travels at a speed of 4 km per hour. (a) How long will it take to go a distance of 10 km? (b) How far can it go in 6 hours?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Boat Calculations:
• (a) Time to cover 10 km: Time = Distance ÷ Speed = 10 ÷ 4 = 2.5 hours = 2 hours and 30 minutes.
• (b) Distance in 6 hours: Distance = Speed × Time = 4 km/h × 6 h = 24 km.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): 2 hours 30 minutes 1.5 M

Part (b): 24 km 1.5 M

Q3 Textbook Exercise • Motor Boat & Long Tail Boat

Look at the table for boat types: Motor boat goes at 20 km/h and catches 800 kg per trip. Long tail boat goes at 12 km/h and catches 600 kg per trip. (a) How far can the motor boat go in 3½ hours? (b) How much fish can the long tail boat bring in 7 trips?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Step-by-step Solution:
• (a) Distance covered by motor boat: Speed = 20 km/h, Time = 3.5 h. Distance = 20 × 3.5 = 70 km.
• (b) Total catch in 7 trips: Catch per trip = 600 kg. Total = 7 × 600 = 4,200 kg.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): 70 km calculation 1.5 M

Part (b): 4,200 kg calculation 1.5 M

Q4 Textbook Exercise • Fish Drying Weight

When fresh fish is dried, it becomes 1/3 of its original weight. (a) If fisherwomen dry 6,000 kg of fresh fish in a month, how much dried fish will they get? (b) If they dry 900 kg of fresh fish, how much dried fish will be produced?

[2 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Drying Weight Calculations:
• (a) Dried fish from 6,000 kg: Weight of dried fish = 1/3 of 6,000 kg = 6,000 ÷ 3 = 2,000 kg.
• (b) Dried fish from 900 kg: Weight of dried fish = 1/3 of 900 kg = 900 ÷ 3 = 300 kg.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): 2,000 kg 1 M

Part (b): 300 kg 1 M

Q5 Textbook Exercise • Fish Drying Economics & Profit

Women buy fresh fish for ₹15 per kg and sell dried fish for ₹70 per kg. When fresh fish is dried, it becomes 1/3 of its weight. Calculate their profit when drying 6,000 kg of fresh fish.

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Financial Calculation:
1. Cost of buying fresh fish = 6,000 kg × ₹15 = ₹90,000.
2. Weight of dried fish produced = 6,000 ÷ 3 = 2,000 kg.
3. Money earned by selling dried fish = 2,000 kg × ₹70 = ₹1,40,000.
4. Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price = ₹1,40,000 - ₹90,000 = ₹50,000.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Cost Price: ₹90,000 1 M

Selling Price: ₹1,40,000 1 M

Profit: ₹50,000 1 M

Q6 Textbook Exercise • Fish Market Rates

At the fish market: Mini sells Sardines at ₹40/kg; Gracy sells Swordfish at ₹60/kg; Floramma sells Prawns at ₹150/kg; Karuthamma sells Squid at ₹50/kg. (a) Fazila has a huge Kingfish weighing 8 kg. She says, 'I will sell the whole fish for ₹1,200.' What is the price per kg of Kingfish? (b) How many kg of Sardines can Mini sell to earn ₹240?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Market Rate Calculations:
• (a) Price per kg of Kingfish: Total price = ₹1,200, Weight = 8 kg. Price per kg = 1,200 ÷ 8 = ₹150 per kg.
• (b) Kg of Sardines: Rate = ₹40/kg, Total money = ₹240. Quantity = 240 ÷ 40 = 6 kg.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): ₹150 per kg 1.5 M

Part (b): 6 kg 1.5 M

Q7 Textbook Exercise • Mixed Purchase Problem

Floramma sells prawns at ₹150 per kg. (a) Basheer has ₹100. He spends 1/4 of his money on squid (₹50/kg) and the remaining 3/4 on prawns. How many grams/kg of each did he buy? (b) If Gracy sold 6 kg of swordfish (₹60/kg), how much did Mini earn if she earned the same amount selling sardines at ₹40/kg?

[4 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Step-by-step Solution:
• (a) Basheer's purchases:
- Money spent on squid = 1/4 of ₹100 = ₹25. Since squid is ₹50/kg, he gets 25 ÷ 50 = 1/2 kg = 500 grams of squid.
- Money spent on prawns = 3/4 of ₹100 = ₹75. Since prawns are ₹150/kg, he gets 75 ÷ 150 = 1/2 kg = 500 grams of prawns.
• (b) Mini's sales:
- Gracy earned = 6 kg × ₹60 = ₹360.
- Mini sells sardines at ₹40/kg, so quantity sold = 360 ÷ 40 = 9 kg of sardines.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Squid calculation: 500 g 1 M

Prawns calculation: 500 g 1 M

Gracy earnings: ₹360 1 M

Mini sardines: 9 kg 1 M

Q8 Textbook Exercise • Bank Loan & Installments

Jhansi took a loan of ₹21,000 from the Meenkar Bank to buy a log boat. She paid back ₹23,520 in one year. (a) How much did she pay back every month? (b) How much extra money did she pay as interest?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Loan Calculations:
• (a) Monthly installment: 1 year = 12 months. Monthly payment = 23,520 ÷ 12 = ₹1,960 per month.
• (b) Total interest paid: Extra money = Total paid - Loan amount = 23,520 - 21,000 = ₹2,520.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Division by 12 months 1 M

Monthly payment: ₹1,960 1 M

Interest calculation: ₹2,520 1 M

Q9 Textbook Exercise • Fisherwomen's Bank Setup

Twenty fisherwomen started their own 'Meenkar Bank'. Each saves ₹25 every month. (a) How much money does the group collect each month? (b) How much money will be collected in 10 years?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Savings Calculations:
• (a) Monthly collection: 20 women × ₹25 = ₹500 per month.
• (b) Total collection in 10 years:
- In 1 year (12 months): 500 × 12 = ₹6,000.
- In 10 years: 6,000 × 10 = ₹60,000.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Monthly savings: ₹500 1.5 M

10-year total: ₹60,000 1.5 M

Q10 Textbook Exercise • Fish Canning Factory Costs

Fazila made a list of items required to set up a small fish factory: Borewell for fresh water: ₹3,000; Bamboo rack for fish drying: 20 racks at ₹2,000 each; Cement tank: 4 tanks at ₹1,000 each; Tray and knife: 20 sets at ₹300 each; Bucket: 20 buckets at ₹75 each. Find the total startup cost.

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Cost Breakdown:
• Borewell: ₹3,000
• Bamboo racks: 20 × ₹2,000 = ₹40,000
• Cement tanks: 4 × ₹1,000 = ₹4,000
• Tray and knife: 20 × ₹300 = ₹6,000
• Buckets: 20 × ₹75 = ₹1,500
• Total startup cost: 3,000 + 40,000 + 4,000 + 6,000 + 1,500 = ₹54,500.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Itemized product totals 1.5 M

Final sum: ₹54,500 1.5 M

Q11 Textbook Exercise • Monthly Salt & Packing Expense

To dry 6,000 kg fresh fish monthly, the factory needs: Salt: 1,500 kg at ₹2 per kg; Packing and bus charges: ₹3,000. What is the total monthly operational cost?

[2 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Operational Cost Calculation:
• Cost of salt = 1,500 kg × ₹2 = ₹3,000.
• Packing and transport charges = ₹3,000.
• Total monthly operational cost: ₹3,000 + ₹3,000 = ₹6,000.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Salt cost calculation (₹3,000) 1 M

Total operational cost (₹6,000) 1 M

Q12 Textbook Exercise • Large Boat Catch Comparison

A machine trawler catches 6,000 kg in one trip and travels at 24 km/h. A log boat catches 20 kg in one trip and travels at 4 km/h. (a) How many times more fish does the trawler catch in one trip compared to the log boat? (b) How many times faster is the trawler than the log boat?

[2 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Comparison:
• (a) Catch comparison: 6,000 kg ÷ 20 kg = 300 times more.
• (b) Speed comparison: 24 km/h ÷ 4 km/h = 6 times faster.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): 300 times 1 M

Part (b): 6 times 1 M

Q13 Textbook Exercise • Writing Lakhs & Crores

Answer the following based on Indian number system: (a) How many thousands make one lakh? (b) How many lakhs make one crore? (c) Write one crore in numerals and count how many zeros it has.

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Numeration Facts:
• (a) Thousands in one lakh: 1 lakh = 1,00,000; 1 thousand = 1,000. 1,00,000 ÷ 1,000 = 100 thousands.
• (b) Lakhs in one crore: 1 crore = 1,00,00,000; 1 lakh = 1,00,000. 1,00,00,000 ÷ 1,00,000 = 100 lakhs.
• (c) One crore in numerals: 1,00,00,000. It has 7 zeros.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): 100 thousands 1 M

Part (b): 100 lakhs 1 M

Part (c): 1,00,00,000 and 7 zeros 1 M

Q14 Textbook Exercise • Boat Journey Time

A motor boat travels at 20 km/h. If it leaves the shore at 6:00 AM, at what time will it reach a fishing spot located 50 km away in the sea?

[2 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Time of Arrival Calculation:
• Distance = 50 km, Speed = 20 km/h.
• Time taken = Distance ÷ Speed = 50 ÷ 20 = 2.5 hours = 2 hours and 30 minutes.
• Departure time: 6:00 AM.
• Arrival time: 6:00 AM + 2 hours 30 minutes = 8:30 AM.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Calculation of 2.5 hours 1 M

Arrival time: 8:30 AM 1 M

Q15 Textbook Exercise • Fish Weight Comparison

The largest fish is the whale shark. Its length is about 18 metres and its weight is about 16,000 kg. (a) If you weigh 32 kg, how many children like you together will weigh equal to one whale shark? (b) How much more does the whale shark weigh than 12 children of 32 kg each?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Weight Comparisons:
• (a) Number of children: 16,000 kg ÷ 32 kg = 500 children.
• (b) Weight difference:
- Weight of 12 children = 12 × 32 = 384 kg.
- Difference = 16,000 - 384 = 15,616 kg more.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): 500 children 1.5 M

Part (b): 15,616 kg more 1.5 M

Q16 Textbook Exercise • Word Problems in Fish Market

A customer bought 2 kg of prawns at ₹150/kg, 3 kg of swordfish at ₹60/kg, and 500 g of dried fish at ₹70/kg. What is the total bill amount?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Bill Calculation:
• Prawns: 2 kg × ₹150 = ₹300
• Swordfish: 3 kg × ₹60 = ₹180
• Dried fish: 500 g = 0.5 kg; 0.5 × ₹70 = ₹35
• Total Bill: 300 + 180 + 35 = ₹515.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Calculation of each item cost 2 M

Total bill: ₹515 1 M

Q17 Textbook Exercise • Speed and Return Journey

A long-tail boat travels 12 km in 1 hour. It travels to a reef 36 km away, spends 2 hours fishing, and returns to shore. Find the total time taken for the whole trip.

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Total Trip Duration:
1. Time taken to go to reef = 36 km ÷ 12 km/h = 3 hours.
2. Time spent fishing = 2 hours.
3. Time taken to return = 36 km ÷ 12 km/h = 3 hours.
4. Total time: 3 + 2 + 3 = 8 hours.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Travel time each way (3 h + 3 h) 1.5 M

Total time: 8 hours 1.5 M

Q18 Textbook Exercise • Loan Comparison

Gracy took a loan of ₹4,000 to buy a net. She paid back ₹345 every month for one year. Did she pay more or less than the loan amount, and by how much?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Repayment Calculation:
• Loan amount = ₹4,000.
• Total repaid in 12 months = 12 × ₹345 = ₹4,140.
• Since ₹4,140 > ₹4,000, she paid more.
• Extra amount = ₹4,140 - ₹4,000 = ₹140.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Total paid: ₹4,140 1.5 M

Difference: ₹140 more 1.5 M

Q19 Textbook Exercise • Price Discounts & Bundling

Mini sells sardines at ₹40 per kg. A customer buys 5 kg of sardines, and Mini gives a discount of ₹5 per kg. How much does the customer pay?

[2 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Discount Calculation:
• Discounted price per kg = ₹40 - ₹5 = ₹35 per kg.
• Total amount for 5 kg = 5 × ₹35 = ₹175.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Discounted rate: ₹35 1 M

Total payment: ₹175 1 M

Q20 Textbook Exercise • Catch Capacity vs Tripping

A fishing cooperative has an order for 2,400 kg of fish. (a) How many trips will a motor boat (capacity 800 kg per trip) need to complete this order? (b) How many trips will a log boat (capacity 20 kg per trip) need?

[2 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Trip Calculations:
• (a) Motor boat trips: 2,400 ÷ 800 = 3 trips.
• (b) Log boat trips: 2,400 ÷ 20 = 120 trips.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Motor boat: 3 trips 1 M

Log boat: 120 trips 1 M

Q21 Textbook Exercise • Profit Margin on Fresh Fish

A merchant buys 150 kg of fish at ₹35 per kg and spends ₹250 on transportation. If he sells all the fish at ₹45 per kg, what is his net profit?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Profit Statement:
1. Cost of fish = 150 × ₹35 = ₹5,250.
2. Total cost (including transport) = ₹5,250 + ₹250 = ₹5,500.
3. Total selling revenue = 150 × ₹45 = ₹6,750.
4. Net Profit: ₹6,750 - ₹5,500 = ₹1,250.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Total cost: ₹5,500 1 M

Total revenue: ₹6,750 1 M

Net profit: ₹1,250 1 M

Q22 Textbook Exercise • Fuel Consumption

A motor boat consumes 2 litres of diesel for every 10 km travelled. Diesel costs ₹90 per litre. (a) How much diesel is needed to travel 60 km? (b) What will be the fuel cost for this journey?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Fuel Calculation:
• (a) Diesel needed: For 10 km = 2 litres. For 60 km = (60 ÷ 10) × 2 = 6 × 2 = 12 litres.
• (b) Fuel cost: 12 litres × ₹90 = ₹1,080.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Part (a): 12 litres 1.5 M

Part (b): ₹1,080 1.5 M

Q23 Textbook Exercise • Estimating Numbers

A school of fish has approximately 10,000 small fish swimming together. If each small fish weighs 15 grams, what is the total weight of the school in kilograms?

[2 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Weight Conversion:
• Total weight in grams = 10,000 × 15 g = 150,000 g.
• 1,000 grams = 1 kg.
• Weight in kg = 150,000 ÷ 1,000 = 150 kg.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Multiplication to grams: 150,000 g 1 M

Conversion to kg: 150 kg 1 M

Q24 Textbook Exercise • Weekly Earnings Comparison

Fisherman A earns ₹450 per day for 6 days a week. Fisherman B earns ₹3,200 in a fortnight (14 days). Who earns more per day, and by how much?

[3 Marks]

✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working

Daily Earning Comparison:
• Fisherman A daily earning = ₹450.
• Fisherman B daily earning = ₹3,200 ÷ 14 ≈ ₹228.57.
• Fisherman A earns more by: 450 - 228.57 = ₹221.43 per day.

CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme

Identification of Fisherman A daily rate 1 M

Calculation of Fisherman B daily rate 1 M

Comparison and difference 1 M

🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study

NEP 2020 Competency Case: The Fish Tale

A practical scenario involving The Fish Tale in everyday life and community contexts.

Analytical Task: Analyze the quantitative relationships and state the conclusion.

Evaluation & Model Answer:

Apply the step-by-step formulas and concepts mastered in this chapter.

Rubric: 1M formula + 1M working + 1M answer