Chapter 21 of 22
Chapter 21: Like Father, Like Daughter
Inherited vs Acquired Traits, Twins, Gregor Mendel's Pea Experiments & Polio Facts | CBSE Session 2026–27
Core Pedagogical Competencies & Concepts
- Inherited traits: physical characteristics passed from biological parents to children through genes (eye colour, curly hair, dimples, free/attached earlobes).
- Acquired skills: abilities learned through education, practice, and environment (swimming, playing tabla, cycling, language accents).
- Identical twins: share identical genes, but environmental upbringing influences habits, skills, and personality.
- Gregor Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance through thousands of experiments on pea plants (traits inherit in pairs, like tall vs dwarf).
- Polio is caused by a virus (Poliovirus); it is NOT hereditary. It can be completely eradicated through Pulse Polio oral vaccine drops.
All Textbook Exercises & In-Text Tasks (22 Questions)
100% Complete Ingestion
Q1
Textbook Exercise
Differentiate between an inherited trait and an acquired skill with two examples of each.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
- Inherited Traits: Physical characteristics passed from parents to children through genetics from birth. Examples: Eye colour, natural curly or straight hair, facial dimples, attached earlobes.
- Acquired Skills: Abilities, knowledge, and habits that a person learns through practice, schooling, and environment after birth. Examples: Playing the harmonium/piano, swimming, cycling, speaking multiple languages.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition and 2 examples of inherited traits
1.5 Marks
Definition and 2 examples of acquired skills
1.5 Marks
Q2
Textbook Exercise
Who was Gregor Mendel? What groundbreaking discovery did he make regarding pea plants?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk born in 1822 in a poor farming family. Over seven years, he conducted meticulous breeding experiments on over 28,000 pea plants in his monastery garden:
- He discovered that plant traits are passed down in discrete pairs and do not blend into an intermediate mix.
- For instance, crossing tall and dwarf pea plants produced either tall or dwarf offspring, not medium-height plants; seed coats were either smooth or wrinkled, never halfway.
- His work laid the fundamental foundation for the modern science of genetics.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identification of Gregor Mendel as father of genetics
1 Mark
Discovery that traits inherit in discrete pairs without blending
2 Marks
Q3
Textbook Exercise
Is Polio hereditary? A relative told Saroja that her newborn might catch polio because her aunt had polio. Is this scientifically true? What causes polio, and how can it be prevented?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
No, this is completely false scientifically.
- Polio is NOT hereditary: Polio is an infectious disease caused by a microscopic virus (Poliovirus), not by parental genes. It never passes down through family lineage or birth traits.
- Transmission: The poliovirus spreads through contaminated drinking water, unhygienic food, or dirty hands, attacking the spinal cord and nervous system, leading to paralysis of limbs (most commonly legs).
- Prevention: Polio can be completely prevented through the Pulse Polio oral vaccine drops (दो बूंद जिंदगी की) given to every child under five years of age.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Refutation of hereditary myth and identifying viral cause
1 Mark
Mode of transmission through contaminated water/food
1 Mark
Prevention via Pulse Polio oral vaccination drops
1 Mark
Q4
Textbook Exercise
Saroja and Suvasini are identical twins who look completely alike. Why can Saroja sing Tamil songs and speak Marathi fluently while Suvasini cannot? How does environment shape abilities alongside inherited traits?
[4 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Although Saroja and Suvasini are identical twins sharing identical genetic traits from their parents (giving them matching faces, hair, and eye shape), their abilities and language skills developed differently because of their upbringing environment:
- Saroja's Environment: Saroja was brought up by her uncle in an environment where people spoke Marathi and listened to classical Tamil music, so she acquired fluency in Marathi and learned to sing songs through daily listening and practice.
- Suvasini's Environment: Suvasini lived in a different home where these languages and music were not practiced, so she never acquired those specific skills.
- Scientific Conclusion: Physical traits (height, facial features, hair type) are inherited from biological parents, whereas languages, arts, sports, and intellectual skills are acquired abilities shaped by environment, schooling, practice, and social exposure.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Explanation of identical genetic origin for physical features
1.5 Marks
Impact of differing upbringing environments on language and singing
1.5 Marks
Conclusion distinguishing inherited traits from acquired skills
1 Mark
Q5
Textbook Exercise
List four physical traits that children commonly inherit from their parents or grandparents, and three skills or habits that must be acquired through practice.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
- Four Inherited Physical Traits:
- Colour of eyes (e.g. brown, black, hazel).
- Hair texture (curly, wavy, or silky straight).
- Attached or free earlobes.
- Facial dimples when smiling, or distinctive shape of nose and chin.
- Three Acquired Skills/Habits:
- Riding a bicycle or swimming.
- Reading, writing, and speaking languages.
- Playing a musical instrument (harmonium, flute, guitar).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Four accurate inherited biological traits
1.5 Marks
Three accurate acquired behavioural/motor skills
1.5 Marks
Q6
Think and Discuss • Environmental Science & Ecology • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 1] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q7
Find Out and Write • Observational Field Study • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 2] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q8
Scientific Investigation • Ecosystem Relationships • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 3] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q9
Traditional Wisdom & Community Stewardship • Conservation • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 4] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q10
Survey & Data Collection • Experiential Inquiry • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 5] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q11
Health, Diet & Human Biology • Nutritional Science • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 6] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q12
Disaster Preparedness & Climate Resilience • Geography • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 7] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q13
Biodiversity & Habitat Adaptations • Wildlife Protection • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 8] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q14
Think and Discuss • Environmental Science & Ecology • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 9] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q15
Find Out and Write • Observational Field Study • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 10] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q16
Scientific Investigation • Ecosystem Relationships • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 11] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q17
Traditional Wisdom & Community Stewardship • Conservation • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 12] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q18
Survey & Data Collection • Experiential Inquiry • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 13] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q19
Health, Diet & Human Biology • Nutritional Science • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 14] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q20
Disaster Preparedness & Climate Resilience • Geography • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 15] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q21
Biodiversity & Habitat Adaptations • Wildlife Protection • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 16] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q22
Think and Discuss • Environmental Science & Ecology • Like Father, Like Daughter
[Textbook Activity & Question 17] In 'Like Father, Like Daughter', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In Like Father, Like Daughter, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study
Mendelian Inheritance & The Eradication of Polio
Saroja and Suvasini are identical twins separated at birth; one was raised by an uncle in Pune (learning karate and music) while the other stayed in Chennai (speaking Tamil and doing household chores). Meanwhile, a health worker arrived at their home to administer two drops of Pulse Polio oral vaccine to infants.
Analytical Task: Explain how twin studies help scientists differentiate between genetic heredity and environmental nurture, and explain why administering oral polio vaccine drops to all children under five is essential.
Evaluation & Model Answer:
Scientific Value of Twin Studies:
Identical twins share 100% identical genetic DNA inherited from biological parents. By studying identical twins raised in different physical and social settings, scientists can pinpoint which traits are strictly genetic (blood group, facial bone structure, eye colour) and which traits are shaped by environmental nurture (skills like karate, musical talent, language vocabulary, dietary habits).
Importance of Pulse Polio Campaign:
Polio is an infectious viral disease that paralyzes limbs. If even a small pool of children remains unvaccinated, the virus continues to circulate in water and soil. Simultaneous mass administration of oral polio drops ensures community 'herd immunity', preventing virus replication and eradicating the disease entirely from the population.
Rubric: 2.5 Marks for twin genetics vs nurture explanation + 2.5 Marks for herd immunity and viral eradication rationale = 5 Marks