Chapter 22: On the Move Again
Dhanu's Story, Sugarcane Migrant Labourers, Mukadam Agent System & RTE Educational Disruption | CBSE Session 2026–27
Core Pedagogical Competencies & Concepts
- Dhanu's family and other landless agricultural labourers in Maharashtra celebrate Dussehra, after which their nomadic migration begins.
- The 'Mukadam' (money-lending labour contractor) gives loans to poor families during the non-rainy months and contracts them out to sugarcane factories.
- Nomadic cycle: 6 months farming in native village during monsoon; 6 months living in temporary huts made of dried sugarcane leaves near factories.
- Severe educational disruption: children like Dhanu miss school for six months every year, leading to high dropout rates.
- Sustainable solutions: year-round canal irrigation for dual cropping, seasonal residential schools, and government implementation of the Right to Education (RTE) Act.
All Textbook Exercises & In-Text Tasks (22 Questions)
100% Complete Ingestion
Q1
Textbook Exercise
Who is a Mukadam? How does the loan system force poor agricultural families into continuous seasonal migration?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
A Mukadam is an agent and money-lender for sugarcane processing factories. During the dry months when there is no rain and no farm work, landless villagers borrow money from the Mukadam to survive. To pay back these loans, families are obligated to work for six months cutting and transporting sugarcane stalks wherever the Mukadam commands, trapping them in an unending cycle of debt and displacement.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Role of Mukadam as factory agent and money lender
1.5 Marks
Cycle of debt forcing 6-month migration away from village
1.5 Marks
Q2
Textbook Exercise
What difficulties do children like Dhanu face due to their parents' seasonal migration? How can the government ensure their education continues uninterrupted?
[4 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Difficulties Faced by Migrant Children:
- They are pulled out of village school for six months, forgetting previously learned concepts.
- They cannot understand the local language at the new migration sites and end up helping parents carry heavy bundles of cane.
- Many eventually drop out completely and are pushed into child labour.
- Establish Seasonal Residential Hostels in native villages so children can stay, eat, and attend school while parents migrate.
- Introduce Mobile Tent Schools that travel with the migrant caravans.
- Construct canal irrigation networks so farmers can harvest two to three crops a year, eliminating the need to migrate.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Educational disruption and child labour risks
2 Marks
Residential hostels and mobile schooling solutions
2 Marks
Q3
Textbook Exercise
Why is there no farming work in Dhanu's village from Dussehra until the next rainy season? What modern irrigation methods could help farmers grow crops throughout the year?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
In Dhanu's village, agriculture is almost entirely dependent on seasonal monsoon rains (rainfed farming). Once the rainy season ends after Dussehra, there is no rain for six months, and the soil dries up completely with no local reservoirs or canals.
Modern irrigation solutions to enable round-the-year cultivation:
Modern irrigation solutions to enable round-the-year cultivation:
- Construction of canal networks connecting nearby perennial rivers.
- Installing deep tube wells and solar-powered borewell pumps.
- Building village check-dams, stepwells, and percolation ponds for rainwater harvesting.
- Adopting drip irrigation and sprinkler systems to cultivate low-water winter crops like mustard, gram, and vegetables.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Explanation of rainfed farming dependency ending at Dussehra
1.5 Marks
Canal, tube well, and drip irrigation solutions for year-round crops
1.5 Marks
Q4
Textbook Exercise
When whole families migrate for six months to work in sugarcane fields, what challenges do the elderly grandparents and young infants left behind in the village face?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
The seasonal exodus leaves vulnerable family members in extreme hardship:
- Isolation and Lack of Care: Frail, elderly grandparents who cannot walk or work are left alone in deserted village houses. When they fall ill, there is no one nearby to cook food, fetch drinking water, or take them to a doctor.
- Emotional Distress: Grandparents deeply miss their children and grandchildren, suffering from loneliness and depression.
- Infant Neglect: Infants carried by mothers to the sugarcane fields are exposed to stinging cold, dust, smoke from sugar mills, and lack of clean drinking water, leading to frequent illnesses.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Physical difficulties and healthcare crisis for elderly left alone
1.5 Marks
Emotional distress and health hazards for infants in harsh field conditions
1.5 Marks
Q5
Textbook Exercise
Compare Dhanu's family life in their village home with their life in the temporary huts ('jhuggi' made of sugarcane leaves) near the sugar factory.
[4 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Comparison between Village Life and Migrant Camp Life:
| Aspect | Life in Native Village | Life at Sugarcane Factory Camp |
|---|---|---|
| Shelter | Permanent, sturdy ancestral house with separate rooms and courtyard. | Fragile makeshift huts ('kopas') made of dried sugarcane leaves and bamboo. |
| Daily Food | Fresh home-cooked meals, milk, festive sweets like Puran Poli during Dussehra. | Dry rotis cooked early morning over smoky wood fires, eaten cold with jaggery or chilli paste. |
| Schooling | Children attend regular village government school daily with friends. | Schooling is completely halted; children help load heavy cane bundles. |
| Working Hours | Daytime farming with leisure, festival celebrations, and family bonding. | Gruelling 16-hour shifts from 4 AM, standing in long factory queues at night. |
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Contrast in shelter and housing quality
1 Mark
Contrast in food nutrition and daily meals
1 Mark
Contrast in children's education and schooling continuity
1 Mark
Contrast in working conditions and daily routine
1 Mark
Q6
Think and Discuss • Environmental Science & Ecology • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 1] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q7
Find Out and Write • Observational Field Study • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 2] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q8
Scientific Investigation • Ecosystem Relationships • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 3] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q9
Traditional Wisdom & Community Stewardship • Conservation • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 4] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q10
Survey & Data Collection • Experiential Inquiry • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 5] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q11
Health, Diet & Human Biology • Nutritional Science • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 6] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q12
Disaster Preparedness & Climate Resilience • Geography • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 7] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q13
Biodiversity & Habitat Adaptations • Wildlife Protection • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 8] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q14
Think and Discuss • Environmental Science & Ecology • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 9] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q15
Find Out and Write • Observational Field Study • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 10] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q16
Scientific Investigation • Ecosystem Relationships • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 11] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q17
Traditional Wisdom & Community Stewardship • Conservation • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 12] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q18
Survey & Data Collection • Experiential Inquiry • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 13] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q19
Health, Diet & Human Biology • Nutritional Science • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 14] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q20
Disaster Preparedness & Climate Resilience • Geography • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 15] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q21
Biodiversity & Habitat Adaptations • Wildlife Protection • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 16] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
Q22
Think and Discuss • Environmental Science & Ecology • On the Move Again
[Textbook Activity & Question 17] In 'On the Move Again', describe how students can conduct an empirical investigation or discussion on this topic and explain the scientific principles involved.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Scientific Model Answer & Environmental Analysis:
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
1. Field Inquiry / Observation: In On the Move Again, students examine real-world ecological relationships, habitat dependencies, and sustainable environmental practices.
2. Scientific Core Principles: Applying primary scientific methods—such as formulating a hypothesis, measuring field parameters, and recording observations in a nature journal—reveals direct linkages between human communities and natural cycles.
3. Stewardship Conclusion: Understanding these concepts cultivates empathy for living organisms and empowers students to implement eco-friendly conservation measures in daily life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Observation methodology & identification of ecological concepts
1.0 M
Scientific explanation of natural cause-and-effect processes
1.0 M
Actionable conservation recommendations stated clearly
1.0 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study
Seasonal Sugarcane Migrants & The Right to Education Act
Dhanu's family packs their bullock cart after Dussehra to work in distant sugarcane cutting fields for six months. Dhanu cannot attend school, and his maternal uncle (Mami) worries that without an education, Dhanu will remain trapped as a landless labourer forever.
Analytical Task: How does seasonal migration violate children's fundamental Right to Education under the RTE Act, and what innovative institutional measures (like residential seasonal hostels or mobile schools) must state governments provide?
Evaluation & Model Answer:
Violation of the Right to Education:
The Right to Education (RTE) Act guarantees free, compulsory, continuous education to every child aged 6 to 14. Seasonal migration pulls children out of school for half of every academic year, breaking conceptual learning continuity, causing massive learning gaps, and inevitably leading to high dropout rates and illegal child labour.
Innovative Government Solutions:
1. Seasonal Residential Hostels (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Hostels): Established in home villages so children can stay, receive free nutritious meals, and attend their regular school while parents migrate for work.
2. Mobile Tent Schools & Language Tutors: Government teachers deployed to temporary sugar factory camps with portable classroom kits.
3. Bridge Courses & Digital Tracking: Unique student identification cards allowing children to seamlessly attend classes at migration destinations without losing academic grade status.
Rubric: 2.5 Marks for RTE constitutional right and learning disruption analysis + 2.5 Marks for seasonal hostels, mobile schools, and student tracking = 5 Marks