Chapter 10 of 12
Chapter 10: Festivals & Celebrations
Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Gurpurab, National Festivals | CBSE Session 2026–27
Core Pedagogical Competencies & Concepts
- Types: Religious, National, and Harvest Festivals
- Major Religious Celebrations (Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Gurpurab)
- National Festivals (Republic Day, Independence Day, Gandhi Jayanti)
- Unity in Diversity and Spreading Joy
All Textbook Exercises & In-Text Tasks (15 Questions)
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Q1
Think and Tell
What is a festival, and why do we celebrate festivals?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
A festival is a special day or time of celebration. We celebrate festivals to share joy and happiness, strengthen bonds with family and friends, and honor our culture, religion, or historical events.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of festival
1
Sharing joy and honoring culture
1
Q2
Religious Festivals
Name the major religious festivals associated with the following:
(a) Festival of Lights
(b) Festival of Colors
(c) Festival celebrated after the holy month of Ramadan
(d) Birthday of Jesus Christ
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
(a) Festival of Lights - Diwali (Deepawali)
(b) Festival of Colors - Holi
(c) Month of Ramadan - Eid-ul-Fitr
(d) Birthday of Jesus Christ - Christmas.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct festivals identified
2
Q3
Diwali Celebration
How do people celebrate Diwali, and why should we avoid bursting firecrackers?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
People clean and decorate homes with rangoli and clay diyas, wear new clothes, pray to Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha, and exchange sweets. We should avoid bursting crackers because they create toxic air pollution and terrifying loud noise that harms elderly people, babies, and animals.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Diyas, rangoli, sweets, and prayers
1.5
Air/noise pollution impact of crackers
1.5
Q4
Eid-ul-Fitr
How is Eid-ul-Fitr celebrated? What special sweet dish is prepared?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
On Eid, people offer special prayers (Namaz) in mosques, embrace each other saying 'Eid Mubarak', give charity (Zakat) to the poor, and relish the delicious sweet dish called 'Sewaiyan' (Kheer).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Namaz, Eid Mubarak greeting, charity
1
Sewaiyan sweet dish
1
Q5
Christmas Celebration
When is Christmas celebrated, and who brings gifts for children?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Christmas is celebrated on 25th December every year. People decorate Christmas trees with stars and bells, sing carols at church, and children eagerly await gifts from Santa Claus.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
25th December
1
Santa Claus, Christmas tree and carols
1
Q6
Gurpurab
What is Gurpurab, and what is 'Langar'?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Gurpurab marks the birthdays of the ten Sikh Gurus (especially Guru Nanak Dev Ji). A procession (Nagar Kirtan) is taken out, and a free community meal where everyone sits together on the floor to eat is called 'Langar'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Birthday of Sikh Gurus
1
Langar free community meal
1
Q7
National Festivals
Name the three National Festivals of India and give their dates of celebration.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
The three National Festivals are:
1. Republic Day - 26th January
2. Independence Day - 15th August
3. Gandhi Jayanti - 2nd October.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct festival and date
3
Q8
Independence Day
What happens on 15th August at the Red Fort in Delhi?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
The Prime Minister of India unfurls the National Tricolor Flag (Tiranga) at the historic Red Fort and addresses the nation.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Unfurling National Flag by Prime Minister
1
Speech to the nation
1
Q9
Harvest Festivals
What are harvest festivals? Name two harvest festivals celebrated in different parts of India.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Harvest festivals celebrate the ripening and harvesting of new food crops by farmers. Examples: Baisakhi (Punjab), Pongal (Tamil Nadu), Onam (Kerala), Bihu (Assam).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Harvesting crops celebration
1
Two valid examples with states
2
Q10
True or False
State True or False:
(a) Onam is celebrated in Kerala with boat races and floral rangoli (Pookkalam).
(b) National festivals are celebrated only by people of one religion.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi's birthday is celebrated as International Day of Non-Violence.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
(a) True
(b) False (National festivals are celebrated by all Indians together)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q11
Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The Indian National Flag is called the ________ (Tiranga / Ashoka).
(b) Lord Rama returned to Ayodhya on the day of ________ (Diwali / Holi).
(c) Bihu is the famous harvest festival of ________ (Assam / Gujarat).
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
(a) Tiranga
(b) Diwali
(c) Assam.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q12
National Flag (Tiranga)
What do the three colors in our National Flag stand for?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
1. Saffron (top): Courage and sacrifice
2. White (middle): Peace, purity, and truth
3. Green (bottom): Prosperity and fertility of our land
(The Ashoka Chakra in the center represents continuous progress).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Saffron - Courage/sacrifice
1
White - Peace/truth
1
Green - Prosperity
1
Q13
Father of the Nation
Whose birthday is celebrated on 2nd October, and what title is he lovingly given?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Mahatma Gandhi's birthday is celebrated on 2nd October. He is lovingly called the 'Father of the Nation' (Bapu).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mahatma Gandhi
1
Father of the Nation / Bapu
1
Q14
Eco-Friendly Festivals
Give two ways to celebrate festivals in an eco-friendly manner.
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
1. Use natural clay idols and organic flower colors (Gulal) instead of toxic chemical paints.
2. Light earthen clay diyas with mustard oil instead of plastic electric lights.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Organic colors and clay diyas/idols
2
Q15
Sharing and Caring
How can we share festival joy with underprivileged children?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
We can share festival joy by gifting them new clothes, sharing delicious sweets, and distributing books and toys to spread smiles.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Gifting clothes, sweets, books, and toys
2
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study
Practical Application Task
Analytical Task: What core value does celebrating all festivals together teach us about India?
Evaluation & Model Answer:
Celebrating festivals together teaches us the spirit of 'Unity in Diversity' and mutual brotherhood. It shows that although we follow different religions and traditions, we are all part of one big Indian family who share love, happiness, and respect for each other's beliefs.
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