1
Unit 1: Our Living World โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 1: My Wonderful Body & Five Senses
Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue, Skin and Sense Functions
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- External Body Parts (Head, Limbs, Trunk)
- Five Sense Organs and Their Functions
- Caring for Sense Organs
- Good Touch and Personal Safety
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What are sense organs? Name the five sense organs present in our body.
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Sense organs are special organs that help us perceive, observe, and understand the world around us. The five sense organs are:
1. Eyes (Sight)
2. Ears (Hearing)
3. Nose (Smell)
4. Tongue (Taste)
5. Skin (Touch).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of sense organs
1
Listing all 5 sense organs correctly
2
Q2
Which sense organ covers our entire body, and what is its main function?
Find Out and Write
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The skin covers our entire body. Its main function is the sense of touch; it helps us feel hot, cold, soft, hard, rough, smooth, and pain.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Skin covers entire body
1
Sense of touch (hot, cold, texture)
1
Q3
What four primary tastes can our tongue identify?
Taste Buds & Tongue
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Our tongue has taste buds that help us recognize:
1. Sweet (e.g., sugar, mango)
2. Salty (e.g., potato chips, salt)
3. Sour (e.g., lemon, raw mango)
4. Bitter (e.g., bitter gourd, neem).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Listing 4 tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter
2
Q4
Give two healthy habits to take proper care of our eyes.
Eye Care & Hygiene
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Two healthy habits for eye care:
1. Wash eyes gently with clean cold water daily.
2. Do not watch television, tablet, or smartphone screens for too long or in a dark room.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Washing with clean water
1
Limiting screen time / proper lighting
1
Q5
Why should we never put sharp or pointed objects inside our ears?
Ear Care
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We should never insert hairpin, pencil, or sharp sticks into our ears because they can puncture or damage the delicate eardrum and cause permanent hearing loss.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Delicate eardrum damage
1
Risk of hearing loss
1
Q6
Which parts of our body help us in walking, running, and jumping?
Body Movement
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Our legs, knees, ankles, feet, and toes (lower limbs) help us walk, run, and jump.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Legs, knees, feet
2
Q7
Mention three daily activities that we do using our hands and fingers.
Hands and Fingers
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Activities done with hands and fingers:
1. Writing with a pencil
2. Holding a spoon to eat food
3. Buttoning our shirt or tying shoelaces.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Three valid daily activities
3
Q8
Match the sense organ with its sensation:
(a) Nose -> (i) Ringing bell
(b) Eyes -> (ii) Hot tea cup
(c) Skin -> (iii) Beautiful rainbow
(d) Ears -> (iv) Fragrant perfume
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Nose -> (iv) Fragrant perfume
(b) Eyes -> (iii) Beautiful rainbow
(c) Skin -> (ii) Hot tea cup
(d) Ears -> (i) Ringing bell.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct pairings
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) We smell with our ears.
(b) Our tongue helps us speak clearly as well as taste food.
(c) Skin protects the inner parts of our body.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (We smell with our nose).
(b) True (Tongue helps in speech and taste).
(c) True (Skin serves as a protective barrier).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer with reason
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
(a) We have ________ (two / five) sense organs.
(b) Our ________ (eyebrows / nails) protect our eyes from sweat and dust.
(c) When we catch a cold, our sense of ________ (hearing / smell) becomes weak.
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) five
(b) eyebrows
(c) smell.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark for each correct blank
3
Q11
What should you do if someone gives you an uncomfortable or bad touch?
Personal Safety (Life Skill)
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
If someone gives an uncomfortable or bad touch, you should:
1. Say a firm and loud 'NO!'
2. Run away from that person immediately.
3. Tell your parents or trusted teacher right away.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Say NO and move away
1
Inform parents/teacher immediately
1
Q12
Give two examples each of:
(a) Things that have a pleasant smell
(b) Things that have an unpleasant (bad) smell.
Give Two Examples
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Pleasant smell: Rose flower, sandalwood incense, baking cookies.
(b) Unpleasant smell: Garbage heap, open sewage drain, rotten eggs.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two pleasant smell examples
1
Two bad smell examples
1
Q13
How do visually challenged (blind) people read books?
Special Senses
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Visually challenged people use their sense of touch to read 'Braille' script, which consists of raised dots felt with finger pads.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sense of touch
1
Braille script / raised dots
1
Q14
Why do we close our eyes tightly when a sudden bright light falls on them?
Scientific Reasoning
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
It is an automatic reflex action to protect the delicate retina of our eyes from sudden intense light damage.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Reflex protection
1
Preventing damage to retina
1
Q15
Unscramble the letters to find the body part name:
(a) K E N C
(b) B L O W E
(c) N E E K
Vocabulary & Spelling
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) NECK
(b) ELBOW
(c) KNEE.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct unscrambled word
3
๐ NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)
Observing with Senses in a Garden
Real-World Context: Aman went for a morning walk in the botanical garden. He saw vibrant red roses, heard sweet cuckoo birds singing, smelled the sweet aroma of jasmine, tasted a sweet ripe berry, and felt the cool morning breeze on his cheeks.
Analytical Task: List each of the 5 senses Aman used in the garden along with the corresponding sense organ.
Aman used all five sense organs:
1. Sight (Eyes) - Seeing vibrant red roses
2. Hearing (Ears) - Listening to singing cuckoo birds
3. Smell (Nose) - Inhaling the jasmine aroma
4. Taste (Tongue) - Tasting the sweet ripe berry
5. Touch (Skin) - Feeling the cool morning breeze.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: [object Object],[object Object]
2
Unit 1: Our Living World โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 2: My Family and Loving Home
Nuclear and Joint Families, Helping at Home, Rooms in a House
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Types of Families (Nuclear, Joint, Single Parent)
- Family Tree and Relationships
- Sharing Chores and Helping Elders
- Rooms in a House and Their Functions
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is a family? Differentiate between a nuclear family and a joint family.
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A family is a group of people related to each other who live together under one roof.
โข Nuclear Family: A small family consisting of parents and their children.
โข Joint Family: A large family where grandparents, parents, uncles, aunts, and cousins live together.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of family
1
Nuclear family definition
1
Joint family definition
1
Q2
What do you call the following relations in English?
(a) Father's father
(b) Mother's mother
(c) Uncle's children
(d) Father's brother
Family Relationships
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Father's father - Paternal Grandfather
(b) Mother's mother - Maternal Grandmother
(c) Uncle's children - Cousins
(d) Father's brother - Paternal Uncle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct family relations
2
Q3
How can young children help their parents at home? Mention three simple chores.
Helping at Home
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Children can help at home by:
1. Keeping their toys, books, and school bag in proper places.
2. Setting the dining table before meals and watering indoor potted plants.
3. Making their own bed and keeping their clothes folded.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Three practical household chores
3
Q4
Name the rooms where we perform the following activities:
(a) Cooking food
(b) Taking a bath
(c) Sleeping and resting
(d) Entertaining guests
Rooms in a House
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Cooking food - Kitchen
(b) Taking a bath - Bathroom
(c) Sleeping and resting - Bedroom
(d) Entertaining guests - Living room (Drawing room).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct name for all 4 rooms
2
Q5
Why do living beings need a house to live in?
Need for a House
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Living beings need a house to protect themselves from:
1. Extreme heat, cold wind, and heavy rain.
2. Wild animals, insects, and thieves.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Protection from weather elements
1
Safety from animals/thieves
1
Q6
State two things we must do to keep our house neat and hygienic.
Clean House Habits
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
To keep our house neat and clean:
1. Sweep and mop floors daily and open windows to allow sunlight and fresh air.
2. Throw waste only into covered dustbins.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mopping/sweeping and sunlight
1
Using covered dustbins
1
Q7
How should we treat our grandparents and elders at home?
Caring for Grandparents
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We should treat our grandparents with love, care, and respect. We should spend time talking with them, help them bring water or medicines, and never speak rudely to them.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Love, respect, and spending time
1
Helping with daily tasks/medicines
1
Q8
What is the difference between a Kuchcha house and a Pucca house?
Types of Houses
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Kuchcha House: Made of mud, straw, wood, and dry leaves (e.g., huts in villages); it is not very strong.
โข Pucca House: Made of bricks, cement, iron rods, and concrete (e.g., flats and bungalows in cities); it is permanent and strong.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Kuchcha house materials and durability
1.5
Pucca house materials and durability
1.5
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Only mother should do all the household work alone.
(b) Sunshine inside the room kills harmful germs.
(c) Our cousins are our uncle and aunt's children.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (All family members should share chores).
(b) True (Sunlight is a natural germ killer).
(c) True (Uncle and aunt's children are cousins).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) A family tree always begins with our ________ (grandparents / friends).
(b) Houses built on poles in places with heavy rain are called ________ (stilt / tent) houses.
(c) Cooking is done in the ________ (kitchen / garage).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) grandparents
(b) stilt
(c) kitchen.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
What is an 'Igloo'? Who builds it and with what material?
Special Houses
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
An igloo is a dome-shaped house made of hard blocks of packed ice and snow. It is built by Inuits (Eskimos) in extremely cold polar regions.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Dome-shaped ice block house
1
Built by Inuits/Eskimos in polar areas
1
Q12
What magic words should we use at home when:
(a) We want someone's help?
(b) We receive a gift or help?
(c) We make a mistake?
Manners at Home
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) 'Please'
(b) 'Thank you'
(c) 'Sorry'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct magic word
3
Q13
What is a house on wheels called that can move from place to place?
House on Wheels
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A house on wheels is called a 'Caravan'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Caravan
1
Q14
Name two unwanted animal pests that can enter our house if it is kept dirty.
Pests in House
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Two unwanted pests: Cockroaches, houseflies (or rats, mosquitoes).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two valid household pests
2
Q15
Why is spending time with family important?
Family Values
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Spending time together strengthens the bond of love, creates happy memories, and teaches children good values and emotional security.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Strengthening love and emotional bonding
2
3
Unit 2: Plant Life Around Us โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 3: Plants Around Us
Big Trees, Small Shrubs, Herbs, Creepers, Leaves and Flowers
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Classification: Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Climbers, Creepers
- Parts of a Plant (Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower, Fruit)
- Functions of Leaves and Roots
- Uses of Plants in Daily Life
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is a 'Tree'? Give two examples of trees found in India.
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A tree is a very big, tall, and strong plant with a thick, woody stem called the 'trunk'. Examples: Neem tree, Banyan tree (or Mango tree).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition with woody trunk
1
Two valid examples
1
Q2
How are shrubs different from herbs? Give one example of each.
Shrubs vs Herbs
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Shrubs: Medium-sized bushy plants with thin, hard, woody stems branching near the ground (e.g., Rose, Hibiscus).
โข Herbs: Very small plants with soft, tender green stems; they live only for one season (e.g., Mint, Coriander, Spinach).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Shrubs characteristics and example
1.5
Herbs characteristics and example
1.5
Q3
Why do climbers need support to grow upright, whereas creepers spread on the ground?
Climbers and Creepers
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Climbers have thin and weak stems; they use tendrils to wind around supports like walls or sticks to climb upward (e.g., Money plant, Pea).
โข Creepers also have weak stems, but they bear big, heavy fruits (like Pumpkin, Watermelon) so they crawl along the ground.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Climber reason and example
1.5
Creeper reason and example
1.5
Q4
Name the five main parts of a plant and state what the root does.
Parts of a Plant
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The five main parts are:
1. Roots
2. Stem
3. Leaves
4. Flowers
5. Fruits.
Function of Root: Roots fix the plant firmly in the soil and absorb water and minerals from the ground.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Listing 5 parts
1.5
Function of roots
1.5
Q5
Why are green leaves called the 'kitchen' or 'food factory' of a plant?
Kitchen of the Plant
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Green leaves prepare food for the whole plant using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from air through the process of photosynthesis.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Food preparation role
1
Using sunlight, air, and water
1
Q6
List four things we get from plants that we use daily.
Uses of Plants
4 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Four things obtained from plants:
1. Food (Fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses)
2. Oxygen for breathing
3. Wood for furniture and paper for books
4. Medicines (Neem, Tulsi) and cotton for clothes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct daily plant product
4
Q7
Name two plants that are used as home medicines and state their benefits.
Medicinal Plants
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Tulsi: Its leaves relieve cough, cold, and sore throat.
2. Neem: Its leaves and bark heal skin wounds and purify blood.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tulsi with use
1
Neem with use
1
Q8
Match the plant type with its example:
(a) Tree -> (i) Money plant
(b) Shrub -> (ii) Mango
(c) Herb -> (iii) Cotton plant
(d) Climber -> (iv) Coriander
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Tree -> (ii) Mango
(b) Shrub -> (iii) Cotton plant
(c) Herb -> (iv) Coriander
(d) Climber -> (i) Money plant.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct pairs
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Banyan tree has roots hanging from its branches called prop roots.
(b) Cactus plant grows in water bodies.
(c) Leaves are green due to a substance called chlorophyll.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (Cactus grows in dry deserts)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct statement
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The thick woody stem of a tree is called the ________ (trunk / root).
(b) ________ (Water lily / Cactus) is an aquatic plant that floats on water.
(c) Seeds are protected inside the ________ (fruit / leaf).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) trunk
(b) Water lily
(c) fruit.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct word
3
Q11
What does a tiny seed need to germinate into a healthy young plant?
Life Cycle of Plant
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A seed needs three essential things to germinate:
1. Water (moisture)
2. Air (oxygen)
3. Warmth (sunlight).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Water, Air, Warmth
3
Q12
Which plant part do we eat when we consume:
(a) Carrot
(b) Spinach
(c) Sugarcane
(d) Apple?
Edible Plant Parts
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Carrot - Root
(b) Spinach - Leaf
(c) Sugarcane - Stem
(d) Apple - Fruit.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct plant part for all 4 foods
2
Q13
Why should we not pluck flowers and leaves unnecessarily from public gardens?
Environmental Value
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Plucking flowers damages plants, deprives butterflies and honeybees of nectar, and ruins the natural beauty for everyone.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hurts plant and pollinators
1
Destroys beauty
1
Q14
Why do plants like Rose and Cactus have sharp thorns?
Thorn Defense
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Thorns protect the plant from grazing animals like goats and cows so they are not eaten up.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Protection from grazing animals
1
Q15
How can you show that plants give off clean oxygen?
Activity & Observation
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
When an aquatic plant (like Hydrilla) is kept in a glass of water under sunlight, small gas bubbles of oxygen can be observed rising to the surface.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hydrilla experiment with rising bubbles
2
4
Unit 2: Plant Life Around Us โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 4: Animal Friends & Birds
Wild Animals, Domestic Pets, Birds, Nests and Sounds
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Classification: Wild, Domestic, Pet, Aquatic, Amphibian
- Food Habits: Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores
- Bird Features: Beaks, Feathers, Wings, Nests
- Animal Sounds and Shelters
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is the difference between wild animals and domestic animals? Give two examples of each.
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Wild Animals: Live naturally in forests and jungles; find their own food and shelter (e.g., Lion, Elephant, Zebra).
โข Domestic Animals: Reared by humans on farms or homes for milk, wool, and work (e.g., Cow, Sheep, Horse).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Wild animals definition and examples
1.5
Domestic animals definition and examples
1.5
Q2
Define Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores with one example of each.
Food Habits
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Herbivores: Plant-eating animals (e.g., Cow, Deer, Elephant).
2. Carnivores: Flesh-eating animals (e.g., Lion, Tiger, Leopard).
3. Omnivores: Animals that eat both plants and meat (e.g., Bear, Crow, Human).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Herbivore definition and example
1
Carnivore definition and example
1
Omnivore definition and example
1
Q3
What physical features help a bird to fly in the air?
Features of Birds
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Birds can fly because:
1. They have lightweight, hollow bones and streamlined boat-shaped bodies.
2. They have strong wings covered with flight feathers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hollow bones / streamlined body
1
Wings and flight feathers
1
Q4
Name two birds that cannot fly high in the sky.
Flightless Birds
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Two flightless or low-flying birds: Ostrich, Penguin (or Kiwi, Hen).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two valid flightless birds
2
Q5
Where do the following animals live?
(a) Horse
(b) Lion
(c) Honeybee
(d) Bird
Animal Homes
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Horse - Stable
(b) Lion - Den
(c) Honeybee - Beehive
(d) Bird - Nest.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct animal shelters
2
Q6
Match each animal with the sound it makes:
(a) Dog -> (i) Roar
(b) Cat -> (ii) Neigh
(c) Lion -> (iii) Bark
(d) Horse -> (iv) Meow
Animal Sounds
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Dog -> (iii) Bark
(b) Cat -> (iv) Meow
(c) Lion -> (i) Roar
(d) Horse -> (ii) Neigh.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct sound matches
2
Q7
What are the young ones (babies) of these animals called?
(a) Cow
(b) Dog
(c) Cat
(d) Hen
Animal Babies
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Cow - Calf
(b) Dog - Puppy
(c) Cat - Kitten
(d) Hen - Chick.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct baby names
2
Q8
What are aquatic animals? Name two animals that live in water.
Aquatic Animals
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Animals that live in water are called aquatic animals. Examples: Fish, Octopus, Whale, Dolphin.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of aquatic animals
1
Two valid examples
1
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Frogs can live both on land and in water (amphibian).
(b) Birds have sharp teeth to chew food.
(c) Elephants have large ears like fans to keep themselves cool.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (Birds do not have teeth; they have beaks)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The ________ (Blue Whale / Giraffe) is the largest animal on Earth.
(b) The ________ (Cheetah / Snail) is the fastest land animal.
(c) Sheep give us ________ (wool / milk) to make winter sweaters.
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Blue Whale
(b) Cheetah
(c) wool.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
Why do different birds have different shapes of beaks?
Bird Beaks
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Different birds have different beaks depending on the food they eat. For example:
โข Parrot has a curved hooked beak to crack nuts.
โข Duck has a broad flat beak with strainers to catch insects in water.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Adapted to food habits
1
Valid example (Parrot or Duck)
1
Q12
Mention three food items that we get from animals.
Useful Animal Products
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Three animal food items:
1. Milk (from cows, buffaloes, goats)
2. Eggs (from hens and ducks)
3. Honey (from honeybees).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per item with source
3
Q13
How can we show compassion and love towards street dogs and stray animals?
Kindness to Animals
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We should provide them fresh water in summer, never throw stones or hit them with sticks, and give leftover bread or dog food.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Giving water and food
1
Not hurting/hitting them
1
Q14
Name the national bird of India and describe its appearance.
National Bird
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The Peacock is the national bird of India. It has a beautiful crested head, metallic blue neck, and long, magnificent iridescent green-blue feathers with eye spots that it fans out when it dances.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Peacock
1
Description of feathers and neck
1
Q15
How many legs do insects usually have? Give two examples of common insects.
Insects Around Us
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Insects usually have 6 legs (three pairs) and often have wings. Examples: Butterfly, Ant, Mosquito, Housefly.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6 legs
1
Two valid examples
1
5
Unit 3: Sustaining Life & Health โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 5: Food We Eat & Healthy Habits
Meals of the Day, Fruits, Vegetables, Milk & Hygiene
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Need for Food (Energy, Growth, Health)
- Three Food Groups (Energy-giving, Body-building, Protective)
- Three Main Meals (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner)
- Healthy Eating Habits and Table Manners
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
Why do our bodies need food every day?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Our bodies need food because:
1. It gives us energy to work, play, and study.
2. It helps us grow tall and strong.
3. It protects us from diseases and keeps us healthy.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Energy to work and play
1
Growth of body
1
Protection from sickness
1
Q2
Name the three main food groups and give one example of each.
Food Groups
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Energy-giving foods: Carbohydrates and fats (e.g., Rice, Potato, Bread, Butter).
2. Body-building foods: Proteins that build muscles and bones (e.g., Milk, Pulses/Dal, Eggs, Paneer).
3. Protective foods: Vitamins and minerals that fight sickness (e.g., Fresh fruits and Green leafy vegetables).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Energy-giving with example
1
Body-building with example
1
Protective with example
1
Q3
Why is milk called a 'complete food' for growing children?
Complete Food
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Milk contains calcium, proteins, vitamins, and minerals that build strong bones, bright teeth, and healthy muscles, which is why it is called a complete food.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Calcium and protein content
1
Strong bones and teeth
1
Q4
What are the three main meals of the day, and when are they eaten?
Meals of the Day
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The three main meals are:
1. Breakfast - Eaten in the morning to start the day.
2. Lunch - Eaten in the afternoon.
3. Dinner - Eaten at night with family.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per meal with correct time
3
Q5
Differentiate between a vegetarian diet and a non-vegetarian diet.
Vegetarian vs Non-Vegetarian
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Vegetarian: People who eat plant foods (grains, pulses, vegetables, fruits) and dairy products (milk, curd, paneer).
โข Non-Vegetarian: People who also eat animal meat, chicken, fish, and eggs.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Vegetarian definition
1
Non-vegetarian definition
1
Q6
Give two examples of foods that can be eaten raw and two foods that must be cooked.
Raw and Cooked Food
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Eaten Raw: Apple, Cucumber, Carrot, Tomato (as salad).
โข Must be Cooked: Rice, Wheat flour (chapati), Dal (lentils), Potato.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two raw foods
1
Two cooked foods
1
Q7
Mention four good eating habits that everyone should follow.
Healthy Eating Habits
4 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Four good eating habits:
1. Wash hands with soap before and after eating meals.
2. Chew food slowly and properly; do not talk with food in your mouth.
3. Eat meals at fixed regular times daily.
4. Never waste food on your plate; take only what you can finish.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per valid eating habit
4
Q8
Match the food with its nutritional benefit:
(a) Spinach -> (i) Quick energy
(b) Dal / Pulses -> (ii) Strong bones & teeth
(c) Banana -> (iii) Good eyesight (iron & vitamins)
(d) Milk -> (iv) Muscle repair (protein)
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Spinach -> (iii) Good eyesight (iron & vitamins)
(b) Dal / Pulses -> (iv) Muscle repair (protein)
(c) Banana -> (i) Quick energy
(d) Milk -> (ii) Strong bones & teeth.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Junk food like pizza and chips gives our body all essential vitamins.
(b) Drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water every day helps in digestion.
(c) Uncovered street food can have flies and cause diseases like cholera.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) We should eat a ________ (balanced / junk) diet to stay fit.
(b) Rice and wheat are called ________ (grains / spices).
(c) Eating too many sweets and chocolates can damage our ________ (teeth / hair).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) balanced
(b) grains
(c) teeth.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
Why is drinking clean water essential along with food?
Water Importance
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Water helps in digesting food, absorbing nutrients, removing body waste through urine and sweat, and regulating our body temperature.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Digestion and nutrient absorption
1
Waste removal and temperature control
1
Q12
What is an important table manner when eating with family or guests?
Table Manners
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We should sit up straight, wait until everyone is served before eating, chew with our mouth closed, and say 'Thank you' to the person who cooked the meal.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mouth closed and courtesy to cook/family
2
Q13
Why do we keep milk and cooked vegetables inside a refrigerator?
Food Preservation
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The low cold temperature inside the refrigerator slows down the growth of bacteria and prevents food from spoiling.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Prevents spoilage by slowing bacterial growth
1
Q14
Name three delicious foods prepared from milk.
Dairy Products
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Three dairy products: Curd (yogurt), Butter, Cheese (or Paneer, Ice cream).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Three valid milk products
2
Q15
Why is it important not to waste food?
Say No to Waste
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Farmers work hard under the hot sun for months to grow food crops. Many poor people do not get even one square meal a day, so wasting food is disrespectful and unkind.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Farmer's hard labor
1
Respect for resources and needy people
1
6
Unit 3: Sustaining Life & Health โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 6: Water in Our Daily Lives
Sources of Water (Rain, Rivers, Taps), Uses & Saving Water
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Natural and Man-made Sources of Water
- Uses of Water (Drinking, Cooking, Cleaning, Plants)
- Three Forms of Water (Solid Ice, Liquid Water, Water Vapor)
- Water Conservation and Rainwater Harvesting
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is the main natural source of freshwater on Earth?
Think and Tell
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Rain is the main natural source of freshwater on Earth.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rain
1
Q2
Name two natural sources and two man-made sources of water.
Sources of Water
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Natural sources: Rain, Rivers, Lakes, Waterfalls, Ponds.
โข Man-made sources: Wells, Tube-wells, Handpumps, Dams, Water taps.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two natural sources
1
Two man-made sources
1
Q3
List five important uses of water in our everyday life.
Uses of Water
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Five uses of water:
1. Drinking to quench thirst
2. Cooking meals
3. Bathing and brushing teeth
4. Washing clothes and cleaning dishes
5. Watering crops and plants.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Listing 5 valid uses
3
Q4
What are the three states (forms) of water? Give one example of each.
Three Forms of Water
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Solid form: Ice, snow, hail
2. Liquid form: Drinking water, rain
3. Gas (Vapor) form: Steam, water vapor in air.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Solid state with example
1
Liquid state with example
1
Gas state with example
1
Q5
Why should we never drink dirty or contaminated water?
Clean Drinking Water
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Dirty water contains harmful germs and bacteria that can cause serious water-borne diseases like diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, and jaundice.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Presence of harmful germs
1
Causes water-borne diseases (diarrhea/typhoid)
1
Q6
How can we make tap or well water safe for drinking at home?
Purifying Water at Home
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We can make water safe by:
1. Boiling water for 10-15 minutes to kill all germs.
2. Using a modern water purifier (RO / UV filter).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Boiling method
1
Water filter / purifier
1
Q7
Mention three ways you can save water at home.
Saving Water (Conservation)
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Three ways to save water:
1. Turn off taps tightly after use and fix dripping taps immediately.
2. Bathe with a bucket and mug instead of using a shower.
3. Reuse leftover water from washing vegetables to water garden plants.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per practical water-saving tip
3
Q8
Why can't we drink sea or ocean water directly?
Sea Water vs River Water
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Sea and ocean water is very salty (saline) and contains a high amount of dissolved salts, which makes it unfit for drinking and cooking.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Very salty/saline
1
Unfit for drinking/cooking
1
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Plants can survive without water for months.
(b) Ice melts into liquid water on heating.
(c) Rainwater harvesting means collecting and storing rainwater for future use.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Plants need water to make food and stay upright)
(b) True
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Water has no smell, color, or ________ (taste / weight).
(b) We should use a ________ (bucket / shower) to save water while bathing.
(c) Steam coming out of boiling water is water in the form of ________ (gas / solid).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) taste
(b) bucket
(c) gas.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
What is rainwater harvesting, and why is it beneficial?
Rainwater Harvesting
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting rainwater from rooftops and storing it in underground tanks or pits. It recharges groundwater levels and provides water during dry summer months.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Collecting and storing rainwater
1
Recharges groundwater / summer use
1
Q12
How do animals in the forest get water to drink?
Animals and Water
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Wild animals visit natural water holes, rivers, ponds, and streams in the forest to drink water and cool their bodies.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rivers, streams, and water holes in forest
2
Q13
Name two human activities that pollute rivers and ponds.
Water Pollution
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Two activities that pollute water:
1. Dumping plastic waste and garbage into rivers.
2. Washing clothes, bathing cattle, and releasing factory chemical waste into water bodies.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Dumping garbage/plastic and chemical waste
2
Q14
What happens when the sun heats up water in lakes and rivers?
Water Cycle in Nature
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The heat of the sun turns lake and river water into invisible water vapor (evaporation), which rises up into the sky and forms clouds.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Turns into water vapor (evaporation)
1
Rises and forms clouds
1
Q15
Write a catchy slogan to create awareness about saving water.
Slogan Writing
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'Save Water, Save Life! Every Drop Counts!' (เคเคฒ เคนเฅ เคเฅเคตเคจ เคนเฅ, เคเคธเฅ เคตเฅเคฏเคฐเฅเคฅ เคจ เคฌเคนเคพเคเค!)
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Creative and meaningful slogan
1
7
Unit 3: Sustaining Life & Health โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 7: Clothes for Different Seasons
Cotton in Summer, Woolen in Winter, Raincoats in Monsoon
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Need for Clothes (Weather, Dust, Insect Bites)
- Seasonal Clothing (Summer, Winter, Rainy)
- Fibers: Natural (Cotton, Wool, Silk) vs Synthetic
- Uniforms and Traditional Attire
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
Why do we wear clothes? State three reasons.
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We wear clothes to:
1. Protect our body from severe heat, cold winds, and rain.
2. Protect our skin from dust, dirt, and insect bites.
3. Look neat, smart, and presentable.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Protection from weather elements
1
Protection from dust and insects
1
Neat and smart appearance
1
Q2
What type of clothes do we wear in summer, and why?
Summer Clothing
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
In summer, we wear light-colored, loose cotton clothes. Cotton clothes absorb sweat and allow air to circulate freely, keeping our body cool and comfortable.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Light-colored cotton clothes
1
Sweat absorption and cooling reason
1
Q3
Where do we get wool from, and what clothes do we make from it?
Winter Clothing
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We get wool from the soft fleece (hair) of sheep, goats, and camels. We knit sweaters, cardigans, mufflers, shawls, and woolen caps from it.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Source: sheep/goat fleece
1
Examples: sweaters, caps, shawls
1
Q4
Name two items we use to stay dry when it rains heavily.
Monsoon Protection
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Two items used in monsoon:
1. Raincoat with a hood
2. Umbrella (and rubber gumboots).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Raincoat and umbrella/gumboots
2
Q5
Where does silk come from, and when do people usually wear silk clothes?
Silk Clothes
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Silk comes from the cocoon spun by the silkworm insect. Silk is smooth and shiny, so people usually wear silk sarees and kurtas during festivals, weddings, and special celebrations.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Silkworm cocoon source
1
Festivals/weddings use
1
Q6
What is a uniform? Name three professionals who wear special uniforms.
Uniforms in Daily Life
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A uniform is a special set of identical clothes worn by members of an organization, school, or profession.
Professionals who wear uniforms:
1. Doctors and Nurses (white coats)
2. Police officers (khaki uniform)
3. Pilots and Firefighters (or school students).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Uniform definition
1
Two valid professionals with uniform description
2
Q7
What are natural fibers and synthetic fibers? Give one example of each.
Natural vs Synthetic Fibers
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Natural Fibers: Obtained from plants or animals (e.g., Cotton from cotton plant, Wool from sheep).
โข Synthetic Fibers: Man-made fibers produced in factories from chemicals (e.g., Nylon, Polyester).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Natural fiber with example
1
Synthetic fiber with example
1
Q8
Match the season with the appropriate cloth/item:
(a) Summer -> (i) Woolen gloves
(b) Winter -> (ii) Cotton frock
(c) Rainy -> (iii) Silk sherwani
(d) Wedding -> (iv) Waterproof gumboots
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Summer -> (ii) Cotton frock
(b) Winter -> (i) Woolen gloves
(c) Rainy -> (iv) Waterproof gumboots
(d) Wedding -> (iii) Silk sherwani.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Cotton grows inside pods on cotton plants.
(b) Dark-colored clothes keep us cool in hot summer months.
(c) We should always wear clean and well-ironed clothes.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (Dark clothes absorb heat; light clothes keep us cool)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct statement
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Wool keeps our body ________ (cool / warm) in winter.
(b) Raincoats are made of ________ (waterproof / cotton) material.
(c) We get silk thread from the ________ (silkworm / spider).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) warm
(b) waterproof
(c) silkworm.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
How should we care for our clothes so they last longer?
Care of Clothes
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We should:
1. Wash dirty clothes regularly with soap or detergent.
2. Dry them in gentle sunlight and iron them properly.
3. Keep woolens with neem leaves or mothballs to protect them from insects.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Washing and drying
1
Ironing
1
Protecting woolens with mothballs
1
Q12
What items of clothing are made of leather, and why should cruelty to animals for leather be avoided?
Leather Products
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Shoes, belts, and jackets are often made from leather. We should avoid cruelty and use eco-friendly faux leather so animals are not killed for fashion.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Shoes/belts/jackets
1
Ethical concern against animal killing
1
Q13
Name two traditional dresses worn in different states of India.
Traditional Costumes
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Saree and Kurta-Pajama (widely across India)
2. Ghagra-Choli (in Rajasthan and Gujarat) or Phiran (in Kashmir).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two traditional dresses with state context
2
Q14
What does a weaver do, and what does a tailor do?
Weaving and Tailoring
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Weaver: Weaves yarn/thread into cloth on a loom.
โข Tailor: Cuts and stitches the woven cloth into shirts, frocks, and trousers using a sewing machine.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Weaver's role
1
Tailor's role
1
Q15
Why should we change our socks and undergarments every day?
Good Manners & Hygiene
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Socks and undergarments absorb sweat and body odor; changing them daily prevents fungal infections, rashes, and bad smell.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Prevents infection, rashes, and odor
1
8
Unit 3: Sustaining Life & Health โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 8: Fresh Air, Sunlight & Cleanliness
Breathing Clean Air, Morning Sun, Bathing and Brushing
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Composition of Clean Air (Oxygen)
- Need for Sunlight and Vitamin D
- Personal Hygiene (Bathing, Brushing, Trimming Nails)
- Sources of Air Pollution and Prevention
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
Can we see air? How do we know that air is present all around us?
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
No, we cannot see air because it is invisible, odorless, and colorless. We know air is present because we can feel it when it blows as wind, moves tree leaves, and flies our kite.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Air is invisible/colorless
1
We feel it when it moves as wind
1
Q2
Why do living beings need to breathe clean, fresh air?
Breathing Clean Air
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Living beings need clean air because it contains oxygen, which our lungs absorb to produce energy from food. Breathing fresh air keeps our lungs healthy and minds active.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Contains oxygen needed by lungs
1
Produces energy and keeps mind alert
1
Q3
Why is morning sunlight beneficial for growing children?
Benefits of Sunlight
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Morning sunlight helps our skin synthesize Vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones and teeth. Sunlight also kills harmful germs and dispels mold.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Produces Vitamin D for strong bones
1
Kills germs and brightens mood
1
Q4
List four daily habits that maintain personal cleanliness and hygiene.
Daily Hygiene Routine
4 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Four daily cleanliness habits:
1. Brush teeth twice daily (morning and before sleeping).
2. Take a bath daily with clean water and soap.
3. Wash hands with soap before meals and after using the toilet.
4. Trim fingernails regularly with a nail clipper.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per valid hygiene habit
4
Q5
What happens if we do not brush our teeth properly?
Dental Care
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Food particles get stuck between teeth, causing bacteria to produce acid. This leads to yellow plaque, bad breath, tooth decay, and painful cavities.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Food particles stuck / bacteria attack
1
Bad breath and cavities
1
Q6
Why should we never bite our nails, and why must they be trimmed short?
Nail Hygiene
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Dirt and germs collect under long nails. Biting nails transfers these germs directly into our stomach, causing diarrhea, stomach worms, and infections.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Dirt and germs collect under nails
1
Ingestion causes stomach infections/worms
1
Q7
Name two things that pollute the air we breathe.
Air Pollution Sources
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Two sources of air pollution:
1. Black smoke released from cars, buses, and motorbikes.
2. Smoke from factory chimneys, burning of dry garbage, and bursting firecrackers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Vehicle exhaust smoke
1
Factory smoke or burning garbage/crackers
1
Q8
How do green plants and trees help in purifying our air?
Plants Purify Air
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Plants take in harmful carbon dioxide during the daytime and release fresh, life-giving oxygen through their leaves, acting as nature's green air purifiers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Take in carbon dioxide
1
Release oxygen
1
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Moving air is called wind.
(b) We should breathe in through our mouth rather than our nose.
(c) Wearing a mask in heavy smoke protects our lungs.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (We should breathe through our nose because hair in the nose filters dust)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Tiny hairs inside our nose filter out ________ (dust / food) from entering our lungs.
(b) A gentle, pleasant wind is called a ________ (breeze / storm).
(c) Morning sunlight gives our body Vitamin ________ (D / C).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) dust
(b) breeze
(c) D.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
What should you do when you sneeze or cough in public?
Cough and Sneeze Manners
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We should always cover our mouth and nose with a clean handkerchief or our elbow bend to prevent spreading cough droplets and viruses to others.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Covering with handkerchief or elbow bend
1
Prevents spreading germs to others
1
Q12
What is ventilation, and why should classrooms have large windows?
Cross-Ventilation
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Ventilation is the free circulation of fresh air. Classrooms need large windows so that stale air breathed out by students exits and fresh oxygen-rich air flows in.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Circulation of fresh air
1
Exchanges stale air with oxygen-rich air
1
Q13
When is it mandatory to wash your hands with soap?
Handwashing Steps
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Mandatory times for handwashing:
1. Before touching or eating food.
2. After using the toilet or cleaning pets.
3. After returning home from outside or playground.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct occasion
3
Q14
What is the difference between a breeze and a storm?
Storm and Gale
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Breeze: A gentle, cool, and pleasant moving air.
โข Storm: Very strong, violent, and fast wind that can uproot trees and blow away roofs.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Breeze definition
1
Storm definition
1
Q15
Give one way we can reduce smoke in our neighborhood.
Environmental Awareness
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We can walk or ride bicycles for short distances, use carpooling or public buses, and strictly ban the burning of plastic and dry leaves.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Cycling, public transport, or ban on burning
2
9
Unit 4: Community, Culture & Values โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 9: Staying Safe Everywhere
Traffic Lights (Red, Yellow, Green), Zebra Crossing, First Aid
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Traffic Light Rules (Red, Yellow, Green)
- Pedestrian Safety: Zebra Crossing, Footpaths
- Safety at Home (Sharp tools, Electrical sockets, Fire)
- First Aid Box Essentials
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What do the three colors of the traffic signal indicate?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The three colors indicate:
1. RED: Stop!
2. YELLOW (Amber): Get ready / Slow down!
3. GREEN: Go!
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Red - Stop
1
Yellow - Get ready
1
Green - Go
1
Q2
What is a 'Zebra Crossing'? Why is it called so?
Pedestrian Safety
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A zebra crossing is a safe path marked on roads with alternating black and white stripes for pedestrians to cross. It is named zebra crossing because its stripes resemble the stripes on a zebra's body.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Safe pedestrian crossing path
1
Named after zebra's black & white stripes
1
Q3
Where should we walk on a road if there is no footpath?
Footpath & Walking
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
If there is no footpath, we should always walk on the extreme right side of the road facing incoming traffic so we can see approaching vehicles clearly.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Right side of road
1
Facing oncoming traffic for safety
1
Q4
List three safety rules we must follow inside our house.
Safety at Home
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Three home safety rules:
1. Never play with sharp objects like knives, scissors, or razor blades.
2. Do not touch electrical switches or plug points with wet hands.
3. Never play with matchsticks, fire, or gas stoves in the kitchen.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
No sharp objects
1
No wet hands on electrical switches
1
No playing with fire/gas
1
Q5
State two rules to remain safe while traveling in a school bus.
School Bus Safety
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Never put your head, hand, or arm out of the moving bus window.
2. Never board or get off a moving bus; stand patiently in a queue.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
No head/hands out of window
1
No boarding moving bus / follow queue
1
Q6
Give two rules to avoid injuries in the school playground.
Playground Safety
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Never push or pull anyone while playing on swings, slides, or see-saws.
2. Wait for your turn patiently and play games by the rules.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
No pushing on swings/slides
1
Wait for turn / follow game rules
1
Q7
What is 'First Aid'? Name three essential items found in a first aid box.
First Aid Basics
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
First aid is the immediate medical help given to an injured person before a doctor arrives.
Essential items:
1. Antiseptic liquid (Dettol/Savlon)
2. Band-aid and sterile cotton gauze
3. Antiseptic cream and scissors.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
First aid definition
1.5
Three valid first aid items
1.5
Q8
Match the safety item with its purpose:
(a) Helmet -> (i) Road crossing
(b) Zebra Crossing -> (ii) Head protection on two-wheelers
(c) Band-aid -> (iii) Car passenger safety
(d) Seat belt -> (iv) Covering small cuts
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Helmet -> (ii) Head protection on two-wheelers
(b) Zebra Crossing -> (i) Road crossing
(c) Band-aid -> (iv) Covering small cuts
(d) Seat belt -> (iii) Car passenger safety.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) It is safe to fly kites on an open terrace without railings.
(b) We must wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or scooter.
(c) You should never accept chocolates or rides from unknown strangers.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Can cause dangerous falls)
(b) True
(c) True (Stranger danger).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Always walk on the ________ (footpath / center of road).
(b) Emergency telephone number for calling an ambulance in India is ________ (102 or 108 / 100).
(c) Never touch medicines without asking an ________ (adult / baby).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) footpath
(b) 102 (or 108)
(c) adult.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
What should you do immediately if your finger touches a hot iron or pan?
Minor Burn Care
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Put the burnt finger under cold running tap water for 10-15 minutes immediately. Never apply ice directly or pop blisters, and apply an antiseptic burn cream.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Cold running water for 10-15 mins
1
Antiseptic burn cream
1
Q12
What safety precautions must young children take in a swimming pool?
Swimming Safety
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Children must wear a swimming tube or life jacket and swim only in the shallow end under the direct supervision of an adult coach or parent.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Swimming tube and adult supervision
2
Q13
State the emergency helpline numbers in India for:
(a) Police
(b) Fire Brigade
Emergency Numbers
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Police: 100 (or 112)
(b) Fire Brigade: 101.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Police 100/112
1
Fire 101
1
Q14
Why should we not tease or pull the tail of sleeping dogs or cats?
Stray Animal Safety
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Teasing an animal frightens or angers it, and it may bite or scratch in defense, which can transmit deadly diseases like rabies.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Animal bites in self-defense / rabies risk
2
Q15
Complete the traffic rhyme:
'Stop, says the ________ light,
GO, says the ________ light,
Wait, says the ________ light, blinking in between.'
Safety Poem Line
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'Stop, says the RED light,
GO, says the GREEN light,
Wait, says the YELLOW light, blinking in between.'
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Red, Green, Yellow in correct blanks
3
10
Unit 4: Community, Culture & Values โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 10: Festivals & Celebrations
Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Gurpurab, National Festivals
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Types: Religious, National, and Harvest Festivals
- Major Religious Celebrations (Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Gurpurab)
- National Festivals (Republic Day, Independence Day, Gandhi Jayanti)
- Unity in Diversity and Spreading Joy
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is a festival, and why do we celebrate festivals?
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A festival is a special day or time of celebration. We celebrate festivals to share joy and happiness, strengthen bonds with family and friends, and honor our culture, religion, or historical events.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of festival
1
Sharing joy and honoring culture
1
Q2
Name the major religious festivals associated with the following:
(a) Festival of Lights
(b) Festival of Colors
(c) Festival celebrated after the holy month of Ramadan
(d) Birthday of Jesus Christ
Religious Festivals
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Festival of Lights - Diwali (Deepawali)
(b) Festival of Colors - Holi
(c) Month of Ramadan - Eid-ul-Fitr
(d) Birthday of Jesus Christ - Christmas.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct festivals identified
2
Q3
How do people celebrate Diwali, and why should we avoid bursting firecrackers?
Diwali Celebration
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
People clean and decorate homes with rangoli and clay diyas, wear new clothes, pray to Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha, and exchange sweets. We should avoid bursting crackers because they create toxic air pollution and terrifying loud noise that harms elderly people, babies, and animals.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Diyas, rangoli, sweets, and prayers
1.5
Air/noise pollution impact of crackers
1.5
Q4
How is Eid-ul-Fitr celebrated? What special sweet dish is prepared?
Eid-ul-Fitr
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
On Eid, people offer special prayers (Namaz) in mosques, embrace each other saying 'Eid Mubarak', give charity (Zakat) to the poor, and relish the delicious sweet dish called 'Sewaiyan' (Kheer).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Namaz, Eid Mubarak greeting, charity
1
Sewaiyan sweet dish
1
Q5
When is Christmas celebrated, and who brings gifts for children?
Christmas Celebration
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Christmas is celebrated on 25th December every year. People decorate Christmas trees with stars and bells, sing carols at church, and children eagerly await gifts from Santa Claus.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
25th December
1
Santa Claus, Christmas tree and carols
1
Q6
What is Gurpurab, and what is 'Langar'?
Gurpurab
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Gurpurab marks the birthdays of the ten Sikh Gurus (especially Guru Nanak Dev Ji). A procession (Nagar Kirtan) is taken out, and a free community meal where everyone sits together on the floor to eat is called 'Langar'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Birthday of Sikh Gurus
1
Langar free community meal
1
Q7
Name the three National Festivals of India and give their dates of celebration.
National Festivals
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The three National Festivals are:
1. Republic Day - 26th January
2. Independence Day - 15th August
3. Gandhi Jayanti - 2nd October.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct festival and date
3
Q8
What happens on 15th August at the Red Fort in Delhi?
Independence Day
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The Prime Minister of India unfurls the National Tricolor Flag (Tiranga) at the historic Red Fort and addresses the nation.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Unfurling National Flag by Prime Minister
1
Speech to the nation
1
Q9
What are harvest festivals? Name two harvest festivals celebrated in different parts of India.
Harvest Festivals
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Harvest festivals celebrate the ripening and harvesting of new food crops by farmers. Examples: Baisakhi (Punjab), Pongal (Tamil Nadu), Onam (Kerala), Bihu (Assam).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Harvesting crops celebration
1
Two valid examples with states
2
Q10
State True or False:
(a) Onam is celebrated in Kerala with boat races and floral rangoli (Pookkalam).
(b) National festivals are celebrated only by people of one religion.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi's birthday is celebrated as International Day of Non-Violence.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (National festivals are celebrated by all Indians together)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q11
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The Indian National Flag is called the ________ (Tiranga / Ashoka).
(b) Lord Rama returned to Ayodhya on the day of ________ (Diwali / Holi).
(c) Bihu is the famous harvest festival of ________ (Assam / Gujarat).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Tiranga
(b) Diwali
(c) Assam.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q12
What do the three colors in our National Flag stand for?
National Flag (Tiranga)
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Saffron (top): Courage and sacrifice
2. White (middle): Peace, purity, and truth
3. Green (bottom): Prosperity and fertility of our land
(The Ashoka Chakra in the center represents continuous progress).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Saffron - Courage/sacrifice
1
White - Peace/truth
1
Green - Prosperity
1
Q13
Whose birthday is celebrated on 2nd October, and what title is he lovingly given?
Father of the Nation
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Mahatma Gandhi's birthday is celebrated on 2nd October. He is lovingly called the 'Father of the Nation' (Bapu).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mahatma Gandhi
1
Father of the Nation / Bapu
1
Q14
Give two ways to celebrate festivals in an eco-friendly manner.
Eco-Friendly Festivals
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Use natural clay idols and organic flower colors (Gulal) instead of toxic chemical paints.
2. Light earthen clay diyas with mustard oil instead of plastic electric lights.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Organic colors and clay diyas/idols
2
Q15
How can we share festival joy with underprivileged children?
Sharing and Caring
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We can share festival joy by gifting them new clothes, sharing delicious sweets, and distributing books and toys to spread smiles.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Gifting clothes, sweets, books, and toys
2
11
Unit 4: Community, Culture & Values โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 11: Good Manners & Sharing
Magic Words: Please, Thank You, Sorry, Caring for Elders
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Golden Magic Words: Please, Thank You, Sorry, Excuse Me
- Politeness and Respect in Speech
- Sharing Toys, Food, and Books
- Empathy towards Special Needs and the Elderly
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What are 'Good Manners'? Why are good manners important in life?
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Good manners are polite, respectful, and considerate behaviors towards others. They are important because they make everyone around us feel respected, happy, and help us make good friends.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of good manners
1
Respect, happiness, and friendship
1
Q2
Name the four golden magic words and explain when to use each.
Golden Magic Words
4 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. 'Please': When requesting something or asking for help.
2. 'Thank you': When receiving a gift, compliment, or help.
3. 'Sorry': When making a mistake or hurting someone.
4. 'Excuse me': When interrupting a conversation or passing someone.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per golden word with correct usage
4
Q3
Mention three good manners to follow in the school classroom.
Classroom Etiquette
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Raise your hand before speaking or answering a question.
2. Listen attentively when the teacher or a classmate is speaking.
3. Keep the classroom clean and throw pencil shavings into the dustbin.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Raise hand
1
Listen attentively
1
Dustbin use / cleanliness
1
Q4
Why is sharing important among friends and siblings?
Sharing is Caring
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Sharing shows that we care for others' feelings. It prevents selfishness, brings joy to both the giver and receiver, and strengthens friendship.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Shows empathy and care
1
Brings joy and strengthens friendship
1
Q5
State two good table manners while eating meals with others.
Table Manners
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Wait until everyone is seated before starting to eat.
2. Chew quietly with your mouth closed and do not make slurping sounds.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Waiting for everyone
1
Chewing with mouth closed
1
Q6
How can you show respect to elderly people at home or in public transport?
Respect for Elders
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We can touch their feet or greet them with 'Namaste', speak to them gently, help them carry heavy bags, and offer them our seat in a crowded bus or metro.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Respectful greeting and gentle speech
1
Offering seat / helping with bags
1
Q7
Why should we not interrupt when two people are talking?
Being a Good Listener
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Interrupting is impolite. We should wait patiently until they finish speaking, or say 'Excuse me, please' if there is an urgent matter.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Impolite to interrupt
1
Use 'Excuse me' only for urgent matters
1
Q8
State True or False:
(a) It is good manners to laugh when someone falls down accidentally.
(b) We should knock on the door before entering someone's room.
(c) Saying 'Thank you' shows gratitude for kindness received.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (We should help them get up and ask if they are hurt)
(b) True
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q9
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Always say '________' (Sorry / Hurray) when you accidentally bump into someone.
(b) Greet your teachers in the morning by saying '________' (Good morning / Goodbye).
(c) A well-mannered child is loved by ________ (everyone / nobody).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Sorry
(b) Good morning
(c) everyone.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q10
Why should we always stand in a line (queue) at the bus stop or water tap?
Queue Etiquette
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Standing in a queue ensures order, fairness, and safety. It prevents pushing, arguments, and accidents, and ensures everyone gets their turn peacefully.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Order and fairness
1
Prevents accidents and pushing
1
Q11
What should you remember when you borrow an eraser or pencil from a classmate?
Borrowing Manners
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Always ask permission first ('May I please borrow your eraser?'), use it carefully without breaking it, and return it promptly with a polite 'Thank you!'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Ask permission first
1
Return promptly and say Thank you
1
Q12
How should you answer a phone call at home?
Telephone Etiquette
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer politely with 'Hello, who is calling, please?' and speak in a soft, respectful tone without shouting.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Polite greeting and soft respectful tone
2
Q13
How should you behave with a person who uses a wheelchair or walking stick?
Helping Specially-Abled
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We should treat them with equal dignity, never stare or mock, and offer gentle help if they need assistance to open doors or climb ramps.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Equal dignity, no mocking
1
Assistance with doors/ramps if needed
1
Q14
Why is a sincere apology better than making excuses?
Apologizing Sincerely
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Admitting a mistake shows honesty and courage. Saying sorry from the heart heals hurt feelings and restores trust.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Shows honesty, courage, and restores trust
2
Q15
Complete the manners saying:
'Hearts, like doors, will open with ease,
To very, very little keys;
And donโt forget that two of these
Are "I thank you" and "________ ________"!'
Manners Rhyme
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'"If you please"' (or '"Please"').
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
If you please / Please
1
12
Unit 5: Planet Earth & Cosmos โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 12: Our Earth and the Sky
Sun, Moon, Stars, Mountains, Rivers and Saving Nature
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Earth as Our Home (Land, Water, Atmosphere)
- Landforms: Plains, Mountains, Hills, Valleys, Deserts
- The Day Sky (Sun, Clouds) and Night Sky (Moon, Stars)
- Environmental Protection (Planting Trees, Saving Nature)
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is Earth? Why is it unique in the solar system?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the home of all living beings. It is unique because it is the only known planet that has liquid water, air with oxygen, and an optimal temperature suitable for life.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Third planet and home of living things
1
Presence of water and oxygen
1
Suitable temperature for life
1
Q2
Differentiate between Plains, Hills, and Mountains.
Landforms on Earth
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Plains: Flat, level land where most people live, build cities, and grow crops.
โข Hills: High raised land with a cooler climate.
โข Mountains: Very tall, rocky land with sharp peaks, often covered with snow (e.g., Himalayas).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Plains definition
1
Hills definition
1
Mountains definition with peak/snow
1
Q3
What is a 'Valley'? Where do rivers originate?
Valleys and Rivers
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A low land between two hills or mountains is called a 'Valley'. Rivers originate from melting snow glaciers on high mountains or from natural springs.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Low land between hills/mountains
1
Originate from melting glaciers/springs
1
Q4
What is a desert? Name one plant and one animal adapted to desert life.
Deserts
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A desert is a large, dry area of land covered with sand that receives very little rainfall.
โข Desert Plant: Cactus
โข Desert Animal: Camel.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Desert definition
1
Cactus plant
1
Camel animal
1
Q5
What is the Sun? Why is life impossible without the Sun?
The Sun
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The Sun is a huge, glowing ball of hot gases and our closest star. Life is impossible without it because it provides light and heat; without the Sun, Earth would be a frozen, pitch-black ball where no plant could grow.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Huge glowing star / ball of gases
1
Provides light and heat
1
Plants need sunlight to grow
1
Q6
Does the Moon have its own light? Why does its shape appear to change every night?
The Moon and its Shapes
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
No, the Moon does not have its own light; it shines by reflecting sunlight. Its shape appears to change every night (Phases of the Moon) as it orbits around the Earth and we see different illuminated portions.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Reflects sunlight
1
Orbits Earth creating phases
1
Q7
Why do stars look like tiny twinkling dots in the night sky?
The Stars
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Stars are huge glowing fireballs just like our Sun, but they look like tiny dots because they are located millions of kilometers far away from Earth.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Huge fireballs like the Sun
1
Located extremely far away
1
Q8
Match the natural feature with its description:
(a) Flat land -> (i) Desert
(b) High rocky land with snow -> (ii) Valley
(c) Sandy dry region -> (iii) Plain
(d) Low land between hills -> (iv) Mountain
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Flat land -> (iii) Plain
(b) High rocky land with snow -> (iv) Mountain
(c) Sandy dry region -> (i) Desert
(d) Low land between hills -> (ii) Valley.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
(b) There is no air or liquid water on the Moon.
(c) Cutting down trees helps to keep the Earth cool and green.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) False (Cutting trees causes global warming and pollution).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The model of the Earth is called a ________ (globe / map).
(b) The Earth takes ________ (24 hours / 365 days) to complete one rotation on its axis.
(c) We celebrate Earth Day on ________ (22nd April / 5th June).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) globe
(b) 24 hours
(c) 22nd April.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
How are day and night caused on Earth?
Day and Night Formation
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The Earth spins continuously on its axis like a top. The side of the Earth facing the Sun experiences Day, while the side turned away in darkness experiences Night.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Earth's rotation on axis
1
Facing Sun = Day; Facing away = Night
1
Q12
What is the blanket of air surrounding the Earth called?
Atmosphere
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The blanket of air surrounding the Earth is called the 'Atmosphere'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Atmosphere
1
Q13
Mention three promises you can make to protect Mother Earth.
Saving Mother Earth
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Three eco-promises:
1. Plant at least one sapling every year on my birthday.
2. Say 'NO' to single-use plastic bags and use cloth bags.
3. Turn off lights, fans, and taps when not in use.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Planting trees
1
No plastic
1
Saving electricity and water
1
Q14
What is a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern called? Give one example.
Constellations
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A group of stars forming a recognizable pattern is called a 'Constellation'. Example: The Great Bear (Ursa Major / Saptarishi) or Orion.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Constellation definition
1
Saptarishi / Great Bear example
1
Q15
What do we call the night when the Moon looks like a complete bright circle?
Full Moon vs New Moon
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The night when the Moon appears as a full bright circle is called the 'Full Moon Night' (Purnima).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Full Moon (Purnima)
1
1
Unit 1: Self & Growing Up โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 1: All About Me & Growing Up
Baby to Child, Body Changes, Personal Hobbies
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Stages of Human Growth (Baby, Child, Teenager, Adult, Old)
- Changes with Growth (Height, Weight, Milk Teeth to Permanent Teeth)
- Unique Identity: Fingerprints, Likes and Dislikes
- Developing Healthy Hobbies and Talents
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What are the main stages of human growth from birth to old age?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The stages of human growth are:
1. Baby (Infant)
2. Child (Toddler to school child)
3. Teenager (Adolescent)
4. Adult (Grown-up man or woman)
5. Old Age (Senior citizen).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Listing the 5 sequential stages of growth
3
Q2
Mention two physical differences between an infant baby and a child in Class 2.
Physical Changes
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. A baby cannot walk or talk and drinks only milk, whereas a Class 2 child can run, speak fluently, and eat varied solid foods.
2. A baby has no teeth or few milk teeth, while a Class 2 child has a full set of teeth and can chew food easily.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Walking/talking/eating difference
1
Teeth/chewing difference
1
Q3
What is unique to every single human being in the world that never matches anyone else?
Unique Identity
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Every person's fingerprints (and iris pattern of the eye) are completely unique in the world and never match anyone else, even identical twins.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Fingerprints
1
Completely unique to every individual
1
Q4
How many milk teeth does a young child have? What happens when they fall out?
Milk Teeth vs Permanent Teeth
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A young child has 20 milk teeth (temporary teeth). Around the age of 6 to 8 years, milk teeth fall out one by one and are replaced by 32 permanent teeth.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
20 milk teeth
1
Replaced by 32 permanent teeth
1
Q5
What is a 'Hobby'? Give three examples of constructive hobbies children enjoy.
Hobbies & Talents
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A hobby is an enjoyable activity that we do in our free time for pleasure, creativity, and relaxation.
Examples of constructive hobbies:
1. Drawing and painting
2. Gardening and planting saplings
3. Reading storybooks (or learning music/swimming).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of hobby
1
Two or three valid hobbies
2
Q6
What three things do our bodies need to grow tall, strong, and healthy?
Healthy Habits for Growth
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Our body needs:
1. Nutritious balanced food (milk, pulses, vegetables, fruits).
2. Regular outdoor physical exercise and yoga.
3. 8 to 9 hours of sound sleep every night.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Balanced diet
1
Exercise / play
1
Adequate sleep
1
Q7
Match the stage of growth with its characteristic:
(a) Infant -> (i) Grey hair and walking stick
(b) School Child -> (ii) Goes to office and works
(c) Adult -> (iii) Carries school bag and learns
(d) Old Person -> (iv) Crawls on knees and drinks milk
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Infant -> (iv) Crawls on knees and drinks milk
(b) School Child -> (iii) Carries school bag and learns
(c) Adult -> (ii) Goes to office and works
(d) Old Person -> (i) Grey hair and walking stick.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q8
State True or False:
(a) As we grow older, our clothes and shoes become smaller for us.
(b) Non-living things like rocks and plastic toys also grow in size over time.
(c) We should respect and appreciate people even if their likes and choices differ from ours.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (Only living beings grow)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q9
Fill in the blanks:
(a) A tiny seedling grows into a big ________ (tree / seed).
(b) Human beings have ________ (20 / 32) permanent teeth in adulthood.
(c) Things that we like doing in our leisure time are called ________ (hobbies / chores).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) tree
(b) 32
(c) hobbies.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q10
Why do different children have different favorite colors, sports, and foods?
Likes and Dislikes
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Every child is an individual with unique feelings, tastes, and interests shaped by their family, experiences, and personality.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Individual differences and personality
2
Q11
What is posture? Why should we sit and walk with an erect straight back?
Posture and Bone Health
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Posture is the position in which we hold our body while sitting, standing, or walking. Keeping an erect straight back strengthens our spine, prevents backache, and keeps us active.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Posture definition
1
Spine health and prevents backache
1
Q12
Name two self-care activities you have learned to do on your own since joining Class 2.
Self-Care Skills
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Tying my own shoelaces and buttoning my school uniform.
2. Packing my school bag according to the daily timetable and brushing my teeth independently.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two age-appropriate self-care tasks
2
Q13
How can you calm down when you feel angry or frustrated?
Emotions and Feelings
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We can take five deep slow breaths, count to ten, drink a glass of water, and talk calmly with our parents or teacher.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Deep breathing, counting, talking calmly
2
Q14
Why do we celebrate birthdays every year?
Birthdays and Milestones
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We celebrate birthdays to mark the completion of another year of healthy growth, learning, and life, and to receive blessings from elders.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Celebrating a year of growth and learning
1
Q15
Give two examples of growth seen in animals and plants around us.
Growth in Living Things
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. A tiny puppy grows into a faithful adult dog.
2. A small green caterpillar transforms into a colorful butterfly.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two valid animal/plant growth examples
2
2
Unit 2: Neighborhood & Community Helpers โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 2: My Neighborhood & Community
Market, Park, Police Station, Hospital & Post Office
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Meaning of Neighborhood and Neighbors
- Important Public Places: School, Hospital, Market, Police Station
- Recreation Places: Public Park, Library, Post Office
- Maintaining Harmony and Cleanliness in the Neighborhood
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
Who are 'Neighbors'? Why should we maintain cordial relations with our neighbors?
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
People who live in houses near or next to our house are our neighbors. We should maintain good relations because neighbors are the first to help us during emergencies, celebrations, and festivals.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Neighbors definition
1
Help in emergencies and celebrations
1
Q2
What happens in a hospital? Who assists the doctors there?
Hospital & Clinic
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
In a hospital, sick and injured people are examined, diagnosed, and treated with medicines or surgery. Nurses assist doctors in taking care of patients, giving injections, and dressing wounds.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hospital role: treatment of sick
1
Nurses assist doctors
1
Q3
What services does a Post Office provide?
Post Office Functions
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A post office:
1. Sells postage stamps, postcards, and inland letters.
2. Delivers letters, greeting cards, and parcel packages through postmen.
3. Provides savings bank account facilities.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Stamps and postcards
1
Letter and parcel delivery
1
Savings bank service
1
Q4
How does the Police Station help our neighborhood?
Police Station
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The police maintain law and order, catch thieves and criminals, regulate traffic, and ensure that residents feel safe and protected in their homes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Law and order / catches criminals
1
Safety and security of residents
1
Q5
What does a Fire Station do when a fire breaks out in a building?
Fire Station
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
When a fire breaks out, the fire station sends red fire engines with loud sirens. Brave firefighters use water hoses and long ladders to put out flames and rescue trapped people.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sends fire engines and firefighters
1
Puts out fire and rescues people
1
Q6
Why is a public park important for a neighborhood?
Public Park & Recreation
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A public park provides fresh air, green trees, walking paths for morning exercise for elders, and swings, slides, and open grounds for children to play safely.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Fresh air and walking space for elders
1
Play area and swings for children
1
Q7
Give two rules we must follow to keep our neighborhood clean and beautiful.
Neighborhood Cleanliness
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Never throw plastic wrappers or kitchen waste on roads; deposit waste in public dustbins.
2. Do not let wastewater stagnate in open drains, as it breeds disease-causing mosquitoes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Waste in dustbins, no littering
1
No stagnant water to stop mosquitoes
1
Q8
Match the neighborhood place with its emergency contact or symbol:
(a) Police Station -> (i) Dial 101 / Red fire engine
(b) Hospital Ambulance -> (ii) Letterbox / Postman
(c) Fire Station -> (iii) Dial 100 / Khaki uniform
(d) Post Office -> (iv) Dial 102 or 108 / Red Cross
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Police Station -> (iii) Dial 100 / Khaki uniform
(b) Hospital Ambulance -> (iv) Dial 102 or 108 / Red Cross
(c) Fire Station -> (i) Dial 101 / Red fire engine
(d) Post Office -> (ii) Letterbox / Postman.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) We should play loud music late at night in our neighborhood.
(b) A market has many shops selling vegetables, fruits, and stationery.
(c) Bank is a safe place to deposit money and jewelry.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Disturbs neighbors and causes noise pollution)
(b) True
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) We deposit our savings safely in a ________ (bank / park).
(b) We drop our stamped letters into a red ________ (letterbox / dustbin).
(c) Firefighters travel in a red ________ (fire engine / tractor).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) bank
(b) letterbox
(c) fire engine.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
What is an 'ATM', and why is it useful?
Bank and ATM
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine. It allows people to withdraw cash safely 24 hours a day at any time using a bank debit card without standing in bank queues.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Automated Teller Machine
1
24-hour convenient cash withdrawal
1
Q12
What is the purpose of a neighborhood library?
Public Library
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A library provides a quiet, peaceful space where residents and students can read books, newspapers, and magazines, and borrow books to study at home.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Quiet reading and borrowing books
2
Q13
Where do we go to buy medicines prescribed by a doctor?
Chemist Shop (Pharmacy)
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We go to a chemist shop (pharmacy or medical store).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Chemist shop / pharmacy
1
Q14
How can you be a good neighbor?
Good Neighbor Values
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
By greeting neighbors warmly with a smile, helping them in times of need, keeping noise levels low, and keeping common corridors and pathways clean.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Courtesy, low noise, cleanliness, and helpfulness
2
Q15
Name four different places of worship found in our communities.
Places of Worship
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Four places of worship:
1. Temple (Mandir)
2. Mosque (Masjid)
3. Church
4. Gurudwara.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct places of worship
2
3
Unit 2: Neighborhood & Community Helpers โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 3: Community Helpers
Doctor, Teacher, Police Officer, Farmer, Firefighter, Cleaner
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Meaning of Community Helpers
- Key Roles: Farmer, Teacher, Doctor, Police Officer, Soldier
- Skilled Trades: Mason, Carpenter, Electrician, Plumber, Tailor
- Dignity of Labor and Respecting All Workers
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
Who are 'Community Helpers'?
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Community helpers are people whose professional work and services help society function smoothly, safely, and comfortably (e.g., Doctors, Teachers, Farmers, Cleaners).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of community helpers
1
Valid examples
1
Q2
Why is the farmer called the 'Annadata' (food provider) of the nation?
The Farmer
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The farmer toils in hot sun, rain, and cold to plough fields, sow seeds, and harvest food grains, vegetables, and fruits that feed everyone in our country.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Toils in fields to grow food crops
1
Feeds the entire nation
1
Q3
What instruments do doctors use to examine sick patients?
The Doctor & Nurse
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Doctors use a 'stethoscope' to listen to our heart and chest sounds, and a 'thermometer' to measure body temperature when we have a fever.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Stethoscope for heartbeat
1
Thermometer for temperature
1
Q4
What is the noble role of a teacher in a student's life?
The Teacher
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A teacher educates children, teaches reading, writing, and arithmetic, instills moral values, and guides students to become responsible and good human beings.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Educating and teaching academic skills
1
Moral values and character building
1
Q5
Name the worker who:
(a) Repairs leaking water pipes and taps
(b) Fixes electrical wires, switches, and fans
(c) Makes wooden tables, chairs, and doors
(d) Constructs brick walls and concrete houses
Skilled Trades
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Repairs pipes - Plumber
(b) Fixes electrical wires - Electrician
(c) Makes wooden furniture - Carpenter
(d) Constructs brick houses - Mason.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct trades named
2
Q6
What does a cobbler do, and what does a tailor do?
Footwear & Clothing Helpers
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Cobbler: Mends, repairs, and polishes worn-out shoes and sandals.
โข Tailor: Stitches beautiful clothes, uniforms, shirts, and dresses using a sewing machine.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Cobbler's role
1
Tailor's role
1
Q7
What is the duty of a soldier (Jawan) guarding our nation's borders?
National Soldier
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Soldiers guard our borders in extreme cold, deserts, and jungles to protect our country from enemy attacks so that all citizens can live in peace and safety.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Guards borders against enemies
1
Ensures peace and safety of citizens
1
Q8
Match the helper with the tool they use:
(a) Tailor -> (i) Trowel and cement
(b) Barber -> (ii) Sewing machine and measuring tape
(c) Mason -> (iii) Stethoscope and syringe
(d) Doctor -> (iv) Scissors and comb
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Tailor -> (ii) Sewing machine and measuring tape
(b) Barber -> (iv) Scissors and comb
(c) Mason -> (i) Trowel and cement
(d) Doctor -> (iii) Stethoscope and syringe.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) A pilot flies airplanes and helicopters.
(b) We should speak rudely to security guards and domestic house helps.
(c) A potter shapes clay on a spinning wheel to make earthen pots and diyas.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (We must always speak politely and respectfully)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) A ________ (baker / cobbler) bakes fresh bread, biscuits, and cakes.
(b) A ________ (firefighter / painter) bravely puts out dangerous fires.
(c) We celebrate Teachers' Day in India on ________ (5th September / 14th November).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) baker
(b) firefighter
(c) 5th September.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
What does 'Dignity of Labor' mean?
Dignity of Labor
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'Dignity of Labor' means that all forms of honest work are equally respectable and valuable. No profession is small, low, or inferior.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All honest work is honorable
1
No profession is small or inferior
1
Q12
What does a traffic police officer do at a busy intersection?
Traffic Police Officer
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A traffic police officer directs moving traffic with hand signals and whistle, ensures vehicles follow road rules, and prevents traffic jams and accidents.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Controls traffic, prevents jams and accidents
2
Q13
What is the difference between a blacksmith and a goldsmith?
Blacksmith vs Goldsmith
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Blacksmith: Heats and hammers iron to make tools, gates, and horseshoes.
โข Goldsmith: Crafts precious gold and silver into delicate jewelry and ornaments.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Blacksmith works with iron
1
Goldsmith crafts gold/silver jewelry
1
Q14
How can you show appreciation to community helpers around your home?
Expressing Gratitude
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We can thank them with a warm smile, offer cool drinking water in hot summer, say 'Thank you', and greet them politely every day.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Thanking with smile, offering water, polite greetings
2
Q15
Guess who I am:
'I wear a white uniform, have a stethoscope around my neck, write prescriptions for medicines, and help cure your fever. Who am I?'
Riddle on Helpers
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
I am a 'Doctor'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Doctor
1
4
Unit 3: School Life & Transport โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 4: School Days & Learning Together
Classroom Etiquette, Library, Sports Field & Respecting Teachers
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Importance of School in Life
- Places in a School (Classroom, Library, Science Lab, Playground, Staff Room)
- School Rules and Discipline
- Friendship, Co-operation, and Team Spirit
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is a 'School'? Why is going to school essential for every child?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A school is a temple of learning. Going to school is essential because it teaches us how to read, write, do mathematics, develop good habits, play sports, and become knowledgeable and compassionate citizens.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Temple of learning
1
Academic knowledge (reading, writing, maths)
1
Character building and citizenship
1
Q2
Name four important places in a school building and their purposes.
Places in School
4 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Classroom: Where students sit and study lessons with teachers.
2. Library: A quiet place to read storybooks and reference books.
3. Playground: For outdoor games, sports, and PT exercises.
4. Principal's Office: Where the head of the school manages administration.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per place with correct purpose
4
Q3
Who is the head of a school, and what is their role?
Head of the School
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The 'Principal' (or Headmaster/Headmistress) is the head of the school. They supervise teachers, maintain discipline, and ensure overall school excellence.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Principal / Headmaster
1
Supervises and manages school
1
Q4
State three rules that students should follow in the classroom.
Classroom Rules
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Reach school and enter class on time.
2. Raise your hand before asking or answering questions.
3. Keep the classroom clean and never scribble on desks or walls.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Punctuality
1
Raising hand
1
Cleanliness and no defacing property
1
Q5
What happens during the school morning assembly?
Morning Assembly
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
All students and teachers gather together to sing morning prayers, recite the National Anthem, pledge allegiance to the nation, listen to thought for the day, and do light physical exercises.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Prayer and National Anthem
1
Thought of day and physical exercises
1
Q6
Why must strict silence be maintained inside a school library?
Library Etiquette
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Silence is necessary so that students can concentrate, read peacefully without distractions, and not disturb fellow readers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Concentration and peaceful reading
1
No distraction to others
1
Q7
Why should we not damage school desks, benches, or library books?
Care of School Property
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
School property belongs to everyone. Damaging desks or tearing book pages deprives other students of study materials and shows disrespect.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Common property / Respect for study materials
2
Q8
Match the school area with its activity:
(a) Science Lab -> (i) Eating tiffin and running games
(b) Playground -> (ii) Practical scientific experiments
(c) Art Room -> (iii) First aid when sick or injured
(d) Medical Room -> (iv) Painting and craft work
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Science Lab -> (ii) Practical scientific experiments
(b) Playground -> (i) Eating tiffin and running games
(c) Art Room -> (iv) Painting and craft work
(d) Medical Room -> (iii) First aid when sick or injured.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) We should push our classmates while running in school corridors.
(b) Sharing our lunch tiffin with a friend who forgot theirs is a sign of kindness.
(c) We should greet our teachers with 'Good morning' or 'Namaste'.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Never run or push in corridors; walk in a line)
(b) True
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct statement
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) We should throw fruit peels and paper scraps into the ________ (dustbin / bag).
(b) The special clothes worn by all students in school are called ________ (uniform / costume).
(c) We stand in attention while singing the ________ (National Anthem / nursery rhyme).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) dustbin
(b) uniform
(c) National Anthem.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
What should you do before opening your tiffin box during recess?
Recess (Lunch Break)
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to wash away chalk dust and germs before eating.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Wash hands with soap and water
2
Q12
What does playing team games like football or cricket teach us?
Teamwork in Sports
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Team games teach us cooperation, mutual trust, coordination, following rules, and putting team success ahead of individual ego.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Cooperation, coordination, and following rules
2
Q13
What should you do if you find an unclaimed water bottle or pencil box in school?
Lost and Found
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Take it immediately to your class teacher or hand it over to the school 'Lost and Found' counter.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hand over to teacher / Lost and Found
1
Q14
Who else works in a school besides teachers, and how should we treat them?
Respecting School Staff
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Bhaiyajis, didis (peons/sweepers), security guards, and bus drivers work in school. We should treat them with equal respect, say thank you, and never litter.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sanitation staff, guards, drivers treated with respect
2
Q15
Why is teasing or bullying other children wrong?
Bullying Prevention
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Bullying hurts others emotionally and physically, makes school fearful, and is strictly against school discipline. We should be kind and include everyone in our games.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hurts others and destroys safety; be kind
2
5
Unit 3: School Life & Transport โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 5: Means of Transport
Land (Bus, Train), Water (Boat, Ship), Air (Aeroplane, Helicopter)
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Three Modes of Transport: Land, Water, Air
- Land Transport: Road Vehicles and Trains on Tracks
- Water Transport: Boats, Steamers, Cargo Ships
- Air Transport: Fastest Mode (Aeroplanes, Helicopters)
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is 'Transport'? Name the three main modes of transport.
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. The three main modes are:
1. Land Transport
2. Water Transport
3. Air Transport.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of transport
1
Listing Land, Water, and Air transport
2
Q2
Differentiate between road transport vehicles and rail transport.
Land Transport
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Road Vehicles: Run on paved roads using rubber tyres (e.g., Bus, Car, Auto-rickshaw, Bicycle).
โข Rail Transport: Trains run on fixed steel railway tracks and can carry hundreds of passengers and heavy cargo over long distances.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Road vehicles and examples
1.5
Rail transport on tracks and capacity
1.5
Q3
Which is the fastest mode of transport? Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of it.
Fastest Mode of Travel
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Air transport (Aeroplane) is the fastest mode of transport.
โข Advantage: Covers thousands of kilometers across oceans and continents in a few hours.
โข Disadvantage: It is very expensive and cannot carry very bulky cargo like coal or steel.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Air transport identified
1
Valid advantage
1
Valid disadvantage
1
Q4
Name three vehicles used for water transport.
Water Transport
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Three water transport vehicles:
1. Boat
2. Ship (Cargo ship / Cruise liner)
3. Steamer (or Ferry, Submarine).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct water vehicle
3
Q5
Name two means of transport that do not use petrol or diesel and do not cause air pollution.
Non-Polluting Vehicles
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Two eco-friendly, non-polluting vehicles: Bicycle and Cycle-rickshaw (or Electric Metro train, Walking).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Bicycle and Cycle-rickshaw/Metro
2
Q6
Name the special vehicle used for the following purposes:
(a) Carrying sick or injured patients to hospital
(b) Putting out huge fires
(c) Delivering letters and packages to homes
Special Vehicles
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Carrying patients - Ambulance
(b) Putting out fires - Fire Engine
(c) Delivering mail - Mail van / Post van.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct special vehicle
3
Q7
What fuels do cars, buses, and scooters run on? Name a clean, green gas fuel.
Fuel for Vehicles
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Vehicles run on Petrol, Diesel, or Electricity. A clean green gas fuel is 'CNG' (Compressed Natural Gas).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Petrol/Diesel
1
CNG / Electricity
1
Q8
Match the vehicle with its driver or operating track:
(a) Aeroplane -> (i) Railway station / Engine driver
(b) Ship -> (ii) Helipad / Pilot
(c) Train -> (iii) Harbour / Captain
(d) Helicopter -> (iv) Airport / Pilot
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Aeroplane -> (iv) Airport / Pilot
(b) Ship -> (iii) Harbour / Captain
(c) Train -> (i) Railway station / Engine driver
(d) Helicopter -> (ii) Helipad / Pilot.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) An aeroplane lands and takes off at an airport runway.
(b) Camels are used as a means of transport in snowy polar regions.
(c) Submarines travel underwater in deep seas.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (Camels are used in hot deserts; sledges pulled by dogs/reindeer in polar snow)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) A helicopter has rotating ________ (blades / wheels) on top to lift it into the air.
(b) Ships sail on the sea and anchor at a ________ (harbour or port / bus stop).
(c) The underground and elevated electric train in big cities is called the ________ (Metro / Bullock cart).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) blades
(b) harbour (or port)
(c) Metro.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
Why is the camel called the 'Ship of the Desert'?
Desert Transport
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The camel can walk easily on hot desert sand due to its broad padded feet and can survive for days without food or water, carrying heavy loads across deserts.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Broad padded feet on sand
1
Survives without water for days carrying loads
1
Q12
Why do millions of commuters prefer the Metro train in modern cities?
Metro Train Benefits
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Metro trains are fast, air-conditioned, punctual, avoid road traffic jams, and run on clean electricity without emitting smoke.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Fast, avoids traffic jams, clean electric energy
2
Q13
How did people travel in olden times before engines were invented?
Olden Days Transport
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
People traveled on foot or used animal-drawn carts such as bullock carts, horse carriages (tangas), and camel carts.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
On foot or animal-drawn carts (bullock/horse/camel)
2
Q14
Give one reason why taking a public bus is better for the environment than driving individual cars.
Public vs Private Transport
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
One public bus can carry 50 people, reducing the need for 50 separate cars on the road, which drastically reduces traffic jams and air pollution.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Carries many people, cuts traffic and emissions
2
Q15
Guess who I am:
'I have no wheels, I have no wings, yet I glide smoothly over ocean waves carrying heavy containers across countries. Who am I?'
Riddle on Vehicles
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
I am a 'Ship' (or Cargo Ship).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Ship
1
6
Unit 4: Play, Waste & Shelter โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 6: Recreation & Games We Play
Indoor Games (Ludo, Chess), Outdoor Games (Cricket, Tag)
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Meaning and Need of Recreation
- Indoor Games: Ludo, Carrom, Chess, Snakes & Ladders
- Outdoor Games: Cricket, Football, Kho-Kho, Kabaddi
- Fair Play, Team Spirit, and Avoiding Excessive Screen Time
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is 'Recreation'? Why is recreation necessary after school and study?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Recreation is any enjoyable activity done during leisure time to relax, refresh our mind, and have fun. It is necessary because continuous study tires our brain; recreation restores energy and keeps our spirit cheerful.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of recreation
1.5
Refreshes mind and restores energy
1.5
Q2
Differentiate between Indoor games and Outdoor games with two examples of each.
Indoor vs Outdoor Games
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Indoor Games: Played inside a room or house; do not require large open grounds (e.g., Chess, Carrom, Ludo).
โข Outdoor Games: Played in open fields, parks, or stadiums; require running and physical exertion (e.g., Football, Cricket, Badminton).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Indoor games definition and 2 examples
1.5
Outdoor games definition and 2 examples
1.5
Q3
List three health benefits of playing outdoor games regularly.
Benefits of Outdoor Play
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Strengthens bones and muscles and keeps body fit and active.
2. Inhales fresh oxygen and absorbs healthy morning sunlight.
3. Teaches teamwork, sharing, and making genuine friends.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per valid physical/mental benefit
3
Q4
Name three traditional games that children in India love playing in streets and village grounds.
Traditional Indian Games
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Three traditional Indian games:
1. Kho-Kho
2. Kabaddi
3. Gilli-Danda (or Chhupan-Chhupai / Hide and Seek, Stapoo / Hopscotch).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Three valid traditional Indian games
3
Q5
Which board game is known as the game of kings and helps sharpen our thinking and strategy skills?
Mind Games
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Chess (Shatranj) is known as the mind game that sharpens thinking, planning, and concentration.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Chess
1
Sharpens thinking/concentration
1
Q6
Why is it important to follow rules while playing any game?
Fair Play & Rules
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Following rules ensures that the game is fair, safe, and enjoyable for all players without cheating, fights, or arguments.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Ensures fairness and safety
1
Prevents cheating and arguments
1
Q7
Match the game with the equipment used:
(a) Cricket -> (i) Black & white chequered board
(b) Badminton -> (ii) Bat, ball, and wickets
(c) Carrom -> (iii) Racket and shuttlecock
(d) Chess -> (iv) Wooden board, striker, and coins
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Cricket -> (ii) Bat, ball, and wickets
(b) Badminton -> (iii) Racket and shuttlecock
(c) Carrom -> (iv) Wooden board, striker, and coins
(d) Chess -> (i) Black & white chequered board.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q8
State True or False:
(a) Playing mobile phone games for hours keeps our muscles strong.
(b) A good sportsperson gracefully accepts both winning and losing.
(c) Carrom is an outdoor game played on a 100-meter grass field.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Causes eye fatigue and sedentary weakness)
(b) True (True sportsmanship)
(c) False (Carrom is an indoor table board game).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q9
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Football is played by kicking the ball with our ________ (feet / hands).
(b) Snakes and Ladders is played with a rolling ________ (dice / bat).
(c) The national game of India is officially recognized as Field ________ (Hockey / Cricket).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) feet
(b) dice
(c) Hockey.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q10
What fun events take place on the school Annual Sports Day?
Sports Day at School
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Fun events include 50-meter sprint races, lemon-and-spoon race, sack race, relay race, tug-of-war, and gymnastics display.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two or three valid sports day events
2
Q11
Mention two places where families go for weekend recreation.
Recreational Places
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Zoo or Botanical Garden (to observe animals and birds)
2. Amusement park, planetarium, or beach.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two valid recreational family destinations
2
Q12
What does 'Team Spirit' mean in sports?
Team Spirit
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Team spirit means playing cooperatively with unity, supporting every teammate, encouraging those who make mistakes, and working together towards common success.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Unity, support, and cooperation in play
2
Q13
State one safety precaution to follow while playing outdoor games.
Safety While Playing
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Always wear sports shoes to prevent slipping, do not push fellow players on concrete grounds, and never play on roads with traffic.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sports shoes, safe ground, no pushing
2
Q14
Can painting, singing, and dancing be recreational activities? Explain.
Art and Music as Recreation
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Yes, creative arts like dancing, singing, and painting express our inner joy, calm our mind, and are wonderful forms of recreation.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Creative self-expression and mental relaxation
1
Q15
What famous proverb describes the value of play along with study?
Sportsmanship Slogan
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy!' (เคชเคขเคผเคพเค เคเฅ เคธเคพเคฅ-เคธเคพเคฅ เคเฅเคฒเคเฅเคฆ เคญเฅ เคธเฅเคตเคธเฅเคฅ เคเฅเคตเคจ เคเฅ เคฒเคฟเค เคเคตเคถเฅเคฏเค เคนเฅ!)
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy
1
7
Unit 4: Play, Waste & Shelter โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 7: Cleanliness & Waste Management
Green & Blue Dustbins, Swachh Bharat, Segregation
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Waste Segregation: Wet Waste vs Dry Waste
- Green Dustbin (Biodegradable) vs Blue Dustbin (Non-biodegradable)
- The 3 R's: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and Community Cleanliness
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is the difference between Biodegradable (Wet) waste and Non-biodegradable (Dry) waste?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Biodegradable (Wet) Waste: Organic waste that rots and decomposes naturally into soil (e.g., Fruit/vegetable peels, leftover food, tea leaves).
โข Non-biodegradable (Dry) Waste: Waste that does not rot or break down easily in nature (e.g., Plastic bottles, polythene bags, glass, metal cans).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Biodegradable definition and examples
1.5
Non-biodegradable definition and examples
1.5
Q2
What goes into the Green dustbin and the Blue dustbin under the Swachh Bharat mission?
Colored Dustbins
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Green Dustbin: Wet kitchen waste, fruit/vegetable peels, eggshells, garden leaves, and leftover food.
โข Blue Dustbin: Dry recyclable waste like plastic containers, paper, cardboard, glass bottles, and metal cans.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Green dustbin - wet organic waste
1
Blue dustbin - dry recyclable waste
1
Q3
What do the three R's of waste management stand for? Explain each briefly.
The 3 R's Formula
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. REDUCE: Minimize the amount of trash we generate (e.g., avoid single-use plastics).
2. REUSE: Use items multiple times instead of throwing them away (e.g., reuse glass jars for spices).
3. RECYCLE: Process old waste into new useful products (e.g., making fresh paper from old newspapers).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Reduce with explanation
1
Reuse with explanation
1
Recycle with explanation
1
Q4
What is 'Compost'? How does it help our garden?
Composting at Home
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Compost is rich organic natural manure made by decomposing kitchen vegetable peels and dry leaves in a pit. It enriches soil with nutrients and helps flowers and vegetables grow healthy without chemicals.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Organic manure from kitchen peels/leaves
1
Enriches soil and helps plants grow
1
Q5
Why are single-use plastic bags harmful to our environment?
Dangers of Plastic
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Single-use plastic bags do not decompose for hundreds of years. They choke city drains causing floods, pollute soil and oceans, and can choke cows and stray animals if swallowed.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Does not decompose for centuries
1
Chokes drains and pollutes oceans
1
Harmful to animals if swallowed
1
Q6
What is the goal of 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' launched by the Government of India?
Swachh Bharat Mission
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The goal of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to achieve a completely clean, open-defecation-free India with clean streets, hygienic public toilets, and scientific waste disposal.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Clean streets and surroundings
1
Hygienic sanitation and waste management
1
Q7
Match the waste item with its proper disposal category:
(a) Apple core -> (i) Blue dustbin (Recycle)
(b) Aluminum foil -> (ii) Compost pit (Wet waste)
(c) Old newspaper -> (iii) Red/Hazardous bin
(d) Broken tube-light -> (iv) Blue dustbin (Dry waste)
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Apple core -> (ii) Compost pit (Wet waste)
(b) Aluminum foil -> (iv) Blue dustbin (Dry waste)
(c) Old newspaper -> (i) Blue dustbin (Recycle)
(d) Broken tube-light -> (iii) Red/Hazardous bin.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q8
State True or False:
(a) Burning dry leaves and plastic produces poisonous toxic smoke.
(b) We should throw chocolate wrappers out of moving car windows.
(c) Using a reusable cloth shopping bag reduces plastic waste.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (Keep wrappers in pocket/bag until finding a dustbin)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct statement
3
Q9
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Organic kitchen waste turns into natural ________ (compost / plastic).
(b) Wet waste is thrown into the ________ (green / yellow) dustbin.
(c) We celebrate Gandhi Jayanti as a national day of ________ (Swachhata / sports).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) compost
(b) green
(c) Swachhata.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q10
What is 'Upcycling'? Give an example of making something useful from waste.
Upcycling Craft
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Upcycling means turning discarded waste items into creative, higher-value products. Example: Painting an empty plastic bottle to make a hanging flower pot or pencil holder.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Upcycling definition
1
Pencil holder or flower pot from bottle example
1
Q11
Why should we not allow water to collect in old tyres or flowerpots?
Stagnant Water Dangers
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Stagnant water becomes a breeding ground for female Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit dangerous diseases like Dengue, Chikungunya, and Malaria.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Breeding of dengue/malaria mosquitoes
2
Q12
How can students participate in a school cleanliness campaign?
School Cleanliness Drive
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Students can pick up scattered papers from playgrounds, ensure their desks are tidy, wash hands properly, and make colorful awareness posters about saving the environment.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Picking litter, keeping desks tidy, awareness posters
2
Q13
What is 'E-Waste'? Give two examples.
E-Waste Awareness
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
E-waste (electronic waste) consists of discarded electrical or electronic gadgets like old smartphones, dead batteries, broken chargers, and keyboards.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Electronic waste definition
1
Batteries/chargers/gadgets examples
1
Q14
What should you do if there is no dustbin nearby when you finish eating a snack?
Community Cleanliness Habit
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Keep the clean wrapper in your pocket or school bag until you spot a proper public dustbin; never litter on roads.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Keep in pocket/bag until finding a dustbin
1
Q15
Write an inspiring slogan on cleanliness.
Cleanliness Slogan
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'Clean City, Green City, My Dream City!' (เคธเฅเคตเคเฅเค เคญเคพเคฐเคค, เคธเฅเคตเคธเฅเคฅ เคญเคพเคฐเคค!)
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Meaningful slogan
1
8
Unit 4: Play, Waste & Shelter โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 8: Animals and Their Shelters
Kennel, Stable, Coop, Shed, Burrows and Nests
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Need for Shelter for Animals
- Natural Shelters: Caves, Dens, Burrows, Tree Hollows
- Man-Made Domestic Shelters: Stable, Kennel, Shed, Coop, Aquarium
- Birds and Their Diverse Nesting Styles
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
Why do animals need a shelter or home? State two reasons.
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Animals need a shelter to:
1. Protect themselves from bad weather like harsh sunlight, rain, cold winds, and snow.
2. Keep their eggs and newborn babies safe from predators.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Protection from weather
1
Safety of eggs and young ones from enemies
1
Q2
Where do the following wild animals live in nature?
(a) Lion
(b) Rabbit
(c) Bear
(d) Monkey
Natural Shelters
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Lion - Den
(b) Rabbit - Burrow (underground tunnel)
(c) Bear - Cave
(d) Monkey - Branches of trees.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct natural shelters
2
Q3
Name the shelters built by humans for:
(a) Pet Dog
(b) Horse
(c) Cow and Buffalo
(d) Hen and Rooster
Man-Made Shelters
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Dog - Kennel
(b) Horse - Stable
(c) Cow - Shed
(d) Hen - Coop.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct domestic shelters
2
Q4
Why do birds build nests? What natural materials do they use to weave nests?
Bird Nests
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Birds build nests to lay eggs, hatch them, and protect their baby chicks until they learn to fly. They weave nests using twigs, dry grass, straw, feathers, leaves, and cotton.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Laying eggs and rearing chicks
1.5
Materials: twigs, grass, cotton, feathers
1.5
Q5
Name two master builder birds known for their unique nests.
Special Bird Builders
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Weaver Bird (Baya): Weaves an intricate hanging bottle-shaped nest from grass strips.
2. Tailorbird: Stitches two large green leaves together with plant fiber like a needle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Weaver bird with description
1
Tailorbird with description
1
Q6
Which animals live in underground holes or anthills?
Underground Shelters
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Ants build large underground colonies called 'Anthills'.
2. Snakes live in holes in the ground or abandoned rat burrows.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Ants - Anthill
1
Snakes/Rats - Holes/burrows
1
Q7
Where do pet fish live at home? What natural shelter does a snail have?
Water Animal Shelters
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Pet fish live in a glass 'Aquarium' filled with water. A snail carries its own hard protective spiral 'Shell' on its back.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Fish in aquarium
1
Snail carries shell on back
1
Q8
Match the animal with its shelter:
(a) Honeybee -> (i) Stable
(b) Spider -> (ii) Beehive
(c) Horse -> (iii) Pigsty
(d) Pig -> (iv) Web
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Honeybee -> (ii) Beehive
(b) Spider -> (iv) Web
(c) Horse -> (i) Stable
(d) Pig -> (iii) Pigsty.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Birds live in their nests all year round even after their babies fly away.
(b) Spiders spin silky webs to trap flying insects for food.
(c) Sheep are kept inside an enclosed shelter called a pen.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Birds use nests mainly during breeding season to lay eggs)
(b) True
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Honeybees store sweet honey inside a ________ (beehive / kennel).
(b) A cuckoo (koel) does not build its own nest; it lays eggs in a ________ (crow's / pigeon's) nest.
(c) A dog's shelter is called a ________ (kennel / den).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) beehive
(b) crow's
(c) kennel.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
How does a woodpecker make its nest?
Woodpecker's Home
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A woodpecker uses its sharp, chisel-like beak to drill a deep hole into the trunk of a tree to make its nest.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Drills hole into tree trunk using sharp beak
2
Q12
Why do polar bears have thick white fur and fat under their skin in their ice shelters?
Animal Adaptations
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The thick fur and heavy fat layer (blubber) keep the polar bear warm in sub-zero Arctic temperatures and camouflage it in white snow.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Keeps warm against sub-zero cold
1
Camouflage in snow
1
Q13
Why must cow sheds and stables be cleaned and washed every day?
Caring for Farm Shelters
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Regular washing removes animal dung and urine, prevents flies and ticks from biting livestock, and keeps animals healthy and disease-free.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Prevents flies, ticks, and diseases; keeps animals healthy
2
Q14
How do penguins make nests in freezing Antarctica where there are no twigs or leaves?
Penguin Nesting
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Penguins collect small rounded pebbles and stones from the frozen ground to build a raised nest to keep eggs off the ice.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Collects stones/pebbles on ice
1
Q15
Guess who I am:
'I carry my own house on my back wherever I crawl. When danger comes, I pull my head and legs inside my rock-hard shell. Who am I?'
Shelter Riddle
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
I am a 'Tortoise' (or Turtle / Snail).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tortoise / Turtle
1
9
Unit 5: Sky, Weather & Planet Care โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 9: Weather & The Changing Skies
Sunny, Windy, Rainy, Cloudy, Cold Days and Thermometer
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Weather vs Season (Short-term condition vs Long cycle)
- Types of Days: Sunny, Rainy, Windy, Cloudy, Cold
- Weather Instrument: Thermometer, Rain Gauge, Wind Vane
- How Weather Affects Food, Clothes, and Daily Activities
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
What is the difference between Weather and Season?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Weather: Changes from day to day or even hour to hour (e.g., today is rainy, yesterday was sunny).
โข Season: When the same type of weather continues over several months (e.g., Summer, Winter, Monsoon).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Weather definition and day-to-day changes
1.5
Season definition and months duration
1.5
Q2
What is a 'Sunny Day'? What clothes do we wear and what foods do we enjoy on a sunny day?
Sunny Day
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A sunny day is bright, clear, and hot with the sun shining brightly. We wear light cotton clothes, wear sunglasses or caps, and enjoy cool drinks like lemonade, coconut water, and ice cream.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Description of sunny day
1
Cotton clothes and cap
1
Cool drinks / ice cream
1
Q3
What is a 'Rainbow'? When does it appear in the sky, and how many colors does it have?
Rainy Day and Rainbow
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A rainbow is a magnificent colored arc that appears in the sky opposite the sun after rain when sunlight passes through tiny raindrops. It has seven colors: Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red (VIBGYOR).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Appearance after rain opposite the sun
1
Seven colors (VIBGYOR)
2
Q4
What is a 'Windy Day'? Mention one fun activity and one precaution for a windy day.
Windy Day
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A windy day is when air blows fast and strongly.
โข Fun activity: Flying kites high in the sky.
โข Precaution: Stay away from loose roof tiles and old branches that might break and fall.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Flying kites
1
Caution against falling branches/tiles
1
Q5
Name the instruments used to measure:
(a) Air Temperature
(b) Amount of Rainfall
(c) Direction of the Wind
Weather Instruments
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Temperature - Thermometer
(b) Rainfall - Rain Gauge
(c) Wind direction - Wind Vane (Weathercock).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct weather instrument
3
Q6
What causes a cloudy day? Why does it feel pleasant or humid?
Cloudy Day
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Dark clouds cover the sun and block direct sunlight. It feels cooler, but if humidity is high, it can feel sticky and warm before rain falls.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Clouds block direct sunlight
1
Pleasant coolness or humidity before rain
1
Q7
What happens on a cold winter day? How do people keep themselves warm?
Cold Day
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
On a cold day, the temperature drops very low. People keep warm by wearing woolen sweaters and caps, sitting near room heaters or bonfires, and sipping hot soup or milk.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Low temperature description
1
Woolens, heaters, and hot drinks
1
Q8
Match the weather condition with its activity/item:
(a) Rainy day -> (i) Warm hot soup and woolen blanket
(b) Windy day -> (ii) Flying a paper kite
(c) Cold day -> (iii) Chilled watermelon and lemonade
(d) Hot sunny day -> (iv) Floating paper boats in puddles
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Rainy day -> (iv) Floating paper boats in puddles
(b) Windy day -> (ii) Flying a paper kite
(c) Cold day -> (i) Warm hot soup and woolen blanket
(d) Hot sunny day -> (iii) Chilled watermelon and lemonade.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Weather remains identical in every city across India on the same day.
(b) Fast, howling winds accompanied by heavy thunder and rain is called a storm.
(c) Lightning is seen before thunder is heard because light travels faster than sound.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Different cities experience different weather)
(b) True
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct statement
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The seven colors of the rainbow are remembered by the acronym ________ (VIBGYOR / ROYGBIV).
(b) Very thick low cloud that makes it hard to see ahead is called ________ (fog or mist / steam).
(c) A thermometer measures ________ (temperature / rainfall).
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) VIBGYOR
(b) fog (or mist)
(c) temperature.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
What is a 'Weather Forecast', and why is it useful for farmers and fishermen?
Weather Forecast
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A weather forecast predicts upcoming weather using satellites. It alerts farmers when to sow or harvest crops, and warns fishermen not to venture into deep sea during impending ocean storms.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Prediction of future weather
1
Alerts farmers for crops and fishermen against storms
1
Q12
What is the difference between natural fog and toxic smog?
Fog and Smog
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
โข Fog: Natural condensed water droplets in cold air.
โข Smog: A hazardous mixture of smoke, vehicle exhaust, and fog that harms our eyes and lungs.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Fog definition
1
Smog (Smoke + Fog) definition
1
Q13
What are hailstones?
Hailstones
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Hailstones are hard, frozen balls or pellets of ice that sometimes fall from storm clouds along with rain.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hard balls of ice falling with storm rain
1
Q14
What safety rule should you follow when caught outdoors during a thunderstorm with lightning?
Thunder Safety
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Never stand under a tall isolated tree or touch metal poles; take shelter inside a concrete building or a closed car.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
No standing under tall trees; shelter in concrete building
2
Q15
Complete the classic childhood weather rhyme:
'Rain, rain, go away,
Come again another ________;
Little Johnny wants to ________,
Rain, rain, go away!'
Weather Rhyme
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'Come again another DAY;
Little Johnny wants to PLAY,'
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
DAY
1
PLAY
1
10
Unit 5: Sky, Weather & Planet Care โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 10: Day and Night Wonders
Sunrise in the East, Shadows, Moon Phases, Twinkling Stars
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Rotation of Earth Causing Day and Night
- Cardinal Directions: East, West, North, South
- Shadow Formation and Length Changes throughout the Day
- The Night Sky: Moon Phases, Stars, and Constellations
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
How are day and night formed on Earth?
Think and Tell
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Day and night are caused by the spinning rotation of the Earth on its axis once every 24 hours. The half of the Earth facing the Sun has daylight (Day), while the other half turned away in darkness experiences Night.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Earth's rotation on its axis in 24 hours
1.5
Half facing Sun = Day, half in darkness = Night
1.5
Q2
Name the four main cardinal directions. In which direction does the Sun rise and set?
Four Directions
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The four main directions are East, West, North, and South.
โข The Sun rises in the EAST.
โข The Sun sets in the WEST.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Listing East, West, North, South
1
Rises in East
1
Sets in West
1
Q3
How can you find directions standing outdoors facing the rising Sun in the morning?
Finding Directions
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Stand facing the rising Sun:
โข In front of you is EAST.
โข Behind your back is WEST.
โข To your left hand is NORTH.
โข To your right hand is SOUTH.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Front = East, Back = West
1
Left = North, Right = South
1
Q4
What is a 'Shadow'? What three things are required to form a shadow?
Shadow Formation
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A shadow is a dark shape formed on a surface when an opaque object blocks the path of light.
Three things required:
1. A source of light (Sun, torch, bulb)
2. An opaque object to block the light
3. A screen or surface (ground, wall) on which the shadow falls.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of shadow
1.5
Source of light, opaque object, and screen
1.5
Q5
At what time of day is our shadow the shortest, and why?
Shadow Lengths
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Our shadow is shortest at 12 Noon because the Sun is positioned directly overhead above us, casting light straight downward.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
At 12 Noon
1
Sun directly overhead
1
Q6
What are the 'Phases of the Moon'? Name the Full Moon and New Moon in Hindi.
Phases of the Moon
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The changing visible shapes of the Moon seen from Earth are called Phases of the Moon.
โข Full Moon: Purnima (Moon appears as a full bright circle).
โข New Moon: Amavasya (Moon is not visible at all in the sky).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Phases of the Moon definition
1
Full Moon - Purnima
1
New Moon - Amavasya
1
Q7
What are 'Nocturnal Animals'? Give two examples of animals active at night.
Nocturnal Animals
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Animals that sleep during the daytime and remain active, hunt, and forage at night are called nocturnal animals. Examples: Owl and Bat.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Nocturnal definition
1
Owl and Bat examples
1
Q8
Match the celestial object with its fact:
(a) Sun -> (i) Crescent and full shapes
(b) Moon -> (ii) Saptarishi / Great Bear
(c) Constellation -> (iii) Closest star providing light and life
(d) Earth -> (iv) Blue planet rotating in 24 hours
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Sun -> (iii) Closest star providing light and life
(b) Moon -> (i) Crescent and full shapes
(c) Constellation -> (ii) Saptarishi / Great Bear
(d) Earth -> (iv) Blue planet rotating in 24 hours.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) A shadow is always formed on the same side as the light source.
(b) The Earth takes 24 hours to complete one full rotation on its axis.
(c) Stars are present in the sky during daytime but invisible due to bright sunlight.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Shadow is always formed on the opposite side of the light source)
(b) True
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct statement
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The Sun rises in the ________ (East / West).
(b) A night when the Moon looks like a thin curved sickle is called a ________ (crescent / gibbous) moon.
(c) Shadows are ________ (longest / shortest) during early morning and late evening.
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) East
(b) crescent
(c) longest.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
Can a clear clean glass window make a dark shadow? Why or why not?
Transparent vs Opaque
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
No, clear glass is transparent and allows light to pass completely through it without blocking it, so it cannot cast a dark shadow.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
No, cannot make a dark shadow
1
Clear glass is transparent and lets light pass through
1
Q12
What instrument is used by sailors and trekkers to find directions?
Compass
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A magnetic 'Compass' is used to find directions; its needle always points towards the North-South direction.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Magnetic Compass
1
Needle points North-South
1
Q13
Why is sleeping at night important for our body and brain?
Night Routine
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Sound sleep at night allows our body to repair tissues, strengthens our immune system, rests our eyes, and recharges our brain for next day's learning.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tissue repair, resting eyes, and recharging brain
2
Q14
What is the special star that always stays fixed in the northern sky?
Pole Star (Dhruva Tara)
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The 'Pole Star' (North Star or Dhruva Tara) stays fixed in the northern sky and helps travelers find the North direction at night.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Pole Star / Dhruva Tara
1
Q15
Guess who I am:
'I follow you wherever you walk in the sun, I run when you run, yet when you step into darkness, I completely disappear. Who am I?'
Riddle on Shadows
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
I am your 'Shadow'.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Shadow
1
11
Unit 6: Animals, Plants & Mother Earth โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 11: Caring for Plants and Pets
Watering Saplings, Feeding Pets, Preventing Animal Cruelty
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Plants and Pets as Living Beings with Feelings
- Daily Plant Care: Watering, Sun, Soil, Weeding
- Responsible Pet Care: Food, Shelter, Cleanliness, Vet Visits
- Preventing Cruelty to Stray Animals and Birds
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
Why are plants called living beings even though they cannot walk from place to place?
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Plants are living beings because they breathe air, absorb water and nutrients, make their own food, grow taller, produce seeds, and react to sunlight.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Breathe, absorb water, make food
1
Grow taller and reproduce seeds
1
Q2
What four essential things must we provide to keep a potted plant healthy and green?
Daily Plant Care
4 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Four essentials for plant care:
1. Regular watering (not too little, not too much)
2. Adequate natural sunlight
3. Nutrient-rich soil with organic compost
4. Fresh moving air and gentle weeding.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct plant care essential
4
Q3
What happens if we give too much water to a potted plant every day?
Over-Watering Danger
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Over-watering blocks air spaces in the soil, causing the plant roots to rot from lack of oxygen, turning leaves yellow and killing the plant.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Blocks air/oxygen in soil
1
Causes root rot and kills plant
1
Q4
Who is a 'Veterinary Doctor' (Vet)?
Veterinary Doctor
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A veterinary doctor is a doctor who specializes in treating sick, injured, and diseased animals and giving them preventive vaccinations.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Doctor for animals
1
Treats diseases and gives vaccinations
1
Q5
How can we care for stray dogs and birds in our neighborhood during hot summer months?
Caring for Stray Animals
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Place shallow clay bowls filled with clean drinking water outside our gate and on balconies for birds and animals.
2. Keep leftover rotis or pet food in clean plates and provide shade from the hot sun.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Clay bowls of clean drinking water
1
Food and shade from summer heat
1
Q6
Why should children never throw stones or tie firecrackers to dogs' tails?
Stopping Animal Cruelty
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Animals feel severe pain, terror, and suffering just like humans. Hurting them is cruel, punishable by law, and may cause the frightened animal to bite in self-defense.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Animals feel pain and terror / cruelty is illegal
1
May cause animal to bite in defense
1
Q7
What is 'Van Mahotsav', and when is it celebrated in India?
Van Mahotsav
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Van Mahotsav is the annual forest festival celebrated in the first week of July across India, where millions of tree saplings are planted in schools and communities.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Annual tree-planting festival
1
First week of July
1
Q8
Match the living being with its care requirement:
(a) Potted Rose -> (i) Clean litter box and milk/cat food
(b) Pet Dog -> (ii) Daily watering and sunlight
(c) Stray Bird -> (iii) Daily walk, rabies vaccine, and love
(d) Pet Cat -> (iv) Water pot and grain seeds on balcony
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Potted Rose -> (ii) Daily watering and sunlight
(b) Pet Dog -> (iii) Daily walk, rabies vaccine, and love
(c) Stray Bird -> (iv) Water pot and grain seeds on balcony
(d) Pet Cat -> (i) Clean litter box and milk/cat food.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Talking gently to pets and petting them makes them feel loved and calm.
(b) Keeping a bird locked inside a tiny iron cage all its life is a kind act.
(c) Loosening the soil around plant roots helps them breathe better.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) True
(b) False (Birds belong in the open sky; caging is cruel)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) A doctor who treats animals is called a ________ (veterinarian or vet / dentist).
(b) Plant leaves prepare food with the help of green ________ (chlorophyll / water).
(c) Dogs should be given ________ (rabies / polio) vaccine to prevent dangerous infections.
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) veterinarian (or vet)
(b) chlorophyll
(c) rabies.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
Name two indoor plants that can grow inside a room in small pots with minimal sunlight.
Indoor Plants
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Two indoor plants: Money plant and Snake plant (or Spider plant, Aloe vera).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two valid indoor plants
2
Q12
What is a 'Bird Bath'? How does it help garden birds?
Bird Bath
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
A bird bath is a shallow basin filled with clean water placed in a garden. Birds use it to drink water and splash their feathers to keep cool and clean.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Shallow water basin for drinking and cleaning feathers
2
Q13
What is the 'Touch-Me-Not' (Mimosa / Chhui-Mui) plant known for?
Plant Sensitivity
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
The Touch-Me-Not plant is sensitive to touch; its leaves fold together and droop immediately when touched with a finger.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Leaves fold and droop when touched
1
Q14
State one responsibility of a pet owner when walking their dog on public roads.
Responsible Pet Ownership
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Keep the dog on a secure leash to protect pedestrians and always clean up pet waste from the pavement using a scoop and bag.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Leash control and scooping up pet waste
2
Q15
Write a two-line pledge to care for nature.
Eco-Friendly Pledge
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'I pledge to plant a tree, water it with care, and treat every creature with kindness and love!'
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Kindness and environmental pledge
1
12
Unit 6: Animals, Plants & Mother Earth โข Class 2 Environmental Studies (EVS)
Chapter 12: Protecting Our Mother Earth
Saying No to Single-Use Plastic, Planting Trees, Clean Earth
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
- Mother Earth as Our Sole Home in the Universe
- Environmental Threats: Deforestation, Plastic Waste, Pollution
- Practical Green Steps: Cloth Bags, Tree Plantation, Saving Power
- Earth Day (22 April) and World Environment Day (5 June)
๐ NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (15 Solved Questions)
Q1
Why do we lovingly call our planet 'Mother Earth'?
Think and Tell
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
We call our planet Mother Earth because like a loving mother, she provides us with everything we need to liveโair to breathe, freshwater to drink, soil to grow food, and shelter for all living beings.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Provides air, water, and food like a mother
1
Sustains all living beings
1
Q2
Name three major human activities that harm planet Earth.
Major Environmental Threats
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Indiscriminate cutting down of forests and trees (Deforestation).
2. Excessive use of single-use plastic items that choke soil and oceans.
3. Smoke and toxic gases emitted by factories and vehicles causing global warming and air pollution.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Deforestation / cutting trees
1
Plastic pollution
1
Smoke and emissions causing pollution
1
Q3
What eco-friendly alternatives can we use in place of plastic items?
(a) In place of plastic shopping bags
(b) In place of plastic water bottles
(c) In place of disposable plastic spoons and plates
Saying No to Plastic
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Cloth, jute, or cotton shopping bags
(b) Stainless steel or copper reusable water bottles
(c) Biodegradable leaf plates (pattals), bamboo spoons, or steel cutlery.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct eco-friendly alternative
3
Q4
List three benefits of planting more trees around our neighborhood.
Tree Plantation Benefits
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
1. Trees produce fresh, life-giving oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
2. Their roots hold the soil tightly, preventing soil erosion during heavy rains.
3. They provide shade, bring rainfall, and serve as homes for birds and squirrels.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Oxygen and air purification
1
Soil conservation
1
Shade, rain, and animal shelter
1
Q5
How does turning off unnecessary lights and fans at home help protect the Earth?
Energy Conservation
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Most electricity is generated by burning coal in power plants, which produces enormous smoke and carbon emissions. Saving electricity saves coal and keeps Earth's air cleaner.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Electricity produced from burning coal
1
Saving electricity reduces smoke and global warming
1
Q6
When do we celebrate:
(a) World Earth Day
(b) World Environment Day?
Important Environmental Days
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) World Earth Day - 22nd April
(b) World Environment Day - 5th June.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
22nd April for Earth Day
1
5th June for World Environment Day
1
Q7
What causes noise pollution, and how does it harm human health?
Noise Pollution
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Noise pollution is caused by unnecessary vehicle honking, loud loudspeakers, and bursting firecrackers. It harms health by causing hearing damage, headaches, stress, and disturbing sleeping babies and elderly people.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Vehicle horns, loudspeakers, crackers
1
Hearing loss, headaches, stress
1
Q8
Match the action with its environmental effect:
(a) Planting saplings -> (i) Saves coal and reduces greenhouse smoke
(b) Using cloth bags -> (ii) Purifies air and gives oxygen
(c) Turning off lights -> (iii) Conserves scarce drinking water
(d) Fixing leaking taps -> (iv) Eliminates harmful plastic waste
Match the Following
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) Planting saplings -> (ii) Purifies air and gives oxygen
(b) Using cloth bags -> (iv) Eliminates harmful plastic waste
(c) Turning off lights -> (i) Saves coal and reduces greenhouse smoke
(d) Fixing leaking taps -> (iii) Conserves scarce drinking water.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct matches
2
Q9
State True or False:
(a) Leaving the tap open while washing bicycles is a good conservation habit.
(b) Paper is made from wood pulp obtained from trees; hence we must not waste paper.
(c) If each child plants one tree, our Earth will become greener and cooler.
True or False
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) False (Wastes gallons of clean water)
(b) True (Saving paper saves trees)
(c) True.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct answer
3
Q10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) World Environment Day is celebrated on ________ (5th June / 1st January).
(b) We should use ________ (cloth / polythene) bags for grocery shopping.
(c) Trees absorb harmful ________ (carbon dioxide / oxygen) gas during the day.
Fill in the Blanks
3 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
(a) 5th June
(b) cloth
(c) carbon dioxide.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 mark per correct blank
3
Q11
Why is walking or riding a bicycle for short distances an eco-friendly habit?
Clean Transport Choice
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Bicycles and walking consume zero fossil fuel, emit zero exhaust smoke or greenhouse gases, keep our heart and legs healthy, and reduce traffic jams.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Zero fuel/emissions, fitness, and traffic reduction
2
Q12
How can school students save paper in their daily study?
Saving Paper Saves Trees
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Students can write on both sides of every notebook page, use old one-sided printed paper for rough calculations, and donate old textbooks to junior students.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Both sides of page, rough work reuse, passing textbooks
2
Q13
Why must we not immerse plastic flowers, thermocol, or trash into holy rivers?
River Conservation
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Dumping non-biodegradable trash poisons river water, chokes fish and aquatic turtles, and turns sacred freshwater rivers into dirty, unusable gutters.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Poisoning water and choking aquatic life
2
Q14
What is solar energy, and why is it called clean energy?
Solar Energy
2 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solar energy is energy captured from the Sun's light using solar panels. It is clean because it produces electricity without burning fuel, causing zero air pollution.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Energy from sunlight using panels
1
Zero pollution and unlimited source
1
Q15
Write an inspiring two-line poem or slogan for Mother Earth.
Earth Day Slogan
1 Marks
โ
Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
'The Earth is our home, green and bright,
Letโs keep it clean with all our might!' (เคงเคฐเคคเฅ เคฎเคพเค เคเคพ เคเคฐเฅ เคธเคฎเฅเคฎเคพเคจ, เคนเคฐเคฟเคฏเคพเคฒเฅ เคธเฅ เคฌเคจเฅ เคฎเคนเคพเคจ!)
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Inspiring earth slogan or rhyme
1