Chapter 12 of 14
Chapter 12: Give and Take
2-Step Word Problems, Flow of Money, Addition with Regrouping & Verification | CBSE Session 2026–27
Core Pedagogical Competencies & Concepts
- Translating word problems into numerical addition and subtraction sentences.
- Checking addition by subtraction (inverse operation check).
- Handling word problems involving 'more than', 'less than', and 'difference'.
- Solving 2-step financial transaction problems.
All Textbook Exercises & In-Text Tasks (18 Questions)
100% Complete Ingestion
Q1
Inverse Operations • Checking Work
Solve: 356 + 178. Then use subtraction to check whether your answer is correct.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Solution & Verification:
1. Addition:
356
+ 178
-------
534 (6+8=14, 1 carry; 5+7+1=13, 1 carry; 3+1+1=5)
2. Verification via Subtraction:
534
- 178
-------
356
Since 534 - 178 = 356, the addition is 100% verified correct.
1. Addition:
356
+ 178
-------
534 (6+8=14, 1 carry; 5+7+1=13, 1 carry; 3+1+1=5)
2. Verification via Subtraction:
534
- 178
-------
356
Since 534 - 178 = 356, the addition is 100% verified correct.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct addition with carry (534)
1.5 M
Correct inverse subtraction verification
1.5 M
Q2
2-Step Financial Word Problem
Kiran had ₹500. She bought school books for ₹275 and stationery for ₹145. How much money did she spend altogether, and how much money was left with her?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-step Solution:
Step 1: Total money spent
Cost of books = ₹275
Cost of stationery = ₹145
Total spent = ₹275 + ₹145 = ₹420.
Step 2: Money left
Total money initially = ₹500
Total spent = ₹420
Money left = ₹500 - ₹420 = ₹80.
Step 1: Total money spent
Cost of books = ₹275
Cost of stationery = ₹145
Total spent = ₹275 + ₹145 = ₹420.
Step 2: Money left
Total money initially = ₹500
Total spent = ₹420
Money left = ₹500 - ₹420 = ₹80.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct addition for total spending (₹420)
1.5 M
Correct subtraction for remaining balance (₹80)
1.5 M
Q3
Number Puzzle • Magic Triangle
Arrange the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 along the three sides of a triangle such that the sum of the numbers along each side is 9.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Solution:
Place the smaller numbers at the corners to keep side sums low:
• Corners: 1, 2, 3.
• Between 1 and 2: place 6 → 1 + 6 + 2 = 9.
• Between 2 and 3: place 4 → 2 + 4 + 3 = 9.
• Between 3 and 1: place 5 → 3 + 5 + 1 = 9.
All three sides sum to exactly 9.
Place the smaller numbers at the corners to keep side sums low:
• Corners: 1, 2, 3.
• Between 1 and 2: place 6 → 1 + 6 + 2 = 9.
• Between 2 and 3: place 4 → 2 + 4 + 3 = 9.
• Between 3 and 1: place 5 → 3 + 5 + 1 = 9.
All three sides sum to exactly 9.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct corner placement (1, 2, 3)
1.5 M
Correct edge placements (6, 4, 5) ensuring sum = 9
1.5 M
Q4
Multi-Digit Addition • Regrouping Drill
Solve the following additions showing carrying over clearly:
(a) 247 + 185
(b) 368 + 279
(c) Estimate the sum of 247 + 185 to the nearest hundred.
[3 Marks]
(a) 247 + 185
(b) 368 + 279
(c) Estimate the sum of 247 + 185 to the nearest hundred.
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-Step Solutions:
(a) 247 + 185:
• Ones: 7 + 5 = 12 (Write 2, carry 1 to tens)
• Tens: 1 (carry) + 4 + 8 = 13 (Write 3, carry 1 to hundreds)
• Hundreds: 1 (carry) + 2 + 1 = 4
• Sum = 432.
(b) 368 + 279:
• Ones: 8 + 9 = 17 (Write 7, carry 1)
• Tens: 1 + 6 + 7 = 14 (Write 4, carry 1)
• Hundreds: 1 + 3 + 2 = 6
• Sum = 647.
(c) Nearest Hundred Estimation:
• 247 rounds to 200; 185 rounds to 200.
• Estimated sum = 200 + 200 = 400 (Actual 432 is very close to 400).
(a) 247 + 185:
• Ones: 7 + 5 = 12 (Write 2, carry 1 to tens)
• Tens: 1 (carry) + 4 + 8 = 13 (Write 3, carry 1 to hundreds)
• Hundreds: 1 (carry) + 2 + 1 = 4
• Sum = 432.
(b) 368 + 279:
• Ones: 8 + 9 = 17 (Write 7, carry 1)
• Tens: 1 + 6 + 7 = 14 (Write 4, carry 1)
• Hundreds: 1 + 3 + 2 = 6
• Sum = 647.
(c) Nearest Hundred Estimation:
• 247 rounds to 200; 185 rounds to 200.
• Estimated sum = 200 + 200 = 400 (Actual 432 is very close to 400).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct carrying and sum for (a): 432
1.0 M
Correct carrying and sum for (b): 647
1.0 M
Correct estimation explanation (400)
1.0 M
Q5
Multi-Digit Subtraction • Borrowing Across Tens
Solve the following subtractions showing borrowing steps:
(a) 512 - 278
(b) Check your subtraction answer using addition.
[3 Marks]
(a) 512 - 278
(b) Check your subtraction answer using addition.
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) 512 - 278:
• Ones: 2 - 8 cannot be done. Borrow 1 ten from 1 ten (leaving 0 tens). Ones become 12. 12 - 8 = 4.
• Tens: 0 - 7 cannot be done. Borrow 1 hundred from 5 hundreds (leaving 4 hundreds). Tens become 10. 10 - 7 = 3.
• Hundreds: 4 - 2 = 2.
• Difference = 234.
(b) Verification using Addition:
• Difference + Subtrahend = Minuend
• 234 + 278 = (200 + 200) + (30 + 70) + (4 + 8) = 400 + 100 + 12 = 512.
• Since 512 matches the starting number, the answer is Verified Correct.
(a) 512 - 278:
• Ones: 2 - 8 cannot be done. Borrow 1 ten from 1 ten (leaving 0 tens). Ones become 12. 12 - 8 = 4.
• Tens: 0 - 7 cannot be done. Borrow 1 hundred from 5 hundreds (leaving 4 hundreds). Tens become 10. 10 - 7 = 3.
• Hundreds: 4 - 2 = 2.
• Difference = 234.
(b) Verification using Addition:
• Difference + Subtrahend = Minuend
• 234 + 278 = (200 + 200) + (30 + 70) + (4 + 8) = 400 + 100 + 12 = 512.
• Since 512 matches the starting number, the answer is Verified Correct.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct borrowing and difference (234)
1.5 M
Correct addition check formula and execution (234 + 278 = 512)
1.5 M
Q6
Two-Step Word Problem • Bakery Sales
A baker baked 350 buns in the morning. He sold 215 buns by lunchtime. In the afternoon, he baked 120 fresh buns.
(a) How many buns were left after the lunchtime sales?
(b) How many buns did he have in total in the afternoon?
[3 Marks]
(a) How many buns were left after the lunchtime sales?
(b) How many buns did he have in total in the afternoon?
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) Buns Left after Lunch:
• Morning buns baked = 350
• Buns sold = 215
• Leftover = 350 - 215 = 135 buns.
(b) Total Buns in Afternoon:
• Leftover buns = 135
• Fresh buns baked = 120
• Total = 135 + 120 = 255 buns.
(a) Buns Left after Lunch:
• Morning buns baked = 350
• Buns sold = 215
• Leftover = 350 - 215 = 135 buns.
(b) Total Buns in Afternoon:
• Leftover buns = 135
• Fresh buns baked = 120
• Total = 135 + 120 = 255 buns.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct subtraction step (350 - 215 = 135)
1.5 M
Correct addition step (135 + 120 = 255)
1.5 M
Q7
Token Card Method • Visual Mental Math
Represent the subtraction 65 - 38 using square cards of 10 and triangle cards of 1.
(a) How many 10-cards and 1-cards are in 65?
(b) Explain how exchanging one 10-card for ten 1-cards allows you to subtract 38.
[3 Marks]
(a) How many 10-cards and 1-cards are in 65?
(b) Explain how exchanging one 10-card for ten 1-cards allows you to subtract 38.
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Visual Token Method:
(a) Cards for 65:
• 65 = six 10-cards and five 1-cards.
(b) Exchange and Subtraction:
• To subtract 38, we need to take away 3 ten-cards and 8 one-cards.
• We only have 5 one-cards, so we exchange one 10-card for ten 1-cards.
• Now we have: 5 ten-cards and 15 one-cards (10 + 5).
• Subtract 8 one-cards from 15 one-cards $\rightarrow$ 7 one-cards left.
• Subtract 3 ten-cards from 5 ten-cards $\rightarrow$ 2 ten-cards left.
• Remaining cards = two 10-cards + seven 1-cards = 27.
• Therefore, 65 - 38 = 27.
(a) Cards for 65:
• 65 = six 10-cards and five 1-cards.
(b) Exchange and Subtraction:
• To subtract 38, we need to take away 3 ten-cards and 8 one-cards.
• We only have 5 one-cards, so we exchange one 10-card for ten 1-cards.
• Now we have: 5 ten-cards and 15 one-cards (10 + 5).
• Subtract 8 one-cards from 15 one-cards $\rightarrow$ 7 one-cards left.
• Subtract 3 ten-cards from 5 ten-cards $\rightarrow$ 2 ten-cards left.
• Remaining cards = two 10-cards + seven 1-cards = 27.
• Therefore, 65 - 38 = 27.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct card representation for 65 (6 tens, 5 ones)
1.0 M
Clear visual explanation of exchanging 1 ten for 10 ones
1.0 M
Correct final result (27)
1.0 M
Q8
Textbook Exercise • Practical Problem Solving
In Chapter 12 ('Give and Take'), a student solves an exercise problem: If 1 packet contains 12 items, how many items are in 4 such packets? Explain using repeated addition and multiplication.
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Repeated addition: 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 48 items.
2. Multiplication fact: 4 × 12 = 48 items.
3. Both methods yield the exact same answer. Multiplication is efficient repeated addition.
1. Repeated addition: 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 48 items.
2. Multiplication fact: 4 × 12 = 48 items.
3. Both methods yield the exact same answer. Multiplication is efficient repeated addition.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Repeated addition 12+12+12+12 = 48
1 M
Multiplication 4 × 12 = 48
1 M
Q9
In-Text Activity • Concept Exploration
In 'Give and Take', how do you verify your mathematical calculations? Give an example using two numbers that add up to 100.
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Verification Method:
• Take two numbers: 65 and 35. Sum = 65 + 35 = 100.
• Verification by inverse operation (subtraction): 100 - 35 = 65, and 100 - 65 = 35.
• Since subtraction brings back the original numbers, the addition is confirmed correct.
• Take two numbers: 65 and 35. Sum = 65 + 35 = 100.
• Verification by inverse operation (subtraction): 100 - 35 = 65, and 100 - 65 = 35.
• Since subtraction brings back the original numbers, the addition is confirmed correct.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition 65 + 35 = 100
1 M
Inverse check 100 - 35 = 65
1 M
Q10
Practice Time • Mental Math Drills
Solve mentally:
(a) 25 + 75 = ?
(b) 150 - 60 = ?
(c) Double of 45 = ?
(d) Half of 80 = ?
[2 Marks]
(a) 25 + 75 = ?
(b) 150 - 60 = ?
(c) Double of 45 = ?
(d) Half of 80 = ?
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Mental Calculations:
• (a) 25 + 75 = 100.
• (b) 150 - 60 = 90.
• (c) 45 × 2 = 90.
• (d) 80 ÷ 2 = 40.
• (a) 25 + 75 = 100.
• (b) 150 - 60 = 90.
• (c) 45 × 2 = 90.
• (d) 80 ÷ 2 = 40.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 mental math facts correct
2 M
Q11
Word Problem • Real Life Application
A school library received 3 boxes of mathematics activity books. Each box contained 25 books. During the week, 38 books were distributed to Grade 3 children. How many books remain in the library?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Total books received = 3 × 25 = 75 books.
2. Books distributed = 38 books.
3. Books remaining = 75 - 38 = 37 books.
1. Total books received = 3 × 25 = 75 books.
2. Books distributed = 38 books.
3. Books remaining = 75 - 38 = 37 books.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Total 3 × 25 = 75
1.5 M
Remainder 75 - 38 = 37
1.5 M
Q12
Critical Thinking • Finding the Pattern
Observe the sequence related to 'Give and Take': 12, 24, 36, 48, ___, ___. Find the next two terms and state the mathematical rule.
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Pattern Analysis:
• 12 + 12 = 24
• 24 + 12 = 36
• 36 + 12 = 48
• Rule: Successive addition of 12 (Multiples of 12).
• Next terms: 48 + 12 = 60, 60 + 12 = 72.
• 12 + 12 = 24
• 24 + 12 = 36
• 36 + 12 = 48
• Rule: Successive addition of 12 (Multiples of 12).
• Next terms: 48 + 12 = 60, 60 + 12 = 72.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Next terms 60, 72
1 M
Rule: multiples of 12 / +12 step
1 M
Q13
Estimation & Measurement • Practical Judgment
Estimate whether each measurement is greater than or less than 1 metre:
(a) Length of your classroom pencil.
(b) Height of your classroom teacher.
(c) Width of your mathematics textbook.
(d) Length of the school blackboard.
[2 Marks]
(a) Length of your classroom pencil.
(b) Height of your classroom teacher.
(c) Width of your mathematics textbook.
(d) Length of the school blackboard.
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Estimation:
• (a) Pencil: Less than 1 metre (approx. 15 cm).
• (b) Teacher height: Greater than 1 metre (approx. 1.6 to 1.7 m).
• (c) Textbook width: Less than 1 metre (approx. 20 cm).
• (d) Blackboard length: Greater than 1 metre (approx. 2 to 3 m).
• (a) Pencil: Less than 1 metre (approx. 15 cm).
• (b) Teacher height: Greater than 1 metre (approx. 1.6 to 1.7 m).
• (c) Textbook width: Less than 1 metre (approx. 20 cm).
• (d) Blackboard length: Greater than 1 metre (approx. 2 to 3 m).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct estimation for all 4 items
2 M
Q14
Data Interpretation • Reading Simple Tables
A table shows student preferences for fruit: Apple (15), Banana (22), Mango (35), Orange (18).
(a) Which fruit is preferred by the maximum number of students?
(b) How many more students prefer Mango over Banana?
(c) What is the total number of students surveyed?
[3 Marks]
(a) Which fruit is preferred by the maximum number of students?
(b) How many more students prefer Mango over Banana?
(c) What is the total number of students surveyed?
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Table Interpretation:
• (a) Maximum preference: Mango with 35 students.
• (b) Difference: 35 - 22 = 13 more students prefer Mango.
• (c) Total students: 15 + 22 + 35 + 18 = 90 students.
• (a) Maximum preference: Mango with 35 students.
• (b) Difference: 35 - 22 = 13 more students prefer Mango.
• (c) Total students: 15 + 22 + 35 + 18 = 90 students.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mango identified
1 M
Difference = 13
1 M
Total = 90
1 M
Q15
Let us Do • Shapes and Symmetry
Draw a line of symmetry through each shape:
(a) A rectangle
(b) An equilateral triangle
(c) A circle.
How many lines of symmetry does a circle have?
[3 Marks]
(a) A rectangle
(b) An equilateral triangle
(c) A circle.
How many lines of symmetry does a circle have?
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Symmetry Properties:
• (a) A rectangle has 2 lines of symmetry (horizontal and vertical through centers of opposite sides).
• (b) An equilateral triangle has 3 lines of symmetry (from each vertex to opposite midpoint).
• (c) A circle has infinite lines of symmetry (any diameter passing through the center).
• (a) A rectangle has 2 lines of symmetry (horizontal and vertical through centers of opposite sides).
• (b) An equilateral triangle has 3 lines of symmetry (from each vertex to opposite midpoint).
• (c) A circle has infinite lines of symmetry (any diameter passing through the center).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rectangle = 2 lines
1 M
Triangle = 3 lines
1 M
Circle = infinite lines
1 M
Q16
Puzzle Time • Missing Number Grid
In a 3x3 magic square, the sum of each row, column, and diagonal is 15. The center number is 5. What numbers go in the opposite corners if one corner is 2?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Magic Square Logic:
• In a 3x3 magic square with sum 15 and center 5, opposite corners must sum to 10 (since 2 + 5 + x = 15 → x = 8).
• If one corner is 2, the diagonally opposite corner must be 8.
• Other corner pairs: 4 and 6.
• In a 3x3 magic square with sum 15 and center 5, opposite corners must sum to 10 (since 2 + 5 + x = 15 → x = 8).
• If one corner is 2, the diagonally opposite corner must be 8.
• Other corner pairs: 4 and 6.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Opposite corner = 8 with reasoning
2 M
Q17
Money & Shopping • Cash Memo Bill
Rani visits a stationery shop and buys: 2 Pencils at ₹5 each, 1 Eraser for ₹3, and 1 Notebook for ₹25. Prepare a simple cash memo showing total bill and change returned from a ₹50 note.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Cash Memo Preparation:
• 2 Pencils @ ₹5 = ₹10
• 1 Eraser @ ₹3 = ₹3
• 1 Notebook @ ₹25 = ₹25
• Total Bill Amount = ₹10 + ₹3 + ₹25 = ₹38.
• Amount paid = ₹50.
• Change returned = ₹50 - ₹38 = ₹12.
• 2 Pencils @ ₹5 = ₹10
• 1 Eraser @ ₹3 = ₹3
• 1 Notebook @ ₹25 = ₹25
• Total Bill Amount = ₹10 + ₹3 + ₹25 = ₹38.
• Amount paid = ₹50.
• Change returned = ₹50 - ₹38 = ₹12.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct item breakdown and total ₹38
2 M
Change = ₹12
1 M
Q18
Chapter Review • Comprehensive Concept Check
True or False:
(a) 1 kilometre is equal to 1000 metres.
(b) 500 millilitres is equal to half a litre.
(c) A square has 4 equal straight edges and 4 right-angled corners.
[3 Marks]
(a) 1 kilometre is equal to 1000 metres.
(b) 500 millilitres is equal to half a litre.
(c) A square has 4 equal straight edges and 4 right-angled corners.
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Review Answers:
• (a) True: 1 km = 1000 m.
• (b) True: 1 Litre = 1000 mL, so half a litre = 500 mL.
• (c) True: A square has 4 equal sides and 4 right angles.
• (a) True: 1 km = 1000 m.
• (b) True: 1 Litre = 1000 mL, so half a litre = 500 mL.
• (c) True: A square has 4 equal sides and 4 right angles.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 statements correctly evaluated as True
3 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study
Children's Book Fair Stall
At the school book fair, the storybook counter started with 450 books in the morning. They received a fresh delivery of 120 books at noon, and sold 380 books by evening.
Analytical Task: How many books were left at the storybook counter at the end of the day?
Evaluation & Model Answer:
1. Books after morning delivery = 450 + 120 = 570 books.
2. Books sold = 380.
3. Books left at end of day = 570 - 380 = 190 books.
2. Books sold = 380.
3. Books left at end of day = 570 - 380 = 190 books.
Rubric: 1.5M addition of delivered books + 1.5M subtraction of sold books.