NCERT Class 3 Environmental Studies (EVS) • Classic CBSE Track

Chapter 21: Families can be Different

Diversity of Modern Family Structures: Single-Parent, Foster, Adoptive, and Blended Families | CBSE Session 2026–27

Core Pedagogical Competencies & Concepts
  • No single definition of family: Families come in varied loving configurations across societies.
  • Sitamma's large joint family: Grandparents, chachas, bua, parents, and cousins living under one ancestral roof in Guntur.
  • Tara's family: Living happily with her adoptive mother Meenakshi and loving grandfather (Nana) in Chennai.
  • Sara and Habib's family: Living with their retired Abbu who loves watching television together.
  • The universal bond across all family types: Mutual affection, emotional support, and caring in times of need.
Families can be Different — Celebrating Every Loving Family Type 👵👴👨👩👧👦 Joint Family 👧👩👴 Adoptive / Extended 👨👧👦 Single Parent 👩‍🦰👨‍🦱👧👶 Blended / Modern

All Textbook Exercises & In-Text Tasks (17 Questions)

100% Complete Ingestion
Q1 Diverse Family Models
Describe two different family structures discussed in this chapter and how members care for one another.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
1. Tara's Family: Tara was adopted by her mother Meenakshi. Tara lives with her mother and her grandfather (Nana) in Chennai. Her Nana takes her to school, helps her with homework, and the family vacations together joyfully.
2. Sara and Habib's Family: Sara and Habib work in government jobs and live with their elderly father (Abbu). In the evenings, all three sit together, watch news debates, read newspapers, and cook meals together as a cooperative team.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Accurate description of Tara's adoptive-extended household 1.5 Marks
Accurate description of Sara and Habib's cooperative home 1.5 Marks
Q2 Family Values
What common thread of values unites all families, regardless of whether they are big or small?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
The common thread uniting all families is love, mutual respect, emotional security, and shared care. Family members stand by each other during illness or hardship, celebrate achievements together, and ensure that every member feels valued and safe.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identification of love, security, and mutual care as universal family bonds 3 Marks
Q3 Sensitivity & Inclusivity
Why should classmates never tease a child who lives with a single parent or grandparents?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Every family structure is equally normal, honorable, and full of love. Teasing someone about their family setup hurts their feelings and displays ignorance. True friends celebrate each other's loving homes without judgment.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Promoting empathy and acceptance of diverse family structures 2 Marks
Q4 Family Structures • Diversity of Families
In 'Families can be Different':
Match each child's family with its family structure:
• Sitamma: [Joint family living together in a large ancestral house, Single parent family living with father, Adoptive family with loving parents, Nuclear family living with mother and sister]
• Tara: [Joint family living together in a large ancestral house, Single parent family living with father, Adoptive family with loving parents, Nuclear family living with mother and sister]
• Sara and Habib: [Joint family living together in a large ancestral house, Single parent family living with father, Adoptive family with loving parents, Nuclear family living with mother and sister]
• Taniya: [Joint family living together in a large ancestral house, Single parent family living with father, Adoptive family with loving parents, Nuclear family living with mother and sister]
[4 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Family Diversity:
• Sitamma: Large Joint family with grandparents, chacha, bua living together in their ancestral Gwalior house.
• Tara: Raised lovingly by her single mother Meenakshi and Nana in Chennai.
• Sara and Habib: Nuclear family living with government employee father/Abbu in the city.
• Taniya: Adoptive family where loving parents adopted and care for their child.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 diverse family structures correctly identified 4.0 M
Q5 Family Values • Love and Mutual Support
Families can look very different in size and structure, but what two core qualities make every family special?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Core Family Values:
1. Unconditional Love & Care: Family members protect, care for, and support one another in times of illness, sadness, and joy.
2. Belonging & Trust: A family provides emotional safety where a child can express feelings without fear.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mutual care during difficulties emphasized 1.5 M
Emotional security and love highlighted 1.5 M
Q6 Decision Making • Democratic Families
How should a happy family make important decisions like planning holidays or buying household items?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Democratic Communication:
• All family members—including children and elders—should sit together, listen respectfully to everyone's ideas, and make decisions mutually with consensus and kindness.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Inclusive, collective discussion described 2.0 M
Q7 Family Meals • Bonding Time
Why is eating dinner together as a family considered a valuable habit?
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Mealtime Bonding:
• Eating together allows parents and children to share what happened during their day, discuss problems, laugh together, and reinforce loving emotional connections away from digital screens.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Communication and emotional bonding explained 2.0 M
Q8 Observation Time • Animals and Habits
In Chapter 21 ('Families can be Different'), what animals did the characters observe, and how do they move from place to place?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Observations:
Animals move in diverse ways adapted to their bodies:
• Birds (Crow, Pigeon): Fly using wings and hop on two feet.
• Mammals (Cow, Dog): Walk and run on four legs.
• Reptiles (Lizard, Snake): Crawl on walls or slither on the ground.
• Insects (Ant, Grasshopper): Walk on six legs and hop/fly.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Birds, mammals, reptiles, insects movement 3 M
Q9 Find Out & Write • Animal Habitats
Name two animals that live:
(a) On trees
(b) In water
(c) On land
(d) Underground in burrows.
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Habitats:
• (a) On trees: Monkey, Squirrel, Owl.
• (b) In water: Fish, Frog, Crocodile.
• (c) On land: Horse, Elephant, Goat.
• (d) In burrows: Rabbit, Earthworm, Snake.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct examples for all 4 habitats 2 M
Q10 Discuss & Share • Our Senses
How do our five sense organs help us understand and navigate our daily environment?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Five Senses:
1. Eyes: Help us see shapes, colours, and identify hazards.
2. Ears: Help us hear traffic horns, spoken words, and alarm sounds.
3. Nose: Helps us smell food, flowers, and detect smoke or gas leaks.
4. Tongue: Helps us taste sweet, sour, salty, and bitter food.
5. Skin: Helps us feel touch, heat, cold, roughness, and pain.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 5 sense organs explained with functions 3 M
Q11 Water Cycle & Weather • Rain and Clouds
Where does rainwater come from, and why do plants and trees look fresher and greener after a rain shower?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Rain and Plant Health:
• Rain comes from water evaporating from rivers, ponds, and seas, forming clouds in the sky that cool and condense into rain droplets.
• Rain washes off thick dust accumulated on leaves, unblocks stomata for breathing, and deeply soaks the roots with fresh mineral-rich moisture.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Water cycle / cloud formation 1.5 M
Why plants look greener after rain 1.5 M
Q12 Food Diversity • Regional Diets
Why do people living in Kerala eat more rice, fish, and coconut, while people in Punjab eat more wheat chapatis, mustard greens, and lassi?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Regional Food Factors:
• What people eat depends directly on what grows easily and abundantly in their climate and geography.
• Kerala has coastal climate, abundant rainfall, and coconut groves, making fish and rice staples.
• Punjab has fertile plains ideal for wheat and mustard cultivation, and a strong dairy culture.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Climate and agriculture connection 1.5 M
Kerala and Punjab examples explained 1.5 M
Q13 Cooking Methods • Kitchen Science
Match each food item to its primary method of cooking:
(a) Idli — (1) Frying
(b) Puri — (2) Steaming
(c) Roti — (3) Roasting on Tawa.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Matching:
• (a) Idli — (2) Steaming
• (b) Puri — (1) Frying in oil
• (c) Roti — (3) Roasting on Tawa.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Idli-Steaming, Puri-Frying, Roti-Roasting 3 M
Q14 Shelter & Houses • Diversity in Homes
Why are houses in heavy-rainfall regions like Assam built on bamboo stilts with sloping roofs?
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Stilt Houses:
• Bamboo Stilts: Keep the house 10 to 12 feet above ground level to prevent floodwaters and wild animals from entering.
• Sloping Roofs: Allow torrential rainwater to slide off quickly without accumulating or causing leaks.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Reason for bamboo stilts (floods) 1.5 M
Reason for sloping roof (rain runoff) 1.5 M
Q15 Community Helpers • Occupations
Identify the worker who:
(a) Mends our shoes
(b) Delivers letters and parcels
(c) Shapes clay into earthen pots on a wheel
(d) Treats sick people and prescribes medicines.
[2 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Community Helpers:
• (a) Mends shoes: Cobbler
• (b) Delivers letters: Postman / Mail carrier
• (c) Shapes clay pots: Potter
• (d) Treats sick people: Doctor.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Cobbler, Postman, Potter, Doctor 2 M
Q16 Web of Life • Food Chain
What is the 'Web of Life'? Draw a simple food chain showing how grass, deer, and lion are connected.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Web of Life & Food Chain:
• The Web of Life shows that every living organism is interconnected and depends on others for survival.
• Food Chain: Sunlight → Grass (Producer) → Deer (Herbivore) → Lion (Carnivore).
If grass disappears, deer starve; if deer disappear, lions cannot survive.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of Web of Life 1.5 M
Grass → Deer → Lion chain explained 1.5 M
Q17 Review Questions • True or False
Write True or False:
(a) Blind people can read books written in Braille script using their fingertips.
(b) Rainwater is the main natural source of fresh water on Earth.
(c) Animals do not have feelings and cannot communicate danger to each other.
[3 Marks]
✅ Step-by-Step Solution & Working
Answers:
• (a) True: Braille uses raised dots felt with fingertips.
• (b) True: Rain replenishes rivers, lakes, and groundwater.
• (c) False: Animals communicate through warning calls, scents, and body language to alert their group of predators.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
True, True, False with reasoning 3 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study

Classroom Diversity: Supporting Children from Varied Family Backgrounds

During 'Family Day' in a school, students are asked to bring pictures of both their mother and father. A student named Aryan, whose parents are divorced and who lives with his working mother and grandmother, feels anxious and embarrassed.

Analytical Task: How should the school adapt its activities to ensure all children feel celebrated regardless of their family structure?
Evaluation & Model Answer:
Schools should adopt inclusive terminology and flexible activities: (1) Inclusive 'My Loving Family' Projects: Frame assignments around 'People Who Love and Care for Me at Home' rather than rigid 'Mother & Father' templates, welcoming portraits of grandparents, single parents, adoptive guardians, or aunts. (2) Classroom Sensitization: Share stories like 'Families can be Different' to educate children that family is defined by love, warmth, and care rather than a rigid headcount.
Rubric: Inclusive project framing, emotional safety for diverse family structures, empathy in education (4 Marks).