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Unit 1: Joyful Numbers • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 1: A Day at the Beach

Counting in Groups, Pairs & Estimating Collections

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Counting objects by grouping into pairs (twos) and fives.
  • Estimating quantities visually before counting exact amounts.
  • Recognizing more, less, or equal collections of beach shells and pebbles.
3 Pairs of Shells = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 Shells
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (17 Solved Questions)
Q1 Look at the starfish on the sand. There are 4 groups with 2 starfish in each group. How many starfish are there in total? Textbook Exercise • Group Counting 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Number of groups = 4
• Starfish in each group = 2
• Total starfish = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 starfish (or 4 × 2 = 8).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct addition/multiplication sentence 1 M
Final answer with unit (8 starfish) 1 M
Q2 Rohit has 11 flip-flops (slippers). Can he make complete pairs without any slipper left over? Explain your answer. Visual Estimation • Pairs 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• A pair requires 2 items.
• 11 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1.
• Rohit makes 5 complete pairs and 1 slipper is left over. Therefore, 11 is an odd number and cannot form complete pairs.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Division into pairs (5 pairs) 1.5 M
Identification of 1 remainder / odd number 1.5 M
Q3 Aarav found 15 white shells and 9 brown shells on the beach. How many shells did he find in all? Which shells were more and by how many? Word Problem • Shells on the Beach 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
1. White shells = 15
2. Brown shells = 9
3. Total shells = 15 + 9 = 24 shells.
4. Comparison: White shells (15) are more than Brown shells (9).
5. Difference = 15 - 9 = 6 more white shells.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Total shells (15 + 9 = 24) 1.5 M
Comparison and difference (15 - 9 = 6) 1.5 M
Q4 Complete the skip-counting chain: 2, 4, 6, __, __, 12, __, 16. Mental Math • Skip Counting 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
The rule is adding 2 each time:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Filled in 8, 10, 14 correctly 2 M
Q5 Riya collects 20 smooth pebbles and arranges them into groups of 5. How many groups of 5 does she make? Let Us Do • Grouping by 5s 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Total pebbles = 20
• Pebbles per group = 5
• 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20 (4 groups of 5).
• Therefore, Riya makes 4 groups of 5 pebbles.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Grouping breakdown (5+5+5+5) 1 M
Final count: 4 groups 1 M
Q6 Each hand has 5 fingers. How many fingers do 4 children hold up in total? Let Us Do • Finger Counting 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Each child has 2 hands = 10 fingers.
• 4 children have = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 40 fingers.
• (Alternatively: 4 children have 8 hands; 8 × 5 = 40 fingers).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct addition sentence 1 M
Final answer: 40 fingers 1 M
Q7 Look at the pile of coconuts under the palm tree without counting. Guess if there are more than 10 or less than 10 coconuts. If the count is 13, was the guess correct? Estimation • More or Less 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Exact count = 13 coconuts.
• Since 13 is greater than 10 (13 > 10), there are more than 10 coconuts.
• If the guess was 'more than 10', the guess was correct.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Comparison (13 > 10) 1 M
Conclusion: More than 10 1 M
Q8 Can 16 children form pairs of 2 for a three-legged race without anyone being left alone? What about 17 children? Let Us Think • Odd and Even Pairs 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
1. For 16 children: 16 ÷ 2 = 8 complete pairs (nobody is left alone because 16 is an even number).
2. For 17 children: 17 = 16 + 1 = 8 pairs and 1 child is left alone (17 is an odd number).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
16 children form 8 pairs 1.5 M
17 children leaves 1 child out 1.5 M
Q9 A beach picture shows 3 red crabs on one rock and 3 red crabs on another rock. Write the addition sentence and multiplication sentence for the total crabs. Textbook Activity • Crab Counting 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Addition sentence: 3 + 3 = 6 crabs.
• Multiplication sentence: 2 × 3 = 6 crabs (2 groups of 3).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition sentence (3 + 3 = 6) 1 M
Multiplication sentence (2 × 3 = 6) 1 M
Q10 Find the missing number to make a group of 10: (a) 6 + __ = 10, (b) 2 + __ = 10, (c) 7 + __ = 10, (d) 5 + __ = 10. Mental Math • Number Bonds 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
• (a) 6 + 4 = 10
• (b) 2 + 8 = 10
• (c) 7 + 3 = 10
• (d) 5 + 5 = 10.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 number bonds correct (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q11 Tanvi puts 2 sea shells in each small paper pouch. If she has 16 shells, how many pouches will she fill? Word Problem • Shell Pouch 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Total shells = 16
• Shells per pouch = 2
• Skip count by 2s up to 16: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 (8 times).
• Tanvi will fill 8 pouches.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Method / Skip counting by 2 1 M
Final answer: 8 pouches 1 M
Q12 Group A has 3 pairs of flip-flops. Group B has 2 groups of 4 flip-flops. Which group has more flip-flops? Let Us Do • Comparing Groups 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Group A = 3 pairs = 3 × 2 = 6 flip-flops.
• Group B = 2 groups of 4 = 2 × 4 = 8 flip-flops.
• Since 8 > 6, Group B has more flip-flops.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Group A count = 6 1 M
Group B count = 8 1 M
Comparison: Group B has more 1 M
Q13 Count the total number of toes on 5 children's feet by skip-counting in 10s (each child has 10 toes). Skip Counting • Fives Chain 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Skip counting by 10s: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50.
• 5 children have 50 toes altogether.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Skip counting pattern 1 M
Final answer: 50 toes 1 M
Q14 There are 7 left socks and 8 right socks in a laundry basket. How many complete pairs of socks can be made? Which sock is extra? Visual Puzzle • Matching Pairs 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• A complete pair needs 1 left sock and 1 right sock.
• With 7 left socks and 8 right socks, you can make 7 complete pairs.
• 1 right sock is left extra.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
7 complete pairs 1 M
1 right sock extra 1 M
Q15 I am a number between 10 and 20. If you count me in pairs of 2, there is no remainder. If you count me in groups of 5, there is no remainder. What number am I? Let Us Think • Number Riddle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Multiples of 2 between 10 and 20: 12, 14, 16, 18.
• Multiples of 5 between 10 and 20: 15.
• The only multiple of both 2 and 5 (ending in 0) between 10 and 20 is none other than None between 10 and 20 strictly, but if inclusive: 10 or 20.
• For a number strictly between 10 and 20, 15 is odd. If the number is within 1 to 20, 20 (or 10) fits both groups.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Analysis of conditions 1 M
Correct deduction 1 M
Q16 Write True or False:
(a) A pair always means 3 objects.
(b) 14 is an even number because it can be divided into pairs with nothing left over. Summary Drill • True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) False (A pair always means exactly 2 objects).
(b) True (14 = 7 pairs of 2).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) False with reason 1 M
(b) True with reason 1 M
Q17 Draw 3 groups of 3 beach balls. Write the repeated addition sentence and find the total. Creative Math • Beach Drawing 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Group 1: 3 balls
• Group 2: 3 balls
• Group 3: 3 balls
• Repeated addition: 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 beach balls.
• (Multiplication: 3 × 3 = 9).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct grouping representation 1 M
Repeated addition 3+3+3 = 9 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Seashell Collection Project

Real-World Context: Meena collects 14 seashells on the shore. Her brother collects 18 seashells. Meena groups her shells into pairs of 2.

Analytical Task: How many pairs does Meena form? How many total seashells did both children collect altogether?

1. Meena has 14 shells. Since 1 pair = 2 shells, 14 ÷ 2 = 7 pairs.
2. Total seashells = 14 + 18 = 32 seashells.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for pairs calculation + 1.5 M for total sum
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Unit 1: Joyful Numbers • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 2: Shapes Around Us

2D & 3D Shapes, Rolling, Sliding & Surface Properties

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Distinguishing flat (2D) shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle.
  • Exploring solid (3D) shapes: sphere (ball), cylinder (can), cube (dice), cone (party hat).
  • Identifying which objects roll, which slide, and which can both roll and slide.
Circle (Rolls) • Square (Slides) • Triangle (Slides) • Cylinder (Rolls & Slides)
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (18 Solved Questions)
Q1 Classify the following items into 'Rolls', 'Slides', or 'Both Rolls and Slides': (a) Cricket Ball, (b) Eraser, (c) Coin, (d) Pencil. Shape Identification • 2D vs 3D 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Classification:
• (a) Cricket Ball: Rolls (it has only a curved round surface).
• (b) Eraser: Slides (it has flat faces).
• (c) Coin: Both rolls and slides (rolls on circular edge, slides on flat faces).
• (d) Round Pencil: Both rolls (along cylindrical body) and slides (on flat ends).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct classification for all 4 items 3 M
Q2 How many corners and straight edges does a rectangular postcard have? Does a circle have any corners? Corner & Edge Counting 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. A rectangular postcard has 4 straight edges and 4 corners (vertices).
2. A circle has 0 corners and 0 straight edges (it is formed by 1 continuous curved line).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Postcard: 4 edges, 4 corners 1 M
Circle: 0 corners, curved line 1 M
Q3 Can you stack footballs on top of each other to make a tall tower? Why or why not? What shapes make stable towers? Creative Construction • Towers 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• No, we cannot stack round footballs because they have curved surfaces and roll off.
• Objects with flat surfaces like books, square wooden blocks, and shoe boxes make stable towers because flat faces sit securely on each other.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Reason why round balls cannot stack 1.5 M
Identification of flat surface objects for stacking 1.5 M
Q4 Fill in the blanks with 'Flat' or 'Curved':
(a) A blackboard has a ______ surface.
(b) A globe has a ______ surface.
(c) A party hat has both a ______ base and a ______ side surface. Let Us Do • Flat vs Curved Faces 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Flat
(b) Curved
(c) Flat base and a Curved side surface.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct fills (1 M each) 3 M
Q5 What 2D shape will you get if you trace the outline of:
(a) The base of a tea cup?
(b) A matchbox?
(c) A dice?
(d) A ruler? Tracing Shapes • Imprints 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Base of tea cup: Circle
(b) Matchbox: Rectangle
(c) Dice: Square
(d) Ruler: Long Rectangle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 shapes identified correctly (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q6 Why are the wheels of cars, buses, and bicycles made round (circular) and not square or triangular? Let Us Think • Wheels of Vehicles 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Round wheels have a smooth curved surface with no sharp corners, allowing them to roll effortlessly with minimal friction.
• Square or triangular wheels have corners that would get stuck on the ground and bump violently, making vehicles unable to roll smoothly.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rolling property of curved surfaces 1 M
Obstacle of sharp corners explained 1 M
Q7 How many corners and straight sides does a samosa or a road sign triangle have? Can a triangle have a curved side? Shape Properties • Triangles 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. A triangle has 3 straight sides and 3 corners.
2. No, a standard geometric triangle cannot have a curved side; all three sides must be straight lines.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
3 sides and 3 corners 1 M
Sides must be straight 1 M
Q8 State one similarity and one difference between a square and a rectangle. Comparing 2D Shapes • Square vs Rectangle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Similarity: Both have 4 straight sides and 4 square corners (vertices).
• Difference: In a square, all 4 sides are equal in length, whereas in a rectangle, only opposite sides are equal.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Similarity: 4 sides & 4 corners 1 M
Difference: Equal sides vs opposite sides 1 M
Q9 In a carrom game, what happens when you slide the striker on its flat face? What happens if you stand the striker on its round edge and push it? Rolling and Sliding Game 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• When placed flat, the striker slides smoothly across the board.
• When stood on its circular edge and pushed, the striker rolls forward like a tiny wheel.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Flat face slides 1 M
Circular edge rolls 1 M
Q10 In a drawing of a toy truck made of shapes:
• The body is 1 rectangle.
• The cabin is 1 square.
• The wheels are 4 circles.
• The headlights are 2 triangles.
How many total geometric shapes were used? Let Us Do • Count Shapes in a Picture 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Rectangle = 1
• Square = 1
• Circles = 4
• Triangles = 2
• Total shapes = 1 + 1 + 4 + 2 = 8 shapes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Shape breakdown 1 M
Total = 8 shapes 1 M
Q11 Match each solid shape name to its real-world example:
1. Sphere — (A) Party hat
2. Cylinder — (B) Wooden playing dice
3. Cone — (C) Can of tomato soup
4. Cube — (D) Tennis ball 3D Solid Names • Everyday Match 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Correct Matching:
1. Sphere ➔ (D) Tennis ball
2. Cylinder ➔ (C) Can of tomato soup
3. Cone ➔ (A) Party hat
4. Cube ➔ (B) Wooden playing dice.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correctly matched (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q12 Which of the following can be stacked to make a stable pile without falling?
(a) Matchboxes, (b) Marbles, (c) 5-rupee coins, (d) Oranges, (e) Exercise books. Let Us Think • Can You Stack? 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Can be stacked: (a) Matchboxes, (c) 5-rupee coins, and (e) Exercise books (all have flat faces).
• Cannot be stacked: (b) Marbles and (d) Oranges (round spherical objects roll off).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct stacking list 1 M
Correct non-stacking list with reason 1 M
Q13 Can you combine two identical triangles along their longest side to make a square or rectangle? Explain. Creative Math • Tangram / Shape Art 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Yes, joining two identical right-angled triangles along their longest side (hypotenuse) forms a complete square or rectangle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Affirmative answer (Yes) 1 M
Forms square or rectangle 1 M
Q14 I have 0 flat sides, 0 corners, and I look identical from every angle. I love rolling on the grass. What 3D shape am I? Shape Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
I am a Sphere (like a ball or globe).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified as Sphere 1 M
Q15 I have 1 circular flat base and 1 pointed corner at the top. You put me on your head at birthday parties. What shape am I? Shape Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
I am a Cone (Party hat).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified as Cone 1 M
Q16 Run your finger along the rim of a coin. Is the edge straight or curved? Run your finger along a textbook page. Is the edge straight or curved? Let Us Do • Edge Inspection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The rim of a coin is a curved edge.
• The edge of a textbook page is a straight edge.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Coin edge: curved 1 M
Page edge: straight 1 M
Q17 Write True or False:
(a) A cylinder has 2 flat circular faces and 1 curved surface.
(b) A cube has 6 flat square faces.
(c) A triangle has 4 corners. True or False • Shape Knowledge 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) False (A triangle has exactly 3 corners).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 evaluated correctly (1 M each) 3 M
Q18 If you take a square sheet of paper and snip off one of its corners with scissors, how many corners does the paper now have? Visual Problem • Cut Corner 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Cutting off 1 corner replaces that 1 corner with 2 new corners.
• Remaining corners = 3 original + 2 new = 5 corners (the paper becomes a pentagon!).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Explanation of corner replacement 1 M
Final count: 5 corners 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Playground Ramp Experiment

Real-World Context: During lunch break, Ananya slides her lunchbox down a slide and rolls an apple down the same slide.

Analytical Task: Why does the apple roll while the lunchbox slides? Name one everyday item that can do both.

1. The apple has a curved surface without flat edges, allowing it to roll smoothly.
2. The lunchbox has flat surfaces, so it slides along the slide.
3. A coin or a carrom coin or a water bottle can both roll (on its curved side) and slide (on its flat face).
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for surface explanation + 1.5 M for coin/bottle example
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Unit 2: Number Play • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 3: Fun with Numbers

2-Digit Numbers (1–100), Tens & Ones Place Value & Ordering

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Building numbers 1 to 100 with bundles of 10 and single units (ones).
  • Finding predecessor (before), successor (after), and between numbers.
  • Comparing 2-digit numbers using <, >, and = symbols.
  • Expanding numbers into Tens and Ones (e.g. 64 = 60 + 4).
3 Tens (30) + 3 Ones (3) = 33
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (20 Solved Questions)
Q1 Write the number shown by 5 bundles of 10 sticks and 8 loose sticks. What is the value of the digit in the tens place? Tens and Ones Place Value 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 5 bundles of 10 = 5 tens = 50
• 8 loose sticks = 8 ones = 8
• Number = 50 + 8 = 58.
• The digit in the tens place is 5, and its value is 50.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Number identification: 58 1 M
Value of tens digit: 50 1 M
Q2 Expand the following numbers into Tens and Ones:
(a) 43 = __ tens + __ ones = __ + __
(b) 76 = __ tens + __ ones = __ + __
(c) 90 = __ tens + __ ones = __ + __ Number Expansion 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 43 = 4 tens + 3 ones = 40 + 3
(b) 76 = 7 tens + 6 ones = 70 + 6
(c) 90 = 9 tens + 0 ones = 90 + 0.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Part (a) correct 1 M
Part (b) correct 1 M
Part (c) correct 1 M
Q3 Fill in the missing numbers:
(a) What comes just before 60? ______
(b) What comes just after 89? ______
(c) What comes between 74 and 76? ______
(d) What comes between 98 and 100? ______ Before, After and Between 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Just before 60 is 59.
(b) Just after 89 is 90.
(c) Between 74 and 76 is 75.
(d) Between 98 and 100 is 99.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q4 Insert <, >, or = in the boxes:
(a) 47 [ ] 74
(b) 85 [ ] 58
(c) 63 [ ] 60 + 3
(d) 91 [ ] 99 Comparing 2-Digit Numbers 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 47 < 74 (4 tens is less than 7 tens)
(b) 85 > 58 (8 tens is greater than 5 tens)
(c) 63 = 60 + 3 (both equal 63)
(d) 91 < 99 (same tens, but 1 one is less than 9 ones).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correct comparison signs (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q5 Arrange the given numbers in ascending order (smallest to greatest): 54, 21, 88, 37, 19. Ordering Numbers • Increasing Order 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Compare tens digits: 19 (1 ten), 21 (2 tens), 37 (3 tens), 54 (5 tens), 88 (8 tens).
• Ascending Order: 19, 21, 37, 54, 88.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Method of comparing tens digits 1 M
Correct order: 19, 21, 37, 54, 88 1 M
Q6 Arrange the given numbers in descending order (greatest to smallest): 62, 95, 34, 79, 41. Ordering Numbers • Decreasing Order 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Compare tens digits: 95 (9 tens), 79 (7 tens), 62 (6 tens), 41 (4 tens), 34 (3 tens).
• Descending Order: 95, 79, 62, 41, 34.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct descending sequence 2 M
Q7 Write the number names for: (a) 38, (b) 65, (c) 82, (d) 49. Number Names in Words 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 38 = Thirty-eight
(b) 65 = Sixty-five
(c) 82 = Eighty-two
(d) 49 = Forty-nine.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct spellings for all 4 numbers 2 M
Q8 Write the numeral for:
(a) Seventy-one: ______
(b) Fifty-four: ______
(c) Eighty-eight: ______
(d) Ninety-nine: ______ Numerals from Words 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 71
(b) 54
(c) 88
(d) 99.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 numerals correct (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q9 Starting from 10, skip count forward by 10s up to 100. Write the complete series. Skip Counting on 100-Chart 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Complete 10s sequence 2 M
Q10 Write the backward counting from 50 down to 42. Backward Counting 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Accurate backward counting 2 M
Q11 An abacus has 6 green beads on the Tens spike and 3 blue beads on the Ones spike. What number does the abacus represent? Abacus Representation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Tens spike = 6 beads = 60
• Ones spike = 3 beads = 3
• Number represented = 60 + 3 = 63.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tens and ones value 1 M
Total number: 63 1 M
Q12 I have 7 in my tens place and the same digit in my ones place. What number am I? Number Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Tens digit = 7
• Ones digit = 7
• The number is 77 (Seventy-seven).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified 77 1 M
Q13 I am more than 30 but less than 40. My ones digit is double my tens digit (3 × 2 = 6). What number am I? Number Riddle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Tens digit = 3
• Ones digit = 3 × 2 = 6
• The number is 36.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Deduction steps 1 M
Number = 36 1 M
Q14 From the numbers [64, 46, 82, 28, 75]:
(a) Which is the greatest number?
(b) Which is the smallest number? Greatest and Smallest 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) Greatest number is 82 (has the largest tens digit, 8).
(b) Smallest number is 28 (has the smallest tens digit, 2).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Greatest: 82 1 M
Smallest: 28 1 M
Q15 Kabir has 47 glass marbles. His cousin Aman has 52 glass marbles. Who has more marbles and by how many? Word Problem • Marble Collection 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
1. Aman has 52, Kabir has 47.
2. Since 52 > 47, Aman has more marbles.
3. Difference = 52 - 47 = 5 more marbles.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Aman has more marbles 1.5 M
Difference = 5 marbles 1.5 M
Q16 Complete the table:
• 2 tens + 5 ones = [__]
• 8 tens + 9 ones = [__]
• 6 tens + 0 ones = [__]
• 1 ten + 7 ones = [__] Let Us Do • Tens and Ones Table 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
• 2 tens + 5 ones = 25
• 8 tens + 9 ones = 89
• 6 tens + 0 ones = 60
• 1 ten + 7 ones = 17.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 table rows correct (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q17 A grasshopper starts at 25 and takes 3 big hops of 5 forward. Which numbers does it land on? Mental Math • Number Line 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Hop 1: 25 + 5 = 30
• Hop 2: 30 + 5 = 35
• Hop 3: 35 + 5 = 40.
• The grasshopper lands on 30, 35, and finishes on 40.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Intermediate hops 1 M
Final landing number 40 1 M
Q18 Write True or False:
(a) In the number 83, the place value of 8 is 8.
(b) 10 tens make 100.
(c) The smallest 2-digit number is 10. True or False • Place Value 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) False (The place value of 8 in 83 is 80).
(b) True (10 × 10 = 100).
(c) True (10 is the first 2-digit number).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 statements evaluated correctly (1 M each) 3 M
Q19 Using the digits 3 and 7 once each, form:
(a) The greatest 2-digit number.
(b) The smallest 2-digit number. Making Numbers with Digits 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) Greatest 2-digit number: Put larger digit 7 in tens place = 73.
(b) Smallest 2-digit number: Put smaller digit 3 in tens place = 37.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Greatest: 73 1 M
Smallest: 37 1 M
Q20 Meera makes necklaces using 10 beads in each necklace. If she has 38 beads, how many complete necklaces can she make? How many beads are left over? Real-Life Math • Bead Necklace 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Total beads = 38
• Beads per necklace = 10
• 38 = 30 + 8 = (3 tens) + (8 ones).
• Meera can make 3 complete necklaces and 8 beads are left over.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
3 complete necklaces 1 M
8 beads remainder 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Classroom Pencil Inventory

Real-World Context: The class teacher has 4 boxes of 10 pencils each, and 7 loose pencils on her desk. She needs 50 pencils for an art contest.

Analytical Task: How many total pencils does the teacher have right now? How many more pencils does she need to reach 50?

1. 4 boxes of 10 = 4 × 10 = 40 pencils.
2. Plus 7 loose pencils = 40 + 7 = 47 pencils.
3. Shortage to reach 50 = 50 - 47 = 3 more pencils needed.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for total inventory (47) + 1.5 M for shortage calculation (3)
4
Unit 2: Number Play • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 4: Shadow Story

Togethe, Shapes, Silhouettes, Light Sources & Size Patterns

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Observing how shadows change size depending on the light source position.
  • Recognizing shapes and animal silhouettes through hand-shadow play.
  • Comparing morning, noon, and evening shadow lengths.
Sun Angle Determines Shadow Length & Direction
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (17 Solved Questions)
Q1 What two things are needed to make a shadow? Can you see your shadow in a pitch-dark room? Shadow Formation Science 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. You need a source of light (like the sun, a torch, or a lamp) and an opaque object that blocks the light.
2. No, you cannot see a shadow in a completely dark room because there is no light to be blocked.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Light source and opaque object mentioned 1 M
No shadow in darkness explained 1 M
Q2 When during the sunny day is your shadow:
(a) Longest?
(b) Shortest? Time of Day and Shadow Length 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) Longest: In the early morning and late afternoon/evening when the sun is low on the horizon.
(b) Shortest: At midday / noon (12:00 PM) when the sun is directly overhead.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Morning/evening longest 1 M
Noon shortest 1 M
Q3 Look at the shadow of an animal with long upright ears and a short round tail. Which animal is it - an elephant, a rabbit, or a duck? Silhouette Matching 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
It is a Rabbit (long upright ears and fluffy tail are unmistakable features).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified as Rabbit 1 M
Q4 How can you use your two hands to make the shadow of a flying bird on a white wall? Hand Shadow Art 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Cross your thumbs together and link them.
• Spread your fingers wide and flutter them up and down like flapping wings.
• The shadow on the wall looks like a bird flying in the sky.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Linked thumbs described 1 M
Fluttering fingers / wing motion described 1 M
Q5 If Neha wears a bright red dress, what color will her shadow be? Can a shadow be colorful? Shadow Color Property 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Her shadow will be dark grey / black.
• No, shadows cannot be colorful because a shadow is simply an area where light is blocked; it does not carry the color of the object.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Shadow is dark grey/black 1 M
Reason: light is blocked, not reflected 1 M
Q6 Why does a clear glass window not cast a dark shadow, while a wooden door casts a very dark shadow? Transparent vs Opaque 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Clear glass is transparent, so light passes right through it without being blocked.
• A wooden door is opaque, completely stopping light and creating a sharp dark shadow behind it.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Glass is transparent (light passes) 1 M
Wood is opaque (blocks light) 1 M
Q7 What happens to the shadow of a toy car on the wall as you bring the torch closer to the car? Does it become bigger or smaller? Light Source Distance and Size 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• When the torch is moved closer to the toy car, the car blocks a wider angle of light rays.
• Therefore, the shadow becomes much bigger (larger).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Becomes bigger 1 M
Reason (wider angle of blocked rays) 1 M
Q8 In the morning, the sun rises in the East. In which direction will your shadow fall? Direction of Shadow 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Shadows always fall in the direction opposite to the light source.
• Since the sun is in the East, your shadow will fall toward the West.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Opposite to light source rule 1 M
Direction: West 1 M
Q9 Name three sources of light that can create shadows at night. Night Light Sources 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. Street lamps
2. A torch or flashlight
3. The Moon / candle light.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Three valid night light sources listed 2 M
Q10 Which 3D shape casts a circular shadow when illuminated from any direction? Which shape casts a triangular shadow? Shadow Matching Shapes 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• A Sphere (ball) always casts a circular shadow from every direction.
• A Cone casts a triangular shadow when light shines from its side.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sphere for circular shadow 1 M
Cone for triangular shadow 1 M
Q11 Why do cows and street dogs rest under the shadow of a banyan tree during hot sunny days? Let Us Think • Cool Shade 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The thick leaves of the tree block the scorching sunlight, creating a dark, cool shadow (shade).
• The ground under the shadow is much cooler than the open sunny road, giving animals relief from heat.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Blocking scorching sunlight 1 M
Cooler ground temperature explained 1 M
Q12 Look at the pattern of shadows of a stick: 9 AM (Long Left), 12 PM (Short Center), 3 PM (Long Right). What pattern rule is being followed? Shadow Pattern Sequence 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The rule is following the sun's journey across the sky from East to West.
• The shadow shifts smoothly from West (morning) ➔ Underneath (noon) ➔ East (afternoon) while changing in length.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sun movement rule explained 1 M
West to East shadow progression 1 M
Q13 Write True or False:
(a) An object can cast two shadows at the same time if there are two lights in the room.
(b) Flying birds high in the sky cast big dark shadows on our feet. True or False • Shadows 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True (Each distinct light source creates its own shadow).
(b) False (When birds fly very high, light fills in around them and no distinct shadow reaches the ground).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) True with explanation 1 M
(b) False with explanation 1 M
Q14 Hold 2 fingers up in front of a lamp. How many finger shadows do you see? Now hold up 4 fingers. How many shadows appear? Experiment with Finger Shadows 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• With 2 fingers, you see 2 finger shadows.
• With 4 fingers, you see 4 finger shadows.
• Every finger blocks light independently, creating its own outline.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
2 shadows then 4 shadows 1 M
Independent blocking explained 1 M
Q15 I follow you in the sunshine, but disappear in the dark. I run when you run, but make no sound at all. Who am I? Creative Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
I am your Shadow.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct answer: Shadow 1 M
Q16 When is your shadow longest during the day, and when is it shortest? Textbook Activity • Morning vs Noon Shadows 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Our shadow is longest in the early morning and late afternoon when the sun is low on the horizon.
• Our shadow is shortest at noon (12 o'clock) when the sun is directly overhead.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Longest in morning/afternoon 1 M
Shortest at noon 1 M
Q17 Using a flashlight against a white wall, can you make your hand shadow look like a barking dog or a flying bird? Textbook Activity • Hand Shadow Animals 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Yes! By bending the thumb and fingers into special shapes between the light and the wall, the hand casts a silhouette that looks like a barking dog or flapping bird.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Silhouette formed by blocking light 1 M
Correct hand posture example 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Playground Shadow Tracking

Real-World Context: At 8:00 AM, Rohan's shadow measures 14 handspans on the school ground. At 12:00 noon, his shadow measures only 3 handspans.

Analytical Task: Why did Rohan's shadow become so short at noon? What will happen to his shadow at 5:00 PM in the evening?

1. At noon, the sun is directly overhead, casting light from above so the shadow is at its shortest.
2. At 5:00 PM, the sun sinks low in the western sky, so his shadow will become long again, pointing toward the east.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for noon explanation + 1.5 M for evening prediction
5
Unit 3: Lines, Patterns & Measures • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 5: Playing with Lines

Standing (Vertical), Sleeping (Horizontal), Slanting (Diagonal) & Curved Lines

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Distinguishing the 4 basic line types: standing, sleeping, slanting, and curved.
  • Analyzing straight vs curved line components in letters of the English alphabet and numbers.
  • Creating stick-figure dancer drawings and clock hands using line combinations.
Standing (Vertical) • Sleeping (Horizontal) • Slanting (Diagonal) • Curved
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (18 Solved Questions)
Q1 Classify each everyday object with its matching line type:
(a) A tall straight flagpole
(b) The edge of a calm swimming pool
(c) A sliding board in a park
(d) A round hula hoop Line Classification 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Classification:
(a) Flagpole: Standing line (Vertical)
(b) Swimming pool edge: Sleeping line (Horizontal)
(c) Sliding board: Slanting line (Diagonal)
(d) Hula hoop: Curved line.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 correctly classified (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q2 Count the lines in the capital letter 'H':
(a) How many standing lines?
(b) How many sleeping lines?
(c) Are there any curved lines? Alphabet Line Analysis 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) Standing lines = 2 (the two upright sides).
(b) Sleeping lines = 1 (the bar across the middle).
(c) Curved lines = 0 (none).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
2 standing lines 1 M
1 sleeping line, 0 curved 1 M
Q3 Which line types make up the capital letter 'A'? Name them and count each. Alphabet Line Analysis 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The letter 'A' is made of:
1. 2 slanting lines (the two sides that meet at the top peak).
2. 1 sleeping line (the crossbar in the middle).
• Total = 3 straight lines.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
2 slanting lines identified 1 M
1 sleeping line identified 1 M
Q4 Group the following letters into 'Only Straight Lines' and 'Only Curved Lines':
[ E, O, L, C, T, S ]. Straight vs Curved Letters 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Grouping:
• Only Straight Lines: E, L, T
• Only Curved Lines: O, C, S.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Straight letters (E, L, T) correct 1 M
Curved letters (O, C, S) correct 1 M
Q5 Name three capital letters that have BOTH straight lines AND curved lines. Letters with Both Lines 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
Examples include:
1. B (1 standing line + 2 curved lines)
2. D (1 standing line + 1 curved line)
3. P (1 standing line + 1 curved line)
*(Also: R, G, J)*.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Any 3 correct letters with breakdown 2 M
Q6 Look at the hands of a clock:
(a) At 6:00 o'clock, what single line do the two hands form together?
(b) At 3:00 o'clock, which two types of lines do the hands form? Clock Hands Lines 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) At 6:00, the hour hand points down and minute hand points straight up, forming one straight standing line.
(b) At 3:00, the minute hand is a standing line and the hour hand is a sleeping line (forming a right angle).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6:00 forms standing line 1 M
3:00 forms standing + sleeping line 1 M
Q7 Which single-digit numbers are written using ONLY straight lines? (Look at digits 1, 4, 7). Number Line Analysis 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The digits 1, 4, and 7 can be written using only straight lines.
(Digit 1 has 1 standing line; digit 4 has standing, sleeping, and slanting lines; digit 7 has sleeping and slanting lines).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified 1, 4, 7 1 M
Explanation of lines 1 M
Q8 Which single-digit number is made of exactly ONE continuous curved line? Number Line Analysis 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
The digit 0 (and digit 8 has curved loops). Digit 0 is 1 smooth continuous curved line.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Digit 0 identified 1 M
Q9 What kind of line do you get if you trace along:
(a) The side edge of a ruler?
(b) The edge of a round steel bangle? Drawing with Objects 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) Ruler edge: A straight line (standing, sleeping, or slanting).
(b) Steel bangle edge: A curved line (circle).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Ruler: straight line 1 M
Bangle: curved line 1 M
Q10 In a Warli folk painting, figures are drawn with lines and triangles. How are arms shown when dancing with joy? Dancing Stick Figures 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The arms are shown using slanting lines raised upwards toward the sky, or curved arcs joining hands in a circle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Slanting lines / curved lines identified 2 M
Q11 In the word 'TOP':
• 'T' has 1 sleeping line and 1 standing line.
• 'O' has 1 curved line.
• 'P' has 1 standing line and 1 curved line.
How many total straight lines are in the word 'TOP'? Let Us Do • Line Count in Words 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• In 'T': 1 sleeping + 1 standing = 2 straight lines.
• In 'O': 0 straight lines.
• In 'P': 1 standing line = 1 straight line.
• Total straight lines = 2 + 0 + 1 = 3 straight lines.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Line breakdown per letter 1 M
Total = 3 straight lines 1 M
Q12 Why are stairs and ladders made with slanting lines instead of standing vertical lines? Let Us Think • Slanting Lines 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Slanting lines provide a gentle slope that people can climb comfortably and safely without falling backwards.
• A purely vertical line would be too steep to walk on without climbing with ropes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Gentle slope for climbing explained 1 M
Safety / balance factor 1 M
Q13 Write True or False:
(a) A sleeping line goes left to right like the horizon.
(b) You can draw a perfect circle using only straight lines.
(c) A triangle has 3 straight lines. True or False • Line Rules 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True
(b) False (A circle requires a curved line).
(c) True (A triangle has 3 straight sides).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q14 Complete the line pattern: | , — , / , | , — , / , __ , __. Line Pattern Puzzle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
The repeating rule is: Standing (|), Sleeping (—), Slanting (/).
The next two lines are: | (Standing) and — (Sleeping).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Repeating rule identified 1 M
Next two lines (| and —) 1 M
Q15 Using 4 straight lines of equal length, what shape can you construct? What if you use 3 straight lines? Creative Construction 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• With 4 straight lines of equal length: A Square (or Rhombus).
• With 3 straight lines: A Triangle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Square for 4 equal lines 1 M
Triangle for 3 lines 1 M
Q16 I am neither standing straight nor lying flat asleep. I lean over like a walking stick or a ramp. What line am I? Line Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
I am a Slanting line (Diagonal line).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified Slanting line 1 M
Q17 Which capital letters are made using ONLY straight standing and sleeping lines? (A) H, E, F, L, T (B) C, O, S (C) P, B, R Textbook Activity • Alphabet Line Tracing 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• (A) H, E, F, L, T are made entirely of straight standing (vertical) and sleeping (horizontal) lines without any curves.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identification of H, E, F, L, T 2 M
Q18 Look at a wall clock at 3 o'clock. What kind of lines do the hour hand and minute hand form? Textbook Activity • Clock Hands 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The hour hand pointing at 3 is a sleeping (horizontal) line.
• The minute hand pointing at 12 is a standing (vertical) line.
• Together they form a corner (right angle).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Standing and sleeping lines identified 2 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Art Class Stick Figure Choreography

Real-World Context: During art class, Priya draws 3 stick-figure Bharatanatyam dancers using only chalk lines. For each dancer, she uses 1 standing line for the body, 2 slanting lines for arms, and 2 slanting lines for legs.

Analytical Task: How many slanting lines did Priya draw for all 3 dancers together? How many standing lines in total?

1. Each dancer has 2 arm lines + 2 leg lines = 4 slanting lines.
2. For 3 dancers: 3 × 4 = 12 slanting lines.
3. Standing lines: 1 per dancer × 3 dancers = 3 standing lines.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for slanting line calculation (12) + 1.5 M for standing line count (3)
6
Unit 3: Lines, Patterns & Measures • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 6: Decoration for Festival

Repeating & Growing Patterns, Rangoli Symmetry & Border Tessellations

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Identifying repeating design units in torans, rangoli, and fabric borders.
  • Recognizing growing geometric and number patterns (e.g. 2, 4, 6...; 10, 20, 30...).
  • Completing symmetrical Rangoli dot grids and alternating tile arrangements.
Repeating Toran Pattern: Circle, Triangle, Circle, Triangle...
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (17 Solved Questions)
Q1 Look at the pattern: 🔴, 🔷, 🔴, 🔷, 🔴, __, __.
What comes in the next two blanks? Repeating Shape Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The pattern alternates between red circle and blue diamond.
• Next two shapes: 🔷 (Blue diamond) and 🔴 (Red circle).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Pattern rule identified 1 M
Both shapes correct 1 M
Q2 Observe the growing pattern:
Step 1: 1 square (🟩)
Step 2: 2 squares (🟩 🟩)
Step 3: 3 squares (🟩 🟩 🟩)
How many squares will be in Step 5? What is the growing rule? Growing Shape Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Growing rule: Add 1 square at each step.
• Step 4 = 4 squares.
• Step 5 = 5 squares.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Growing rule stated (+1 each step) 1 M
Step 5 has 5 squares 1 M
Q3 Complete the growing number pattern: 3, 5, 7, 9, __, __, 15. Number Patterns • Adding 2 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Rule: Add 2 to each number (consecutive odd numbers).
• 9 + 2 = 11
• 11 + 2 = 13
• The missing numbers are 11 and 13.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rule identified (+2) 1 M
11 and 13 correct 1 M
Q4 Complete the skip sequence: 10, 15, 20, __, __, 35, __. Number Patterns • Adding 5 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Rule: Adding 5 each step.
• Series: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
25, 30, and 40 filled correctly 2 M
Q5 Complete the countdown pattern: 80, 70, 60, __, __, 30, __. Decreasing Number Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Rule: Subtracting 10 each step.
• Series: 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rule: minus 10 1 M
50, 40, 20 correct 1 M
Q6 Complete the letter series: AA, BB, CC, __, __, FF. Letter Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Rule: Doubling each English alphabet letter in alphabetical order.
• Missing pairs are DD and EE.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
DD and EE correct 2 M
Q7 Find the next two terms: A1, B2, C3, D4, __, __. Letter and Number Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Rule: Next alphabet letter paired with next counting number.
• Next two terms: E5 and F6.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
E5 and F6 correct 2 M
Q8 Complete the rotating arrow pattern: ⬆ (Up), ➡ (Right), ⬇ (Down), ⬅ (Left), ⬆ (Up), __, __. Arrow Direction Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Rule: 90° clockwise rotation.
• Next two arrows: ➡ (Right) and ⬇ (Down).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Clockwise turn rule 1 M
Right and Down arrows 1 M
Q9 In a 4-by-4 dot rangoli grid, if you draw a curved petal on the left side, what must you do on the right side to keep it symmetrical? Rangoli Dot Grid Symmetry 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• To make it symmetrical, you must draw an identical curved petal mirrored on the right side at the exact same distance from the center line.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mirror image concept 1 M
Same distance from center line 1 M
Q10 Find the mistake in this pattern: 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12. Which number is wrong and what should it be? Spot the Mistake 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The pattern is counting by 2s (even numbers).
• The number 9 is wrong.
• It should be 8 (because 6 + 2 = 8).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified 9 as wrong 1 M
Correct replacement: 8 1 M
Q11 Why can square floor tiles cover a rectangular hall completely without leaving empty gaps, while round circular tiles cannot? Floor Tiling Tessellation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Squares have straight edges and 90° corners that fit snugly side-by-side without any empty spaces.
• Circles have curved rims, so when placed together, they always leave gaps (holes) between them.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Straight edges fit seamlessly 1 M
Curved rims leave gaps 1 M
Q12 A strip of 10 diyas is painted in alternating colors: Gold, Silver, Gold, Silver...
(a) What color is the 7th diya?
(b) What color is the 10th diya? Alternating Color Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th) are Gold.
• Even positions (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th) are Silver.
(a) The 7th diya is Gold.
(b) The 10th diya is Silver.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
7th is Gold 1 M
10th is Silver 1 M
Q13 Look at the pattern of adding consecutive numbers:
1 + 2 = 3
2 + 3 = 5
3 + 4 = 7
What is 4 + 5? What is 5 + 6? What pattern do the answers make? Number Tower Pattern 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• 4 + 5 = 9
• 5 + 6 = 11
• The answers (3, 5, 7, 9, 11) form a pattern of odd numbers growing by 2 each time.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
4+5=9 1 M
5+6=11 1 M
Pattern: Odd numbers increasing by 2 1 M
Q14 A border pattern has: 2 leaves pointing UP, then 2 leaves pointing DOWN, then 2 leaves pointing UP. What comes next? Saree Border Pattern 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
Next comes 2 leaves pointing DOWN (following the repeating pair rule).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
2 leaves pointing Down 1 M
Q15 Name two animals that have beautiful natural patterns on their bodies. Let Us Think • Nature Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. Zebra: Black and white alternating stripes.
2. Tiger: Orange body with dark black stripes.
*(Also: Leopard with circular rosettes, Peacock with eye-spot feathers)*.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two animals with pattern described 2 M
Q16 I start at 1. Every step I double: 1, 2, 4, 8, __. What is my next number? Pattern Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Double of 8 is 8 + 8 = 16.
• The next number is 16.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
16 correct 1 M
Q17 Create a repeating 3-element pattern using shapes (Circle, Triangle, Star). Write out 9 terms. Creative Pattern Task 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Repeating unit: Circle (⭕), Triangle (🔺), Star (⭐).
• 9 terms: ⭕, 🔺, ⭐, ⭕, 🔺, ⭐, ⭕, 🔺, ⭐.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Repeating unit of 3 elements 1 M
9 complete terms correctly written 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Diwali Toran Stringing Task

Real-World Context: Simran strings a door toran using yellow marigolds and green mango leaves. She follows the rule: 2 leaves followed by 1 marigold.

Analytical Task: If her toran has 6 marigolds in total, how many mango leaves did Simran use? How many items are on the toran altogether?

1. For every 1 marigold, she uses 2 leaves.
2. For 6 marigolds: 6 × 2 = 12 mango leaves.
3. Total items on toran = 12 leaves + 6 marigolds = 18 items.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for leaves calculation (12) + 1.5 M for total items (18)
7
Unit 3: Lines, Patterns & Measures • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 7: Rani's Gift

Non-Standard Units of Length: Handspan, Footsteps, Cubit & Comparisons

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Measuring length using non-standard body units: finger-widths, handspans, footsteps, cubits.
  • Understanding why non-standard units vary between children and adults.
  • Comparing lengths and heights using words: longer/shorter, taller/shorter, thicker/thinner.
Desk Length = 4 Handspans Long
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (18 Solved Questions)
Q1 Name 4 parts of your body that you can use to measure length without a ruler. Body Units of Measurement 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. Handspan (from tip of thumb to tip of little finger stretched)
2. Fingers / Finger-width
3. Footstep / Pace
4. Cubit (from elbow to tip of middle finger).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 valid body units named (0.5 M each) 2 M
Q2 Rohan measures his math textbook and finds it is 2 handspans long. His teacher measures the same book and says it is only 1 handspan long. Explain why. Comparing Lengths • Handspan 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The teacher's hand is an adult hand, which is much bigger and broader than child Rohan's hand.
• Since the teacher's handspan is twice as long, she needs only 1 handspan while Rohan needs 2.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Adult hand is larger explained 1 M
Inverse relationship with unit count 1 M
Q3 Which body unit would be best to measure:
(a) The length of an eraser?
(b) The length of your classroom floor?
(c) The length of your study table? Selecting Appropriate Unit 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Eraser: Finger-widths (very small object).
(b) Classroom floor: Footsteps / Paces (long distance).
(c) Study table: Handspan or Cubit (medium object).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 appropriate units matched (1 M each) 3 M
Q4 Look at a giraffe and a rabbit:
(a) Who is taller?
(b) Who is shorter? Taller vs Shorter 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) The Giraffe is taller.
(b) The Rabbit is shorter.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Both identified correctly 1 M
Q5 Compare the trunk of a banyan tree and the stem of a rose plant. Which one is thicker and which is thinner? Thicker vs Thinner 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The trunk of the banyan tree is thicker.
• The stem of the rose plant is thinner.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Thicker and thinner identified 1 M
Q6 Arrange from shortest to longest:
[ Cricket bat, Safety pin, Toothbrush, Walking stick ]. Ordering by Length 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. Safety pin (shortest)
2. Toothbrush
3. Cricket bat
4. Walking stick (longest).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct ascending length order 2 M
Q7 A notebook is measured using new wooden pencils. It is exactly 3 pencils long. If each pencil is 6 fingers long, how many fingers long is the notebook? Let Us Do • Pencil Measurement 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Notebook = 3 pencils
• Each pencil = 6 fingers
• Total length = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 fingers long (or 3 × 6 = 18).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition/multiplication setup 1 M
Total = 18 fingers 1 M
Q8 Two trees stand in a park. Suman takes 15 footsteps to walk between them. Her father takes 10 footsteps. Whose footsteps are longer? Measuring Distance between Objects 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Her father's footsteps are longer because he covers the exact same distance in fewer steps (10 < 15).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Father's steps are longer 1 M
Fewer steps for same distance explained 1 M
Q9 What is a 'Cubit'? Which people traditionally used cubits to measure cloth and flower garlands? Cubit Definition 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• A cubit is the length from a person's elbow to the tip of their outstretched middle finger.
• Cloth merchants and flower sellers (garland makers) traditionally used cubits (hath).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Elbow to middle fingertip defined 1 M
Garland/cloth sellers named 1 M
Q10 If every student's handspan is different, why do we need standard instruments like rulers and measuring tapes? Why We Need a Ruler 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Standard rulers give the exact same measurement no matter who measures.
• This avoids confusion and disputes when buying clothes, building houses, or cutting wood.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Uniform measurement for everyone 1 M
Fairness and accuracy in trade 1 M
Q11 Write True or False:
(a) A handspan is measured with all fingers tightly closed into a fist.
(b) Your desk length measured in your handspans will always be a whole number.
(c) A puppy's footstep is shorter than a horse's stride. True or False • Measurement 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) False (Handspan requires fingers stretched wide apart).
(b) False (It can be 3 handspans and 2 fingers).
(c) True (Puppy is much smaller than horse).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q12 Guess the length of your pencil box: Is it more than 1 handspan or less than 1 handspan? Measure and check. Estimating Length 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• For most primary students, a pencil box is roughly 1 handspan long (or slightly more than 1 handspan, about 1 handspan and 2 fingers).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Reasonable estimation stated 1 M
Q13 Pooja has a blue ribbon that is 8 handspans long. She cuts off 3 handspans for her doll's dress. How many handspans of ribbon are left? Word Problem • Ribbon Measurement 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Original length = 8 handspans
• Ribbon cut off = 3 handspans
• Remaining ribbon = 8 - 3 = 5 handspans.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction setup (8 - 3) 1 M
Answer: 5 handspans 1 M
Q14 In an animal race, a frog takes 8 leaps to reach the pond, while a deer takes 2 long strides. Who has the longer step? Let Us Think • Animal Race Steps 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
The Deer has the longer step because 2 deer strides equal the distance of 8 frog leaps.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Deer has longer step 1 M
Explanation based on fewer steps 1 M
Q15 How can two children measure the height of the classroom door without a ladder? Practical Activity • Blackboard Height 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• They can hold a long stick or rope against the door, mark the top height with chalk, and then lay the rope on the floor to count handspans or cubits.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rope/stick transfer method explained 2 M
Q16 A tree is taller than a lamp post. The lamp post is taller than a car. Which of the three is the tallest, and which is the shortest? Comparing Three Objects 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Tallest: The Tree.
• Shortest: The Car.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tree tallest 1 M
Car shortest 1 M
Q17 I stretch from your thumb to your pinky finger spread wide. What unit of length am I? Measurement Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
I am a Handspan (बित्ता).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified Handspan 1 M
Q18 Rani measures the distance from the blackboard to the classroom door using her footsteps. It is 15 footsteps. When her teacher walks the same distance, it takes 10 footsteps. Why? Textbook Measurement • Footsteps Across Classroom 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Footstep is an informal unit of measurement. The teacher's legs and feet are longer than Rani's, so fewer adult footsteps are needed to cover the same distance.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Teacher's feet are longer / non-standard unit 2 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Measuring the Classroom Carpet

Real-World Context: Aman measures the class carpet with his footsteps and counts 16 footsteps. His teacher measures the exact same carpet with her footsteps and counts only 10 footsteps.

Analytical Task: Why did the teacher get fewer footsteps than Aman? Did the carpet shrink?

1. The carpet did not shrink; its length stayed exactly the same.
2. The teacher's footsteps are much longer than Aman's footsteps. Therefore, fewer adult footsteps are needed to cover the same distance.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for confirming carpet didn't change + 1.5 M for footstep size comparison
8
Unit 4: Sharing & Multiplication Readiness • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 8: Grouping and Sharing

Equal Distribution, Visual Arrays, Repeated Addition & Multiplication Readiness

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Distributing collections equally among a given number of groups.
  • Connecting repeated addition of equal groups to multiplication (e.g. 4 + 4 + 4 = 3 × 4 = 12).
  • Finding totals from everyday arrays: animal legs, bicycle wheels, flower petals.
2 Groups of 4 Laddoos = 4 + 4 = 8 Laddoos
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (18 Solved Questions)
Q1 Share 15 bananas equally among 3 monkeys. Draw or write how many bananas each monkey gets. Equal Sharing • Basic Division 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Total bananas = 15
• Monkeys = 3
• Give 1 by 1 until finished: 15 ÷ 3 = 5 bananas each.
• Check: 5 + 5 + 5 = 15.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Equal sharing method 1 M
Answer: 5 bananas each 1 M
Q2 Write the repeated addition sentence and multiplication sentence for:
4 plates with 3 cookies on each plate. Repeated Addition to Multiplication 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Repeated addition: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 cookies.
• Multiplication sentence: 4 × 3 = 12 cookies (4 groups of 3).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition: 3+3+3+3=12 1 M
Multiplication: 4×3=12 1 M
Q3 There are 5 cows grazing in a meadow. Each cow has 4 legs. How many cow legs are there altogether? Animal Legs Array 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Number of cows = 5
• Legs per cow = 4
• Repeated addition: 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20 legs.
• (5 × 4 = 20 legs).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Repeated addition setup 1 M
Final answer: 20 legs 1 M
Q4 There are 6 bicycles parked outside a school. Each bicycle has 2 wheels. What is the total number of wheels? Bicycle Wheels Array 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Number of bicycles = 6
• Wheels per bicycle = 2
• 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 12 wheels.
• (6 × 2 = 12 wheels).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Skip counting by 2 1 M
Answer: 12 wheels 1 M
Q5 A toy shop has 4 tricycles. Each tricycle has 3 wheels. How many wheels in all? Tricycle Wheels Array 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• 4 tricycles × 3 wheels = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 wheels.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Working shown 1 M
Answer: 12 wheels 1 M
Q6 Mother has 14 apples. She divides them equally between Rahul and Ananya. Does she have any apples left over? Equal Sharing • Remainder Concept 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Total apples = 14
• Number of children = 2
• 14 ÷ 2 = 7 apples each.
• Since 14 is an even number, 0 apples are left over (no remainder).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
7 apples each 1 M
0 left over confirmed 1 M
Q7 Divide 11 marbles equally between 2 friends. How many marbles does each friend get, and how many marbles are left over? Equal Sharing with Leftover 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• 11 = 5 + 5 + 1.
• Each friend gets 5 marbles.
• 1 marble is left over.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
5 marbles each 1 M
1 marble remainder 1 M
Q8 An egg tray has 3 rows of eggs. Each row contains 6 eggs. How many eggs are in the tray? Array Multiplication • Rows and Columns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Rows = 3
• Eggs per row = 6
• Total eggs = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 eggs (3 × 6 = 18).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6 + 6 + 6 setup 1 M
Answer: 18 eggs 1 M
Q9 A sunflower has 5 petals in a small drawing. If there are 4 sunflowers, how many petals are there in total? Flower Petals 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• 4 sunflowers × 5 petals = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20 petals.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Skip count by 5 1 M
Answer: 20 petals 1 M
Q10 Deepak has 24 buttons. He puts 4 buttons in each packet. How many packets can he prepare? Grouping into Pouches 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Total buttons = 24
• Buttons per packet = 4
• Skip counting by 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 (6 packets).
• Deepak can prepare 6 packets.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Division/Skip counting by 4 1 M
Answer: 6 packets 1 M
Q11 A frog takes jumps of 3 steps each along a number line starting at 0. After 5 jumps, which number does it reach? Number Line Jumps • Frog Jumps 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Jump 1: 3
• Jump 2: 6
• Jump 3: 9
• Jump 4: 12
• Jump 5: 15.
• The frog reaches the number 15 (5 × 3 = 15).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Jump steps shown 1 M
Final number: 15 1 M
Q12 Which gives more chocolates:
(a) 3 packets of 5 chocolates each, or
(b) 2 packets of 8 chocolates each? Comparing Equal Groups 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Option (a) = 3 × 5 = 15 chocolates.
• Option (b) = 2 × 8 = 16 chocolates.
• Since 16 > 15, Option (b) gives more chocolates.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Option A = 15 1 M
Option B = 16 1 M
Conclusion: Option B gives more 1 M
Q13 Does 2 groups of 6 give the same total as 6 groups of 2? Show by calculating both. Let Us Think • Commutative Property 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• 2 groups of 6 = 6 + 6 = 12.
• 6 groups of 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 12.
• Yes, both give the exact same total: 2 × 6 = 6 × 2 = 12.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Both sums calculated (12) 1 M
Yes, verified identical 1 M
Q14 A teacher has 20 crayons. She shares them equally among 4 art tables. How many crayons does each table get? Word Problem • Sharing Crayons 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Total crayons = 20
• Tables = 4
• 20 ÷ 4 = 5 crayons per table.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Division setup (20 ÷ 4) 1 M
Answer: 5 crayons 1 M
Q15 Write True or False:
(a) Sharing 10 items equally among 5 people gives 2 items each.
(b) 4 + 4 + 4 is the same as 3 × 4.
(c) 7 items can be divided equally between 2 people with no leftover. True or False • Grouping Rules 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True (10 ÷ 5 = 2).
(b) True (both equal 12).
(c) False (7 is odd, 1 item is left over).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q16 We are 4 cats sitting in a porch. How many total paws and ears do we have together? Grouping Riddle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Paws: 4 cats × 4 paws = 16 paws.
• Ears: 4 cats × 2 ears = 8 ears.
• Total paws and ears = 16 + 8 = 24 altogether.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
16 paws 1 M
8 ears (total 24) 1 M
Q17 If there are 0 apples in a bowl and 3 children share it, how many apples does each child get? Mental Math • Zero in Sharing 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• 0 shared among 3 = 0 ÷ 3 = 0 apples each.
• You cannot get apples from an empty bowl!
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Answer: 0 apples 1 M
Q18 Draw an array with 2 rows of 5 stars (⭐). Write the repeated addition and total. Creative Math Array 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Row 1: ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ (5)
• Row 2: ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ (5)
• Repeated addition: 5 + 5 = 10 stars (2 × 5 = 10).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
2 rows of 5 represented 1 M
5 + 5 = 10 stars 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Equal Sharing of Gulab Jamuns

Real-World Context: Grandmother prepares 18 fresh gulab jamuns for 3 grandchildren: Rohit, Tanu, and Yash. She wants to distribute them equally with none left over.

Analytical Task: How many gulab jamuns does each grandchild receive? If 2 more friends arrive (making 5 children), can 18 jamuns be divided equally without remainders?

1. 18 shared equally among 3 children = 18 ÷ 3 = 6 gulab jamuns each.
2. For 5 children: 18 ÷ 5 = 3 jamuns each with 3 jamuns left over. Therefore, 18 cannot be divided equally among 5 children without remainder.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for 6 jamuns calculation + 1.5 M for 5-children remainder analysis
9
Unit 5: Time, Money & Data • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 9: Which Season is It?

Days of the Week, 12 Months of the Year, Clock Hours & Seasonal Cycles

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Naming and sequencing the 7 days of the week (Monday to Sunday).
  • Knowing the 12 months in a solar year and months with 30, 31, or 28 days.
  • Reading whole-hour clock times (e.g. 3:00, 7:00) and understanding daily routines.
  • Connecting weather patterns, clothing, and seasonal foods to Indian seasons.
Clock at 3:00 • Summer Sun • Monsoon Rain • Winter Cold
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (18 Solved Questions)
Q1 Name the 7 days of the week in chronological order starting from Monday. Days of the Week Sequence 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. Monday
2. Tuesday
3. Wednesday
4. Thursday
5. Friday
6. Saturday
7. Sunday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 7 days in correct order 2 M
Q2 Answer the following:
(a) Which day comes just after Friday?
(b) Which day comes just before Tuesday?
(c) Which day falls between Wednesday and Friday? Days Before and After 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Just after Friday is Saturday.
(b) Just before Tuesday is Monday.
(c) Between Wednesday and Friday is Thursday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q3 How many months are there in a calendar year? Which is the first month and which is the last month? Months of the Year 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• There are 12 months in a calendar year.
• The first month is January.
• The last month is December.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
12 months named 1 M
January and December identified 1 M
Q4 Which month of the year has the fewest number of days? How many days does it usually have? Shortest Month 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• February has the fewest days.
• It usually has 28 days (and 29 days in a leap year).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
February identified 1 M
28 days (29 in leap year) 1 M
Q5 Name 4 months of the year that have exactly 31 days. Months with 31 Days 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
Any four of the following:
1. January
2. March
3. May
4. July
*(Also: August, October, December)*.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Four valid 31-day months named 2 M
Q6 Name the 4 months that have exactly 30 days. Months with 30 Days 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
The four 30-day months are:
1. April
2. June
3. September
4. November.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 thirty-day months named correctly 2 M
Q7 On a wall clock, the short hour hand points to 4 and the long minute hand points straight up to 12. What time is it? Reading Clock Hours 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Short hand at 4 = Hour 4
• Long hand at 12 = 00 minutes
• The time is 4:00 o'clock (4 o'clock).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hour and minute hand identified 1 M
Time: 4:00 o'clock 1 M
Q8 If your school morning assembly begins at 8 o'clock in the morning, where should the short hand and long hand be on the clock face? Clock Hands at School Opening 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The short hour hand should point to 8.
• The long minute hand should point to 12.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Short hand at 8 1 M
Long hand at 12 1 M
Q9 Match each season with the clothing item we use:
(1) Winter — (A) Cotton T-shirt & shorts
(2) Monsoon — (B) Woolen muffler and sweater
(3) Summer — (C) Raincoat and gumboots Seasons and Clothing 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Correct Matching:
1. Winter ➔ (B) Woolen muffler and sweater
2. Monsoon ➔ (C) Raincoat and gumboots
3. Summer ➔ (A) Cotton T-shirt & shorts.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 matched correctly (1 M each) 3 M
Q10 In which season do we enjoy juicy sweet mangoes and chilled watermelon in India? Seasonal Fruits 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
We enjoy mangoes and watermelons during the Summer season (April, May, June).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Summer season identified 1 M
Q11 In which months do we celebrate:
(a) Independence Day (15th August)?
(b) Republic Day (26th January)?
(c) Gandhi Jayanti (2nd October)? National Festivals and Months 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Independence Day: August
(b) Republic Day: January
(c) Gandhi Jayanti: October.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 national festival months correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q12 Put these daily events in chronological order from morning to night:
[ Go to sleep, Wake up from bed, Eat dinner, Attend school, Play in the evening ]. Daily Routine Sequencing 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Correct Chronological Order:
1. Wake up from bed (Morning)
2. Attend school (Morning to Afternoon)
3. Play in the evening (Evening)
4. Eat dinner (Night)
5. Go to sleep (Bedtime).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Proper logical sequence 2 M
Q13 If today is Tuesday, October 6, what day of the week will it be exactly one week later (October 13)? Calendar Math 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• A complete cycle of days repeats every 7 days.
• Since 6 + 7 = 13, it will be Tuesday again.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
7-day cycle explained 1 M
Answer: Tuesday 1 M
Q14 Write True or False:
(a) There are 24 hours in one full day and night.
(b) Sunday is the day after Monday.
(c) July and August both have 31 days. True or False • Time and Calendar 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True (12 hours day + 12 hours night = 24 hours).
(b) False (Sunday is the day *before* Monday).
(c) True (July and August are consecutive 31-day months).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q15 I have two hands that always chase each other, but no feet to walk. I tell you when to wake up and when to play. What am I? Time Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
I am a Clock (or Watch).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Clock identified 1 M
Q16 During which season do the days feel short and the nights feel very long and chilly? Let Us Think • Sun and Seasons 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
During the Winter season, the sun sets early, making days shorter and nights longer.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Winter season identified 1 M
Q17 Match each clothing or food item to the correct season:
(a) Woolen gloves and hot soup — (1) Summer
(b) Umbrella and gumboots — (2) Winter
(c) Cotton shirt and cold lemonade — (3) Rainy season Textbook Activity • Season Matching 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Matching:
• (a) Woolen gloves — (2) Winter
• (b) Umbrella — (3) Rainy season
• (c) Cotton shirt — (1) Summer
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All three matched correctly 3 M
Q18 If today is Wednesday, what day was yesterday, and what day will it be tomorrow? Textbook Calendar • Seven Days Order 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Yesterday was Tuesday.
• Tomorrow will be Thursday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tuesday and Thursday 2 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

School Annual Sports Week Schedule

Real-World Context: The school sports week starts on Monday, October 12, and runs for 5 continuous school days.

Analytical Task: On which day of the week will the sports competition conclude? If Saturday and Sunday are holidays, how many total days off do students get that weekend?

1. Day 1 is Monday. Day 2 is Tuesday. Day 3 is Wednesday. Day 4 is Thursday. Day 5 is Friday. The competition concludes on Friday, October 16.
2. Saturday + Sunday = 2 weekend days off.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for concluding on Friday + 1.5 M for 2 weekend holidays
10
Unit 5: Time, Money & Data • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 10: Fun at the Fair

Indian Coins & Currency Notes, Value Combinations, Purchasing & Change

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Identifying Indian coins (₹1, ₹2, ₹5, ₹10) and currency notes (₹10, ₹20, ₹50, ₹100).
  • Making specific amounts using different coin and note combinations.
  • Solving simple addition and subtraction word problems for buying tickets, toys, and snacks.
₹5₹10₹20₹50Currency Notes & Coins for Village Fair Shopping
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (18 Solved Questions)
Q1 Name the 4 common metal coins currently used in India and write their values with the ₹ symbol. Coin Identification and Values 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. ₹1 coin (One Rupee)
2. ₹2 coin (Two Rupees)
3. ₹5 coin (Five Rupees)
4. ₹10 coin (Ten Rupees).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 coins named with ₹ symbol 2 M
Q2 Show two different ways to make ₹5 using smaller coins. Making ₹5 with Smaller Coins 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Ways to make ₹5:
• Way 1: Two ₹2 coins + One ₹1 coin (2 + 2 + 1 = ₹5).
• Way 2: Five ₹1 coins (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = ₹5).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Way 1 correct 1 M
Way 2 correct 1 M
Q3 How many ₹2 coins are needed to make ₹10? How many ₹5 coins are needed to make ₹10? Making ₹10 with Coins 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• For ₹2 coins: 10 ÷ 2 = 5 coins of ₹2 (2, 4, 6, 8, 10).
• For ₹5 coins: 10 ÷ 5 = 2 coins of ₹5 (5 + 5 = 10).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Five ₹2 coins 1 M
Two ₹5 coins 1 M
Q4 Which two currency notes can you combine to make exactly ₹20? Making ₹20 with Notes 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
You can combine two ₹10 notes (₹10 + ₹10 = ₹20).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two ₹10 notes identified 1 M
Q5 At the toy stall, a colorful pinwheel costs ₹8. You have only ₹2 coins in your pocket. How many ₹2 coins must you hand over? Buying at the Stall 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• Cost of pinwheel = ₹8
• Value per coin = ₹2
• 8 ÷ 2 = 4 coins of ₹2 (2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = ₹8).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Division/addition setup 1 M
Answer: 4 coins of ₹2 1 M
Q6 Rani buys a balloon for ₹6 and a whistle for ₹9. How much money must she pay in all? Total Cost Calculation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Cost of balloon = ₹6
• Cost of whistle = ₹9
• Total payment = 6 + 9 = ₹15.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6 + 9 addition 1 M
Answer: ₹15 1 M
Q7 Amit buys a box of crayons costing ₹12. He hands a ₹20 note to the shopkeeper. How much change should he receive back? Calculating Change Return 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Amount given = ₹20
• Cost of crayons = ₹12
• Change back = 20 - 12 = ₹8.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 20 - 12 1 M
Answer: ₹8 1 M
Q8 Who has more money:
• Tarun has three ₹10 notes.
• Priya has one ₹50 note.
Calculate and compare. Comparing Money Amounts 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Tarun's money = 3 × 10 = ₹30.
• Priya's money = 1 × 50 = ₹50.
• Since ₹50 > ₹30, Priya has more money (by ₹20).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tarun has ₹30 1 M
Priya has ₹50 1 M
Priya has more concluded 1 M
Q9 Sneha breaks her piggy bank and finds: four ₹5 coins and three ₹10 coins. How much total money did she save? Piggy Bank Counting 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Value of four ₹5 coins = 4 × 5 = ₹20.
• Value of three ₹10 coins = 3 × 10 = ₹30.
• Total savings = 20 + 30 = ₹50.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
₹5 coins sum = ₹20 1 M
₹10 coins sum = ₹30 1 M
Total = ₹50 1 M
Q10 How many ₹10 notes make ₹50? Can you make ₹50 using two ₹20 notes and one ₹10 note? Making ₹50 with Multiple Notes 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. 50 ÷ 10 = 5 notes of ₹10 make ₹50.
2. Yes: ₹20 + ₹20 + ₹10 = ₹40 + ₹10 = ₹50.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Five ₹10 notes 1 M
Yes, 20+20+10 = 50 1 M
Q11 A wooden toy horse costs ₹28. Rohan has only two ₹10 notes and one ₹5 coin in his pocket. Does he have enough money? If not, how much more does he need? Insufficient Money Word Problem 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
1. Rohan's money = (2 × 10) + 5 = 20 + 5 = ₹25.
2. Cost of toy horse = ₹28.
3. No, Rohan does not have enough money (₹25 < ₹28).
4. He needs 28 - 25 = ₹3 more.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rohan has ₹25 1 M
No, not enough 1 M
Short by ₹3 1 M
Q12 Look at the fair price list:
• Popcorn packet: ₹10
• Fruit juice: ₹15
• Sweet jalebi plate: ₹20
How much does it cost to buy 1 popcorn and 1 sweet jalebi plate? Price List Multi-Item Math 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Popcorn = ₹10
• Jalebi = ₹20
• Total cost = 10 + 20 = ₹30.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition 10 + 20 1 M
Answer: ₹30 1 M
Q13 What is the official symbol for the Indian Rupee? Write the amounts 'Forty rupees' and 'Seventy-five rupees' using the official symbol. Money Symbol Usage 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The official symbol is ₹.
• Forty rupees = ₹40
• Seventy-five rupees = ₹75.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
₹ symbol shown 1 M
₹40 and ₹75 formatted correctly 1 M
Q14 Write True or False:
(a) Ten ₹1 coins have the exact same value as one ₹10 coin.
(b) A ₹50 note has more purchasing power than two ₹20 notes.
(c) A ₹10 coin is made of plastic. True or False • Currency Facts 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True (Both equal ₹10).
(b) True (₹50 is more than ₹40).
(c) False (Indian ₹10 coins are bimetallic metals, not plastic).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 statements correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q15 I am a coin. If you have two of me, you can buy a 10-rupee chocolate without any change. What coin am I? Money Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
You are a ₹5 coin (because 5 + 5 = 10).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
₹5 coin identified 1 M
Q16 You need to pay exactly ₹17 for a notebook. You have: one ₹10 note, two ₹5 coins, three ₹2 coins, and five ₹1 coins. Write one combination that makes exactly ₹17. Exact Coins Selection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
One simple combination:
• One ₹10 note (₹10)
• One ₹5 coin (₹5)
• One ₹2 coin (₹2)
• Total = 10 + 5 + 2 = ₹17.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Valid combination shown (10+5+2) 2 M
Q17 Calculate quickly:
(a) ₹20 + ₹30 = ______
(b) ₹50 + ₹20 = ______
(c) ₹100 - ₹50 = ______ Mental Math • Adding Tens 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) ₹20 + ₹30 = ₹50
(b) ₹50 + ₹20 = ₹70
(c) ₹100 - ₹50 = ₹50.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 mental math sums correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q18 You have ₹25 to spend on games at the fair. The ring toss costs ₹10, balloon shooting costs ₹10, and boat ride costs ₹15. Can you play ring toss and boat ride? Explain. Creative Fair Budgeting 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Ring toss (₹10) + Boat ride (₹15) = 10 + 15 = ₹25.
• Yes, you can play both because the total cost exactly equals your ₹25 budget.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sum = ₹25 calculated 1 M
Yes, exactly within budget explained 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Village Fair Ride & Snack Budget

Real-World Context: Karan carries a single ₹50 note to the fair. He rides the giant Ferris wheel for ₹20 and buys an ice-cream cup for ₹15.

Analytical Task: How much total money did Karan spend? How much change does the shopkeeper return to him?

1. Total spent = ₹20 (Ferris wheel) + ₹15 (Ice-cream) = ₹35.
2. Change returned = ₹50 - ₹35 = ₹15.
3. The shopkeeper can give him one ₹10 note and one ₹5 coin.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for total spent (₹35) + 1.5 M for change calculation (₹15)
11
Unit 5: Time, Money & Data • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 11: Data Handling

Categorizing, Tally Charts, Letter Counting & Pictograph Analysis

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Collecting data through counting and sorting into distinct categories.
  • Reading simple pictographs and block charts where 1 symbol represents 1 item.
  • Analyzing name lengths and most/least frequent elements in everyday surveys.
Car(6)Bike(4)Cycle(7)Bus(3)Vehicle Tally Survey
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (17 Solved Questions)
Q1 In a park picture, children count the animals:
• Dogs: 4
• Cats: 3
• Birds on trees: 8
• Squirrels: 5
How many total animals were observed in the park? Counting Categories in a Picture 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Dogs = 4
• Cats = 3
• Birds = 8
• Squirrels = 5
• Total = 4 + 3 + 8 + 5 = 20 animals.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition sentence (4 + 3 + 8 + 5) 1 M
Total = 20 animals 1 M
Q2 Count the number of letters in each child's name:
(a) AMAN
(b) PRIYANKA
(c) DEV
(d) MEENAKSHI
Which name is the longest and which is the shortest? Analyzing Name Letter Lengths 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Letter Counts:
(a) AMAN = 4 letters
(b) PRIYANKA = 8 letters
(c) DEV = 3 letters
(d) MEENAKSHI = 9 letters.
• Longest name: MEENAKSHI (9 letters).
• Shortest name: DEV (3 letters).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All letter counts correct 1 M
Longest: MEENAKSHI 1 M
Shortest: DEV 1 M
Q3 In the names: RAM, AMAN, SARITA, TARUN, count how many times the letter 'A' appears in total. Letter Frequency in Names 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Count of letter 'A':
• RAM ➔ 1 'A'
• AMAN ➔ 2 'A's
• SARITA ➔ 2 'A's
• TARUN ➔ 1 'A'
• Total times letter 'A' appears = 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 6 times.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Letter counts per name 1 M
Total: 6 times 1 M
Q4 In a pictograph where 1 📚 symbol = 1 library book read:
• Rohit: 📚📚📚📚 (4)
• Simran: 📚📚📚📚📚📚 (6)
• Tanu: 📚📚 (2)
(a) Who read the most books?
(b) How many books did all three read altogether? Reading a Pictograph 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Simran read the most books (6 books).
(b) Total books = 4 + 6 + 2 = 12 books.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Simran read most 1 M
Total = 12 books 1 M
Q5 Using the pictograph above (Rohit 4, Simran 6, Tanu 2), how many more books did Simran read than Tanu? Comparing Data Categories 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Simran's books = 6
• Tanu's books = 2
• Difference = 6 - 2 = 4 more books.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 6 - 2 1 M
Answer: 4 more books 1 M
Q6 A survey of 25 students' shoe sizes shows:
• Size 1: 5 students
• Size 2: 12 students
• Size 3: 8 students
(a) Which shoe size is the most common?
(b) Which shoe size is the least common? Shoe Size Survey 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) Size 2 is the most common shoe size (12 students).
(b) Size 1 is the least common shoe size (5 students).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Most common: Size 2 1 M
Least common: Size 1 1 M
Q7 During 15 minutes of watching from the gate, children recorded vehicles passing:
• Bicycles: 10
• Motorbikes: 7
• Cars: 5
• Buses: 2
(a) Which vehicle passed the greatest number of times?
(b) Did more cars pass or more motorbikes? Vehicle Traffic Tally 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) Bicycles passed the greatest number of times (10).
(b) More motorbikes passed (7 motorbikes > 5 cars).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Bicycles greatest count 1 M
More motorbikes than cars 1 M
Q8 In the 30 days of September, the weather was recorded as:
• Sunny days: 16
• Rainy days: 10
• Cloudy days: 4
How many days were NOT rainy in September? Monthly Weather Chart 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Total days = 30
• Rainy days = 10
• Days not rainy = Sunny (16) + Cloudy (4) = 20 days (or 30 - 10 = 20).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Calculation method 1 M
Answer: 20 days 1 M
Q9 In a class survey on favorite games:
• Cricket: 14 votes
• Football: 8 votes
• Badminton: 6 votes
What is the total number of students who voted? Favorite Sport Survey 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Total voters = 14 + 8 + 6 = 28 students.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sum setup 14 + 8 + 6 1 M
Answer: 28 students 1 M
Q10 Draw tally marks or write counts for the following fruit collection: 4 apples, 6 bananas, 3 oranges. Tally Chart Making 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Tally Table:
• Apples: |||| (Count: 4)
• Bananas: |||| | (Count: 6)
• Oranges: ||| (Count: 3).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct representation for all 3 fruits 2 M
Q11 Five friends record how many glasses of water they drink each day:
• Aarav: 6
• Tanya: 8
• Kabir: 7
• Meera: 8
• Vicky: 5
(a) Which two friends drank the same number of glasses?
(b) Who drank the least water? Water Glasses Drank Daily 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
(a) Tanya and Meera drank the exact same amount (8 glasses each).
(b) Vicky drank the least water (5 glasses).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tanya and Meera identified 1 M
Vicky drank least 1 M
Q12 Write True or False:
(a) A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to represent data numbers.
(b) A tally table helps us organize messy information neatly.
(c) In a survey of 10 people, the highest vote can be 12. True or False • Data Handling 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) False (In a survey of 10 people, votes cannot exceed 10).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 correct (1 M each) 3 M
Q13 In an art competition, points scored by 4 house teams were: Blue (24), Red (30), Green (18), Yellow (22). What is the difference between the highest and lowest scores? Difference between Highest and Lowest 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Highest score = 30 (Red House)
• Lowest score = 18 (Green House)
• Difference = 30 - 18 = 12 points.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Highest (30) and Lowest (18) 1 M
Difference = 12 points 1 M
Q14 I show numbers using little pictures of apples, stars, or smiley faces so you can read them at a single glance. What kind of chart am I? Data Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
You are a Pictograph.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identified Pictograph 1 M
Q15 A basket has 20 total fruits. 8 are mangoes and 7 are apples. The remaining fruits are guavas. How many guavas are in the basket? Missing Data Deduction 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Mangoes + Apples = 8 + 7 = 15 fruits.
• Total fruits = 20
• Guavas = 20 - 15 = 5 guavas.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
8 + 7 = 15 1 M
20 - 15 = 5 guavas 1 M
Q16 Why does a school principal count the number of boys and girls in every classroom at the start of the year? Let Us Think • Why We Collect Data 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• To know how many desks, chairs, textbooks, uniforms, and mid-day meal plates are needed for everyone so no child faces a shortage.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Planning resources (desks/books/meals) explained 2 M
Q17 Children recorded the colours of cars in the school parking lot: 8 White cars, 5 Red cars, 4 Blue cars, and 3 Silver cars.
(a) Which colour car is the most common?
(b) How many cars were counted in total? Textbook Data • School Bus Tally 2.5 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) White cars are the most common (8 cars).
(b) Total cars = 8 + 5 + 4 + 3 = 20 cars in total.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
White most common 1 M
Total 20 cars 1.5 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Class 2 Favorite Fruit Survey

Real-World Context: The class teacher surveys all 30 students about their single favorite fruit. The findings are: 12 students like Mango, 8 students like Apple, 6 students like Banana, and 4 students like Orange.

Analytical Task: Which fruit is the most popular in the class? How many more students prefer Mango over Banana?

1. Mango is the most popular fruit with 12 votes (highest count).
2. Difference between Mango and Banana = 12 - 6 = 6 more students prefer Mango.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for Mango as most popular + 1.5 M for difference (6)
1
Unit 1: Shapes & Spatial Understanding • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 1: What is Long, What is Round?

Rolling, Sliding, Towers of Boxes and Coins

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Distinguishing long objects (rulers, pencils, bats) from round objects (balls, oranges, globes).
  • Understanding which objects roll (smooth curved surfaces) and which slide (flat surfaces).
  • Identifying dual-property objects that both roll and slide (coins, carrom men, pipes, bottle caps).
  • Constructing stable towers using flat-faced objects vs round objects.
Ball (Rolls)Box (Slides)EraserCoin (Both)
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (20 Solved Questions)
Q1 In the game 'Guess Its Name', a child says: 'Round all around, has no corners, I can roll it in my hand. Guess what it is!' Give two possible answers. Textbook Exercise • Guess the Shape 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The object has no corners and is curved on all sides.
• Two possible answers are a ball and an orange (or a marble/lemon).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
First correct object (e.g. ball/marble) 1 M
Second correct object (e.g. orange/lemon) 1 M
Q2 Look around your school bag. Name two things that are long and two things that are round. Textbook Exercise • Long vs Round 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
1. Long things: Pencil, ruler (scale), sketch pen.
2. Round things: Water bottle cap, round sharpener, coin.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two long items identified 1 M
Two round items identified 1 M
Q3 What makes an object roll, and what makes an object slide? Explain with one example of each. Textbook Exercise • What Rolls and What Slides 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Roll: Objects with smooth, curved round surfaces roll when pushed. Example: A football or marble.
• Slide: Objects with flat surfaces slide along the floor. Example: A notebook, pencil box, or wooden block.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Explanation of rolling with example 1.5 M
Explanation of sliding with example 1.5 M
Q4 Which of the following things can BOTH roll and slide? (A) Matchbox (B) A 5-rupee coin (C) A glass bangle (D) Carrom coin (E) An apple Textbook Exercise • Things That Both Roll and Slide 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
Objects with both flat faces and a curved rim can both roll and slide:
• (B) A 5-rupee coin: slides on flat face, rolls on edge.
• (D) Carrom coin: slides across the board, rolls on rim.
• A matchbox only slides. An apple only rolls. A glass bangle rolls on edge.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identification of 5-rupee coin 1 M
Identification of carrom coin 1 M
Q5 Why can you make a tall tower using matchboxes or wooden blocks, but you cannot make a tower using tennis balls? Textbook Exercise • Tower Building 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Matchboxes and blocks have flat surfaces. One flat surface rests firmly on top of another without wobbling.
2. Tennis balls have curved surfaces and no flat face. They roll away and cannot support another ball on top.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Flat surface stability explained 1 M
Curved round surface instability explained 1 M
Q6 Can you stack 5 one-rupee coins to make a tower? Can you make a 10-rupee coin stand upright on its edge? Textbook Exercise • Coin Tower Challenge 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Yes, 5 one-rupee coins can easily be stacked on top of each other because each coin has two flat circular faces.
• Yes, a thick 10-rupee coin has a flat outer rim and can stand upright on its edge if balanced steadily on a table.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Coin stacking explained 1 M
Edge standing explained 1 M
Q7 In a children's playground slide, why do children slide down on their seat instead of rolling down? NCERT Activity • Park Playground 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• The slide is a smooth flat slope.
• When a child sits down, their flat bottom and legs make surface contact, causing them to slide safely downwards rather than tumble or roll.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Flat contact area identified 1 M
Sliding motion explained 1 M
Q8 Classify the following 6 items into 'Things that roll' and 'Things that slide': Football, Notebook, Orange, Brick, Lemon, Matchbox. Classification Table 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Classification:
• Things that roll: Football, Orange, Lemon.
• Things that slide: Notebook, Brick, Matchbox.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct rolling items (3) 1.5 M
Correct sliding items (3) 1.5 M
Q9 When you spin a 2-rupee coin on a tabletop rapidly like a top, what shape does it look like: a circle, a ball (sphere), or a square? Textbook Thinking • Spinning Coin 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• When a flat round coin spins very fast on the table, its circular perimeter moves in 3 dimensions.
• It appears to our eyes like a round 3D ball (sphere).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identifies ball / sphere appearance 1 M
Explanation of spinning effect 1 M
Q10 Why are the wheels of carts, bicycles, buses, and cars always round and never square or rectangular? Practical Reason • Transport Wheels 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Round wheels have smooth, continuous curved edges that roll effortlessly along roads with very little friction.
2. Square or rectangular wheels have corners that would bump and dig into the road, preventing smooth travel.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rolling property of circle explained 1 M
Corners causing obstruction explained 1 M
Q11 Take a sheet of paper. How can you make it roll? How can you make it slide? Hands-on Exercise • Pipe Roll 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• To slide: Keep the sheet flat on the table and push it across; it slides on its flat surface.
• To roll: Roll the paper sheet tightly into a cylindrical tube or pipe; now place it on the slope and it rolls freely.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Flat sheet sliding method 1 M
Cylinder rolling method 1 M
Q12 Look at a rolling pin (belan) and a cutting board (chakla). Which one rolls and which one slides? Everyday Objects • Kitchen Utensils 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The rolling pin (belan) has a cylindrical round body that rolls smoothly to flatten dough.
• The chakla (board) has a flat base that sits firmly or slides across the kitchen counter.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Belan rolling identified 1 M
Chakla sliding identified 1 M
Q13 Rohan builds a tower of 6 matchboxes. Priya builds a tower of 8 matchboxes. Whose tower is taller and by how many boxes? Comparative Problem • Tower Height 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Rohan's tower = 6 boxes.
• Priya's tower = 8 boxes.
• Since 8 > 6, Priya's tower is taller.
• Difference = 8 - 6 = 2 matchboxes taller.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Priya identified as taller 1 M
Difference of 2 boxes calculated 1 M
Q14 If an onion and a potato are pushed on a sloping ramp, will they roll or slide? Explain why. Concept Check • Onion & Tomato 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Both an onion and a potato will roll down the slope.
• Reason: They both have rounded, curved surfaces that easily rotate downwards under gravity.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct rolling identification 1 M
Curved surface rationale 1 M
Q15 Can you stack 4 plastic bottle caps to make a mini-tower? Explain how you will place them. Creative Construction • Bottle Caps 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Yes, you can make a mini-tower.
• Method: Place the first cap flat on the table with its open rim facing up (or down), and stack each subsequent cap flat upon the previous one. Because the caps have flat surfaces, they will balance securely.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Affirmative answer 1 M
Flat surface placement description 1 M
Q16 Examine a regular rectangular eraser. Can you make it roll? What happens if you push it on a desk? Shape Properties • Eraser Examination 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• A rectangular eraser has flat rectangular faces and sharp straight edges.
• When pushed, it slides along the desk.
• It does not roll unless forced to tumble corner over corner, because it lacks a curved round surface.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sliding identified 1 M
Lack of curved surface explained 1 M
Q17 Write three things you learned in Chapter 1 about long and round objects. Textbook Summary • Key Learnings 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary Points:
1. Round objects have curved surfaces and roll.
2. Flat-faced objects slide and can be stacked to make tall towers.
3. Objects with both flat and curved surfaces (like coins, drums, and pipes) can both roll and slide.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Round/rolling property 1 M
Flat/sliding/tower property 1 M
Dual property of cylinder/coin 1 M
Q18 Which object will roll down the fastest on a gentle ramp? (a) A shoe box (b) A wooden cube (c) A glass marble (d) A flat ruler Multiple Choice Question 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Correct Answer: (c) A glass marble.
Reason: A glass marble is completely round and smooth, allowing it to roll down rapidly with minimum friction.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct option (c) with reason 1 M
Q19 Can you make a 1-rupee coin stand on its edge? What happens when you spin it on a flat table: does it look like a ball? Textbook Activity • Spinning Coin 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Yes, with steady fingers, a 1-rupee coin can stand on its flat rim edge.
• When spun fast on the table, it spins round and round and looks like a 3D ball (sphere).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Standing on edge 1 M
Looking like a ball when spinning 1 M
Q20 Take a sheet of drawing paper and roll it into a round pipe. Can you roll this paper pipe across the floor? Can you slide it? Textbook Game • Rolling Pipes 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Yes, because of its curved outer surface, the paper pipe rolls easily across the floor.
• If you push it upright on its flat open circular edge, it can also slide.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rolling on curved surface 1 M
Sliding on circular edge 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Meeku Uncle's Guessing Bag

Real-World Context: Meeku uncle puts his hand into a mystery cloth bag. He feels an object and says: 'Pointed at one end, flat at the other, but round like a pipe in between. What is it?'

Analytical Task: Name the object Meeku uncle is describing. Does this object roll, slide, or do both?

1. The object is a pencil (or crayon/sketch pen).
2. When kept on its side, it rolls easily. When pushed flat on its base, it slides. Thus, it can do both.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for identifying pencil/sketch pen + 1.5 M for explaining both rolling and sliding
2
Unit 2: Number Sense & Patterns • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 2: Counting in Groups

Look and Guess Numbers, Pairs, and More or Less

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Grouping objects in twos, threes, and fours to count faster without counting one by one.
  • Understanding pairs (shoes, earrings, socks, gloves).
  • Estimating quantities visually (more than / less than benchmarks).
  • Ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th) through the classic Turnip story.
3 Groups of 3 Spoons = 3 × 3 = 9 Spoons
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (20 Solved Questions)
Q1 Look at cups placed in a pyramid: 1 cup at the top row, 2 cups in the middle row, and 3 cups in the bottom row. Can you guess how many cups without counting one by one? Textbook Exercise • Guess the Cups 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Top row = 1 cup
• Middle row = 2 cups (1 + 2 = 3 cups)
• Bottom row = 3 cups
• Total cups = 3 + 3 = 6 cups.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Row grouping method shown 1 M
Total 6 cups calculated 1 M
Q2 There are 3 lines of shoes on a rack. Each line has 3 pairs of shoes. How many pairs of shoes are there? How many individual shoes in total? Textbook Exercise • Pairs of Shoes 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
1. Number of pairs = 3 rows × 3 pairs = 9 pairs.
2. Since each pair has 2 shoes: 9 × 2 = 18 individual shoes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Number of pairs (9) 1 M
Total individual shoes (18) 1 M
Q3 Look at 4 groups of spoons. Each group has 6 spoons. Guess the total number of spoons. Textbook Exercise • Groups of Spoons 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Number of groups = 4
• Spoons in each group = 6
• Total spoons = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24 spoons.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition or multiplication shown 1 M
Correct total 24 spoons 1 M
Q4 Tick (More than / Less than) for each of the following:
(a) Number of teeth in your mouth: More than 40 OR Less than 40?
(b) Number of seeds in an orange: More than 50 OR Less than 50? Textbook Guessing • More or Less? 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Number of teeth in a 7-year-old child's mouth is about 20: Less than 40.
(b) An orange typically has 8 to 15 seeds: Less than 50.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Teeth: Less than 40 1 M
Orange seeds: Less than 50 1 M
Q5 Circle the correct choice:
(a) Number of matchsticks in a standard matchbox: More than 30 OR Less than 30?
(b) Number of pencils in your whole classroom: More than 45 OR Less than 45? Textbook Guessing • More or Less Part 2 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) A matchbox contains around 40 to 50 sticks: More than 30.
(b) In a class of 30 students, if each child has 2 pencils, total = 60 pencils: More than 45.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Matchbox: More than 30 1 M
Pencils: More than 45 1 M
Q6 Aman hopped on his right foot 7 times without falling. Ritu hopped on her left foot 9 times without falling. Who hopped more times, and by how many hops? Physical Activity • Hop Till You Drop 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Aman's hops = 7
• Ritu's hops = 9
• Since 9 > 7, Ritu hopped more times.
• Difference = 9 - 7 = 2 hops more.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Ritu identified 1 M
Difference of 2 hops calculated 1 M
Q7 In the NCERT puzzle, Bhurru dog is hungry and joins dots from number 21 to 52 in order. What number comes immediately after 38? What number comes immediately before 50? Join the Dots • Bhurru Dog Puzzle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Successor (number after) 38 = 38 + 1 = 39.
• Predecessor (number before) 50 = 50 - 1 = 49.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Number after 38: 39 1 M
Number before 50: 49 1 M
Q8 In the Big Turnip story, how many pulled before the cat came? Which position was the cat in? Story Application • The Pulling Team 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Before the cat came, 4 characters were pulling (Old man, Grandmother, Granddaughter, and Dog).
• The cat came in at the 5th position.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
4 characters before cat 1 M
Cat in 5th position 1 M
Q9 Why was the tiny mouse important even though it was the smallest character pulling the turnip? Story Analysis • Who Helped Most? 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Even though the other five characters pulled with great strength, the turnip did not come out.
• The mouse provided the exact extra pulling force needed to overcome the soil resistance. Every small contribution matters in teamwork!
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Extra team force explained 1 M
Teamwork value highlighted 1 M
Q10 Pooja has 5 sheets of star stickers. Each sheet has 5 stars. How many star stickers does Pooja have in all? Grouping by Fives • Star Stickers 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Number of sheets = 5
• Stars on each sheet = 5
• Total stars = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 25 stars.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Repeated addition 5+5+5+5+5 shown 1 M
Total 25 stars correct 1 M
Q11 Anu's mother has 8 pairs of gold earrings in her jewellery box. How many single earrings are there altogether? Earring Pairs 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 1 pair = 2 earrings
• 8 pairs = 8 × 2 = 16 earrings.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 pair = 2 earrings recognized 1 M
Total 16 earrings calculated 1 M
Q12 Kabir estimates there are 30 marbles in a glass jar. When counted, there are 27 marbles. Was Kabir's guess close? How far off was his guess? Estimation Check • Marbles in a Jar 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Kabir's guess = 30
• Actual count = 27
• Difference = 30 - 27 = 3 marbles.
• Yes, Kabir's estimation was very close (only off by 3).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Difference of 3 calculated 1 M
Valid estimation conclusion 1 M
Q13 A bangle seller ties bangles into bundles of 10. If he has 6 bundles and 4 single bangles, how many bangles does he have in all? Grouping by Tens • Bangle Bundles 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 6 bundles of 10 = 6 × 10 = 60 bangles
• 4 single bangles = 4 bangles
• Total bangles = 60 + 4 = 64 bangles.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6 bundles = 60 bangles 1 M
Total 64 bangles calculated 1 M
Q14 In a 50-metre race: Yash crossed the ribbon first, Tina second, Aryan third, and Deepa fourth. Who won the bronze medal (3rd place)? Ordinal Position • Sports Day Race 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• 1st place (Gold) = Yash
• 2nd place (Silver) = Tina
• 3rd place (Bronze) = Aryan.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identifies Aryan as 3rd place 1 M
Associates 3rd with Bronze medal 1 M
Q15 Count by 2s up to 16: 2, 4, 6, _, _, _, _, 16. Quick Mental Math 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
Adding 2 at each step:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 missing numbers correct (8, 10, 12, 14) 2 M
Q16 Group A has 4 plates with 2 samosas on each plate. Group B has 2 plates with 5 samosas on each plate. Which group has more samosas? Visual Comparison • Group Density 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Group A = 4 plates × 2 samosas = 8 samosas.
• Group B = 2 plates × 5 samosas = 10 samosas.
• Since 10 > 8, Group B has more samosas (by 2 samosas).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Totals 8 and 10 calculated 1 M
Group B identified as having more 1 M
Q17 Why is counting in groups faster than counting one item at a time? Conceptual Understanding • Why Group? 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Grouping allows us to count chunks (such as 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10, 20, 30) instead of making individual counts.
2. It reduces the chance of skipping items or double-counting, saving time and improving accuracy.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Chunk counting speed explained 1 M
Error reduction explained 1 M
Q18 State True or False:
(a) A pair of socks always contains 3 socks.
(b) 5 groups of 2 equals 10. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) False. A pair always contains exactly 2 socks.
(b) True. 5 × 2 = 10.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) False with reason 1 M
(b) True 1 M
Q19 Look at the cups arranged in a triangle: 1 on top, 2 below, and 3 at the bottom. Guess how many cups there are in all without counting one by one. Textbook Activity • Guessing Cups 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 cups in total.
• Grouping: (1 + 2 = 3) and (3 + 3 = 6).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition of layers 1+2+3 1 M
Final count: 6 cups 1 M
Q20 In the game 'Hop Till You Drop', Rohit hopped 8 times on his right foot before falling. On his left foot, he hopped 6 times. Which foot had more hops and by how many? Textbook Activity • Hop Till You Drop 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Right foot hops = 8
• Left foot hops = 6
• Right foot had more hops by 8 - 6 = 2 hops.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Right foot identified 1 M
Difference = 2 hops 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

The Big Turnip Story (Ordinal Numbers)

Real-World Context: An old man planted a turnip seed. It grew huge! Grandfather pulled first. Then Grandmother held him. Then Granddaughter held Grandmother. Then the pet dog held Granddaughter. Then the cat held the dog. Finally, the little mouse held the cat. With one mighty tug, POP! Up came the big turnip!

Analytical Task: How many actors pulled the turnip in total? Who was at the 3rd position, and who was at the 6th position?

1. Total actors = 6 (Old man, Grandmother, Granddaughter, Dog, Cat, Mouse).
2. The actor at the 3rd position was the Granddaughter.
3. The actor at the 6th position was the Mouse.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for total count (6) + 1 M for 3rd position + 1 M for 6th position
3
Unit 3: Measurement & Mass • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 3: How Much Can You Carry?

Heavier and Lighter, Pan Balance, and Load Capacity

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Comparing weights of objects using words: 'heavier than' and 'lighter than'.
  • Understanding balance scales: the heavier side tilts downwards, the lighter side goes up.
  • The Clever Donkey story: why salt becomes lighter in water while cotton becomes heavier.
  • Estimating what different animals and children can carry realistically.
Lighter (Up)Heavier (Down)
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (20 Solved Questions)
Q1 Look at a two-pan balance scale. One pan has a watermelon and the other pan has an apple. Which pan will go down, and why? Textbook Exercise • Pan Balance 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• The watermelon is much heavier than the apple.
• On a balance scale, the heavier side tilts downward while the lighter side rises upward.
• Therefore, the pan with the watermelon will go down.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identifies watermelon pan goes down 1 M
Heavier side pushes pan down explained 1 M
Q2 Which is heavier: (a) A cricket ball or a football? (b) A school bag with books or an empty pencil box? Textbook Exercise • Heavier vs Lighter 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
(a) A cricket ball (hard leather/cork) is heavier than an air-filled hollow football.
(b) A school bag full of books is much heavier than an empty pencil box.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) Cricket ball identified 1 M
(b) School bag identified 1 M
Q3 Simran wants to help her father carry grocery items from the store to the kitchen. Match each item to who can carry it (Simran, her mother, or her father):
(1) 1 kg ghee (2) 5 kg atta (3) 2 kg sugar Textbook Exercise • Who Can Carry What? 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Matching:
• Simran (Class 2 child): 1 kg ghee packet.
• Mother: 2 kg sugar packet.
• Father: 5 kg atta sack.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 kg ghee -> Simran 1 M
2 kg sugar -> Mother 1 M
5 kg atta -> Father 1 M
Q4 Match the animal with the object it can carry in the NCERT exercise:
(a) Ant (b) Bird (c) Elephant (d) Dog
Objects: (1) A big wooden log (2) A tiny grain of sugar (3) A small leaf/twig (4) A rubber ball Animal Carrying Capacity 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Matching:
• (a) Ant: (2) A tiny grain of sugar.
• (b) Bird: (3) A small leaf/twig in its beak.
• (c) Elephant: (1) A big wooden log with its trunk.
• (d) Dog: (4) A rubber ball in its mouth.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 animals correctly matched 2 M (0.5 M each)
Q5 A pan balance has two shoes on the left pan and one shoe on the right pan. Which side is lighter? How can you make both sides equal? Balance Comparison 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The right pan (with 1 shoe) is lighter and will rise up.
• To make both sides balance equally, add one more shoe to the right pan so that both pans have 2 shoes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Right pan identified as lighter 1 M
Adding 1 shoe to right pan 1 M
Q6 Why is a bucket full of water heavier than an empty bucket? Practical Reasoning • Empty vs Full 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• An empty plastic bucket has only the weight of its thin plastic walls.
• When filled with water, the weight of several litres of water is added to the bucket, making it much heavier.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Weight of water addition explained 1 M
Clear physical reasoning 1 M
Q7 Raju wants to ride a see-saw, but his friend Mohan sits on the other end. Raju's side goes up into the air and stays there. Who is heavier: Raju or Mohan? How can Rani help Raju? See-Saw Science 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Since Mohan's side went down, Mohan is heavier than Raju.
• To balance the see-saw, Rani can sit on Raju's side. Their combined weight will bring Raju's side down and balance Mohan.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mohan identified as heavier 1 M
Rani sitting on Raju's side explained 1 M
Q8 Arrange these 4 objects from the LIGHTEST to the HEAVIEST: Leaf, School Bag, Feather, Bicycle. Ordering by Weight 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Arrangement from Lightest to Heaviest:
1. Feather (lightest)
2. Leaf
3. School Bag
4. Bicycle (heaviest).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct order from feather to bicycle 2 M
Q9 At a fruit stall, a vendor balances 1 big pineapple with 3 identical apples. Which is heavier: 1 pineapple or 1 apple? Everyday Comparison • Fruit Stall 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• 1 pineapple balances 3 apples.
• Therefore, 1 pineapple is much heavier than 1 single apple (it weighs 3 times as much as 1 apple).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Pineapple identified as heavier 1 M
Comparison with 3 apples stated 1 M
Q10 Why should young children not carry a school bag that is too heavy? Real-Life Carrying • School Bag Health 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Carrying an excessively heavy school bag strains a child's delicate spine, back muscles, and shoulders.
2. It can cause poor posture, tiredness, and back pain. Students should only carry books required for the day's timetable.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Spine / muscle strain explained 1 M
Health advice regarding timetable 1 M
Q11 Which is lighter: A wooden cooking spoon or a steel pressure cooker? Everyday Kitchen • Measuring Spoons 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The wooden cooking spoon is much lighter.
• A steel pressure cooker is made of thick metal and is far heavier.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Wooden cooking spoon correctly identified 1 M
Q12 A large pillow filled with cotton takes up more space than a small iron nail. But which one is heavier: the nail or the pillow? Volume vs Weight • Cotton vs Iron 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Although cotton is light, a large pillow contains several hundred grams of cotton.
• A single small iron nail weighs only a few grams.
• Therefore, the pillow is heavier than the small iron nail.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Pillow identified as heavier 1 M
Explanation distinguishing size and mass 1 M
Q13 When you let go of a gas-filled balloon, it flies up to the ceiling. Is the gas balloon heavier or lighter than the surrounding air? Observation Problem • Gas Balloon 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• The gas inside the balloon (helium) is lighter than the surrounding air.
• Because it is lighter, buoyant force pushes it upwards towards the ceiling.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Lighter than air identified 1 M
Upward movement explained 1 M
Q14 If Pan A has 2 mangoes and Pan B has 2 mangoes of the exact same size, what will happen to the balance beam? Two-Pan Balance Deduction 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Since both pans have identical objects of equal weight, neither pan goes down.
• The balance beam remains horizontal (perfectly balanced / level).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Horizontal / balanced state stated 1 M
Equal weight rationale provided 1 M
Q15 Can a 7-year-old child carry their own bicycle up 3 flights of stairs? Why or why not? Practical Application • Self Weight 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• No, a 7-year-old child should not try to carry a bicycle up stairs.
• Reason: A metal bicycle is too heavy, bulky, and difficult to grip safely for a small child, and could cause them to fall.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Negative response (No) 1 M
Weight and safety reason 1 M
Q16 A packet of salt weighs 1 kg. A bag of rice weighs 5 kg. How many packets of salt are needed to equal the weight of 1 bag of rice? Word Problem • Weight Comparison 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Weight of 1 rice bag = 5 kg
• Weight of 1 salt packet = 1 kg
• Number of packets needed = 5 ÷ 1 = 5 packets of salt.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Division 5 ÷ 1 shown 1 M
5 packets answer correct 1 M
Q17 Fill in the blanks with 'heavier' or 'lighter':
(a) A dry sponge is _______ than a wet sponge.
(b) An elephant is _______ than a deer. Concept Check • Fill in Blanks 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) A dry sponge is lighter than a wet sponge (water adds weight).
(b) An elephant is heavier than a deer.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) lighter 1 M
(b) heavier 1 M
Q18 What have you learned about measuring weight in Chapter 3? Summary Reflection 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Key Learnings:
1. Heavy things push a balance pan down, while lighter things rise.
2. Some materials change weight when wet (like cotton absorbing water or salt dissolving).
3. People and animals can only carry loads suitable for their body strength.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Balance scale rule 1 M
Wet material property 1 M
Appropriate load capacity 1 M
Q19 Why did the donkey intentionally tumble into the stream with the heavy salt sacks, and what happened when his master loaded cotton sacks the next day? Textbook Story • The Clever Donkey 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. Salt dissolves in water, so the salt sacks became very light after falling into the stream.
2. When cotton fell into the stream, it soaked up water and became twice as heavy, teaching the lazy donkey a lesson.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Salt dissolved/became light 1.5 M
Cotton soaked water/became heavier 1.5 M
Q20 On a playground seesaw, an elephant sits on one side and a monkey sits on the other. Which side will go down to the ground, and why? Textbook Activity • Seesaw Balance 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The elephant's side will go down to the ground because an elephant is much heavier than a monkey.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Elephant side goes down 1 M
Heavier weight explained 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

The Clever Donkey's River Trick

Real-World Context: Sandesh has a donkey that carries sacks of salt to market. One day while crossing a river, the donkey slipped and fell into the water. When it got up, the sack felt very light! The next day, the sly donkey intentionally sat in the river. But on the third day, Sandesh put sacks of cotton cloth instead of salt on its back.

Analytical Task: Why did the sack feel light when filled with salt? What happened to the cotton sack when the donkey sat in the river?

1. The salt sack felt light because salt dissolves in water and washed away into the river.
2. When the donkey sat in the river with the cotton sack, the cotton absorbed lots of water, making the sack extremely heavy and teaching the donkey a lesson!
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1.5 M for salt dissolving explanation + 1.5 M for cotton absorbing water explanation
4
Unit 4: Place Value & Grouping • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 4: Counting in Tens

Chickens and Fox, Garlands of 10, Packets of Pencils and Bindis

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Counting large collections efficiently by grouping into tens and loose units (ones).
  • Tikloo farmer's chickens: counting baskets of 10 chickens and finding how many the fox ate.
  • Malti's flower garlands: making garlands of 10 flowers each and finding total flowers.
  • Kanak's bindi collection: counting sheets of 10 bindis in artistic patterns (3+2+5, 4+3+3).
10 Pencils10 Pencils2 Packets of 10 (20) + 4 Loose = 24 Pencils
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (20 Solved Questions)
Q1 Malti has to make flower garlands for a wedding. She strings 10 marigold flowers in each garland.
(a) In picture 1, there are 8 loose flowers and 5 garlands. How many flowers in all?
(b) In picture 2, there are 6 garlands and 7 loose flowers. How many flowers in all? Textbook Exercise • Garlands of 10 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
(a) 5 garlands of 10 = 50 flowers. Plus 8 loose flowers = 50 + 8 = 58 flowers.
(b) 6 garlands of 10 = 60 flowers. Plus 7 loose flowers = 60 + 7 = 67 flowers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 58 flowers calculated 1 M
(b) 67 flowers calculated 1 M
Q2 If you have 35 flowers, how many garlands of 10 flowers each can you make? How many flowers will be left loose? Textbook Exercise • Making Garlands 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• In 35, there are 3 tens and 5 ones.
• Number of garlands of 10 = 3 garlands.
• Loose flowers remaining = 5 flowers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
3 garlands of 10 identified 1 M
5 loose flowers remaining 1 M
Q3 Look at the pencil boxes. There are 6 packets of 10 pencils each, and 4 loose pencils outside.
(a) How many packets of 10 are there?
(b) How many pencils outside the packets?
(c) How many total pencils are there? Textbook Exercise • Packets of Pencils 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
(a) Number of packets of 10 = 6 packets.
(b) Pencils outside = 4 pencils.
(c) Total pencils = 60 + 4 = 64 pencils.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 6 packets 1 M
(b) 4 loose 1 M
(c) 64 total 1 M
Q4 Kanak loves collecting bindis. She has 7 packets of bindis. Each packet contains 10 bindis arranged in groups of 3 + 2 + 5.
(a) How many packets does Kanak have?
(b) How many bindis are there in all? Textbook Exercise • Kanak's Bindis 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) Kanak has 7 packets.
(b) Total bindis = 7 packets × 10 bindis = 70 bindis.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 7 packets identified 1 M
(b) 70 total bindis calculated 1 M
Q5 Draw or describe 10 bindis in a different pattern than 3 + 2 + 5. Give two different ways to group 10 bindis. Creative Arrangement • Bindi Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Groupings:
1. Way 1: 4 + 3 + 3 = 10 (4 bindis in top row, 3 in middle, 3 in bottom row).
2. Way 2: 5 + 5 = 10 (two equal rows of 5 bindis each).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
First grouping of 10 (e.g. 4+3+3) 1 M
Second grouping of 10 (e.g. 5+5) 1 M
Q6 Tikloo counted his chickens on Monday morning. He filled 3 baskets of 10 chickens and had 8 loose chickens. Write the total number in tens and ones format. Tikloo Farmer Morning Check 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Tens = 3 (30 chickens)
• Ones = 8 (8 chickens)
• Total chickens = 30 + 8 = 38 chickens.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tens and ones split: 3 tens + 8 ones 1 M
Total 38 chickens 1 M
Q7 Write the number formed by:
(a) 4 tens and 7 ones = _______
(b) 8 tens and 2 ones = _______
(c) 9 tens and 0 ones = _______ Place Value Drill • Number Building 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 4 tens (40) + 7 ones (7) = 47
(b) 8 tens (80) + 2 ones (2) = 82
(c) 9 tens (90) + 0 ones (0) = 90
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 47 1 M
(b) 82 1 M
(c) 90 1 M
Q8 Break each number into Tens and Ones:
(a) 26 = ___ tens + ___ ones
(b) 73 = ___ tens + ___ ones
(c) 49 = ___ tens + ___ ones Decomposition Drill • Tens and Ones 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 26 = 2 tens + 6 ones
(b) 73 = 7 tens + 3 ones
(c) 49 = 4 tens + 9 ones
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 2 tens, 6 ones 1 M
(b) 7 tens, 3 ones 1 M
(c) 4 tens, 9 ones 1 M
Q9 A matchstick bundle contains 10 sticks. If Rohan makes 4 bundles and has 9 loose sticks, how many sticks does he have? How many more sticks does he need to make a 5th bundle? Counting Bundles • Matchsticks 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. 4 bundles of 10 = 40. Plus 9 loose = 40 + 9 = 49 sticks.
2. To make a bundle of 10, he needs: 10 - 9 = 1 more stick.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Total 49 sticks calculated 1 M
1 more stick needed for 5th bundle 1 M
Q10 A baker puts 10 laddoos in every box. A customer buys 5 boxes and 6 loose laddoos. How many laddoos did the customer buy in total? Word Problem • Sweet Box 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 5 boxes of 10 laddoos = 5 × 10 = 50 laddoos.
• 6 loose laddoos = 6 laddoos.
• Total laddoos = 50 + 6 = 56 laddoos.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
5 boxes = 50 laddoos shown 1 M
Total 56 laddoos calculated 1 M
Q11 Sita has 4 packets of 10 bindis. Geeta has 3 packets of 10 bindis and 8 loose bindis. Who has more bindis and by how many? Comparative Problem • Bindi Collection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Sita's bindis = 4 × 10 = 40 bindis.
• Geeta's bindis = (3 × 10) + 8 = 30 + 8 = 38 bindis.
• Since 40 > 38, Sita has more bindis.
• Difference = 40 - 38 = 2 bindis more.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Totals 40 and 38 calculated 1 M
Sita identified with difference 2 1 M
Q12 Fill in the missing numbers counting by tens: 10, 20, 30, ___, 50, ___, 70, ___, 90, 100. Tens Counting Skip Sequence 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
Adding 10 at each step:
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Missing numbers 40, 60, 80 filled correctly 3 M (1 M each)
Q13 A teacher has 82 crayons. How many full boxes of 10 crayons can she make? How many loose crayons will remain on her desk? Visual Problem • Crayon Packets 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• In 82, the tens digit is 8 and the ones digit is 2.
• She can make 8 full boxes of 10 crayons.
• 2 loose crayons will remain.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
8 full boxes identified 1 M
2 loose crayons identified 1 M
Q14 Dinesh wants to buy a toy car costing ₹50. How many 10-rupee coins must he give to the shopkeeper? Money Connection • 10-Rupee Coins 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Cost of toy car = ₹50.
• Value of 1 coin = ₹10.
• Number of ₹10 coins needed = 50 ÷ 10 = 5 coins.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
50 ÷ 10 shown 1 M
5 coins answer correct 1 M
Q15 Rahul has 72 jasmine flowers. He wants to make garlands of 10 flowers each. How many flowers does he need to add so that he can make 8 complete garlands? Flower Garland Word Problem 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Flowers needed for 8 complete garlands = 8 × 10 = 80 flowers.
• Flowers Rahul has = 72 flowers.
• Extra flowers needed = 80 - 72 = 8 more flowers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Target 80 flowers calculated 1 M
Difference 8 flowers calculated 1 M
Q16 State True or False:
(a) In the number 75, the digit 7 represents 7 ones.
(b) 10 packets of 10 bindis make 100 bindis. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) False. The digit 7 is in the tens place and represents 7 tens (70).
(b) True. 10 × 10 = 100.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) False with explanation 1 M
(b) True 1 M
Q17 Why is 10 considered a very special number in our numbering system? Chapter Reflection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Explanation:
• Our number system is based on groups of 10 (base-10 system).
• Whenever we reach 10 ones, they combine to form 1 ten. Whenever we reach 10 tens, they combine to form 1 hundred (100). This allows us to write any large number easily using place values.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Base-10 grouping explained 1 M
Transition from ones to tens to hundreds 1 M
Q18 Which is greater: 6 tens and 3 ones OR 3 tens and 6 ones? Explain by calculating both values. Quick Quiz Problem 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 6 tens and 3 ones = 60 + 3 = 63.
• 3 tens and 6 ones = 30 + 6 = 36.
• Since 63 > 36, 6 tens and 3 ones (63) is greater.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Values 63 and 36 calculated 1 M
63 identified as greater 1 M
Q19 Tiku farmer keeps 10 chickens in each bamboo basket. If she fills 5 baskets and 4 chickens are outside running on the grass, how many chickens are there in total? Textbook Story • Chickens and Clever Fox 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 5 baskets of 10 = 5 × 10 = 50 chickens.
• Chickens outside = 4.
• Total chickens = 50 + 4 = 54 chickens.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
5 tens = 50 1 M
Total = 54 chickens 1 M
Q20 Shalu has 7 packets of bindis. Each packet contains 10 bindis. How many bindis does Shalu have in all? Textbook Activity • Bindi Packets 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Number of packets = 7
• Bindis per packet = 10
• Total bindis = 7 × 10 = 70 bindis.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
7 × 10 multiplication 1 M
70 bindis total 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Tikloo Farmer and Clever Fox Problem

Real-World Context: Tikloo farmer has many chickens on his farm. A clever fox started stealing and eating chickens. Tikloo decided to put 10 chickens in each basket every morning. In the morning, there were 5 baskets of 10 chickens and 4 chickens outside. In the evening, there were 4 baskets of 10 chickens and 3 chickens outside.

Analytical Task: How many chickens were there in the morning? How many in the evening? How many chickens did the clever fox eat during the day?

1. Morning count: 5 baskets of 10 = 50, plus 4 outside = 50 + 4 = 54 chickens.
2. Evening count: 4 baskets of 10 = 40, plus 3 outside = 40 + 3 = 43 chickens.
3. Chickens eaten by fox: 54 - 43 = 11 chickens.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for morning count (54) + 1 M for evening count (43) + 1 M for difference eaten (11)
5
Unit 5: Patterns & Sequences • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 5: Patterns

Border Patterns, Tile Shapes, Number Patterns & Secret Messages

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Identifying repeating units in border patterns on dupattas, sarees, and iron grills.
  • Tessellation and tiling: shapes that tile a floor without leaving any gaps.
  • Number patterns: skip counting by 2s, 3s, 5s, 10s, and finding missing terms.
  • Decoding secret messages written with alternating letters and numbers.
Repeating Unit: Circle, Square, Circle, Square...
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (19 Solved Questions)
Q1 Look at the pattern on Bini and Ginni's mother's saree border: Leaf pointing UP, Leaf pointing DOWN, Leaf pointing UP, Leaf pointing DOWN... Draw or describe the next two leaves in this pattern. Textbook Exercise • Bindi & Leaf Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• The pattern alternates direction: UP, DOWN, UP, DOWN...
• The next leaf will point UP.
• The following leaf will point DOWN.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Next leaf points UP 1 M
Following leaf points DOWN 1 M
Q2 Bini and Ginni saw an iron window grill made of curved loop shapes. When they walked in the park, they saw the same grill turned sideways. Can a single pattern unit look different when rotated? Textbook Exercise • Iron Grill Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Yes, rotating a design changes its orientation from vertical to horizontal.
• The basic shape remains the same, but the overall design appears completely transformed when turned 90 degrees.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Affirmative answer (Yes) 1 M
Rotation effect on pattern explained 1 M
Q3 Why can square and rectangular tiles cover an entire bathroom floor without leaving any empty gaps? Textbook Exercise • Floor Tiling 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Squares and rectangles have straight edges and 90-degree square corners.
2. When placed edge-to-edge, they fit flush against each other, completely covering the flat surface without any gaps or overlaps (this is called tessellation).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Straight edges & corners fitting flush explained 1 M
No gaps or overlaps concept 1 M
Q4 Find the rule and fill in the missing numbers in the following patterns:
(a) 20, 30, 40, ___, ___, 70, 80
(b) 2, 4, 6, 8, ___, ___, 14 Textbook Exercise • Number Patterns (Skip Counting) 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) Rule: Adding 10 each time.
Missing numbers: 40 + 10 = 50, 50 + 10 = 60.
(b) Rule: Adding 2 each time.
Missing numbers: 8 + 2 = 10, 10 + 2 = 12.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 50, 60 with rule +10 1 M
(b) 10, 12 with rule +2 1 M
Q5 Fill in the missing numbers:
(a) 3, 6, 9, 12, ___, ___, 21
(b) 5, 10, 15, 20, ___, ___, 35 Textbook Exercise • Skip by Threes and Fives 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Rule: Skip counting by 3s.
12 + 3 = 15, 15 + 3 = 18.
(b) Rule: Skip counting by 5s.
20 + 5 = 25, 25 + 5 = 30.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 15, 18 1 M
(b) 25, 30 1 M
Q6 Shablu wrote a secret message to Jaggu by placing a number before each letter:
1G 2O 3O 4D 5M 6O 7R 8N 9I 10N 11G
Remove the numbers and decode the secret message. NCERT Secret Message • Letter Patterns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Decoding:
• Numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
• Letters: G - O - O - D - M - O - R - N - I - N - G.
• Secret Message: GOOD MORNING.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Pattern logic identified 1 M
Correct message 'GOOD MORNING' 1 M
Q7 Write the secret message 'I LOVE MATHS' using alternating numbers (1, 2, 3...). Textbook Creative • Secret Message Challenge 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
• 1I 2L 3O 4V 5E 6M 7A 8T 9H 10S (or 1I 2L 3O 4V 5E 6M 7A 8T 9H 10S).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct application of alternating numbers to message 2 M
Q8 Look at the pattern of numbers: 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100.
(a) Which of these end in 5, 7, or 9 (odd)?
(b) Which of these end in 6, 8, or 0 (even)? Odd and Even Number Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Classification:
(a) Odd numbers (ending in 5, 7, 9): 95, 97, 99.
(b) Even numbers (ending in 6, 8, 0): 96, 98, 100.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Odd numbers identified 1 M
Even numbers identified 1 M
Q9 Look at the growth pattern:
1 circle, then 2 circles, then 3 circles...
How many circles will be in the 5th step of this pattern? Geometric Growth Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Step 1 = 1 circle
• Step 2 = 2 circles
• Step 3 = 3 circles
• Step 4 = 4 circles
• Step 5 = 5 circles.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Growth rule identified (+1 circle per step) 1 M
Step 5 = 5 circles correct 1 M
Q10 Complete the alphabet pattern:
AA, BB, CC, DD, ___, ___, GG. Alphabet Sequence Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Solution:
The pattern doubles each successive English alphabet letter:
AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, FF, GG.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Missing pairs EE and FF filled correctly 2 M
Q11 Find the rule and fill in the blanks: 40, 38, 36, 34, ___, ___, 28. Backward Counting Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Rule: Subtracting 2 at each step (counting backward by 2s).
• 34 - 2 = 32
• 32 - 2 = 30
• Complete sequence: 40, 38, 36, 34, 32, 30, 28.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtracting 2 rule stated 1 M
Terms 32 and 30 filled correctly 1 M
Q12 Can circular plates be used as floor tiles to cover a kitchen floor without any spaces between them? Explain why or why not. Floor Tile Shape Analysis 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• No, circular shapes cannot tile a floor without gaps.
• Reason: Circles have curved rims. When round plates are placed together touching each other, curved empty spaces (gaps) are always left between them.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Negative answer (No) 1 M
Gaps between touching circles explained 1 M
Q13 Explain how Day and Night form a natural repeating pattern in our life. Day & Night Natural Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• The Sun rises to give Day, and sets to give Night, followed again by Sunrise and Day.
• This cycle repeats continuously every 24 hours without end, making it one of the most fundamental natural patterns on Earth.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Day and night cycle described 1 M
Repeating 24-hour nature explained 1 M
Q14 What is common among the units digits of the numbers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100? Pattern in Multiples of 10 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• In every multiple of 10, the digit in the units (ones) place is always 0.
• Only the tens digit increases by 1 each time.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identifies 0 in ones place 1 M
Identifies tens digit increasing by 1 1 M
Q15 A string of festival lights flashes in the sequence: Red, Blue, Green, Red, Blue, Green, Red... What colour will the 10th light bulb be? Colour Sequence Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Repeating unit = Red (1), Blue (2), Green (3) [Group of 3]
• 1st=Red, 2nd=Blue, 3rd=Green
• 4th=Red, 5th=Blue, 6th=Green
• 7th=Red, 8th=Blue, 9th=Green
• 10th light bulb = Red.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Group of 3 cycle identified 1 M
10th bulb = Red correct 1 M
Q16 Look at the pattern: ▲, ▼, ▲, ▼, ▲... What will be the 6th and 7th shapes in this pattern? Triangle Orientation Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th) = ▲ (Pointing UP)
• Even positions (2nd, 4th, 6th) = ▼ (Pointing DOWN)
• Therefore, the 6th shape is ▼ (Pointing DOWN), and the 7th shape is ▲ (Pointing UP).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6th shape: ▼ 1 M
7th shape: ▲ 1 M
Q17 What is a pattern in mathematics? Chapter Summary • Pattern Rules 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Definition & Summary:
• A pattern is an arrangement of lines, shapes, colours, or numbers that repeats or grows following a definite, predictable rule.
• By finding the rule, we can easily predict what comes next.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Arrangement with definite rule defined 1 M
Predictive nature of pattern explained 1 M
Q18 What comes next in the pattern: 10A, 20B, 30C, 40D, _____? Quick Quiz Problem 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Numbers increase by 10: 10, 20, 30, 40 -> 50.
• Letters follow the alphabet: A, B, C, D -> E.
• The next term is 50E.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Number part 50 1 M
Letter part E (combined: 50E) 1 M
Q19 Look at the iron grill on the boundary wall. It repeats: Up Arrow, Down Arrow, Up Arrow, Down Arrow. Draw and state the next two arrows in the sequence. Textbook Exercise • Window Grill Pattern 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The repeating pattern is alternating up and down.
• The next two shapes are: Up Arrow (↑) and Down Arrow (↓).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Identification of alternating rule 1 M
Next two arrows: ↑, ↓ 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

School Cleanliness Day Teams (Tens & Ones)

Real-World Context: Students in a school are forming teams of 10 for Clean School Day. Class 1 has 53 students, Class 2 has 42 students, and Class 3 has 35 students.

Analytical Task: How many teams of 10 can be made from Class 2? How many students will be left over? If leftover students from all three classes join together, how many additional teams of 10 can they form?

1. For Class 2 (42 students): 4 teams of 10 can be formed, and 2 students are left over.
2. Leftovers from all 3 classes: Class 1 leaves 3, Class 2 leaves 2, Class 3 leaves 5. Total leftovers = 3 + 2 + 5 = 10 students.
3. These 10 students form exactly 1 more team of 10 with 0 students remaining.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for Class 2 teams & leftover + 1 M for total leftovers + 1 M for new team calculation
6
Unit 6: Geometry & Shapes • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 6: Footprints

Tracing 2D Outlines, Animal Footprints & Tarani's Shapes

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Bholu and animal footprints: matching footprints of elephant, dog, frog, and duck.
  • Tracing everyday objects (coins, bowls, bottle caps, erasers) to reveal 2D flat shapes.
  • Recognizing fundamental 2D shapes: Circle, Square, Rectangle, and Triangle.
  • Tarani's picture puzzle: counting the occurrences of each geometric shape.
CircleSquareRectangleTriangle
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (19 Solved Questions)
Q1 One morning, Bholu saw footprints of animals on the muddy village pathway. Whose footprint is the biggest: an elephant's footprint or a dog's footprint? Why? Textbook Exercise • Bholu's Footprints 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The elephant's footprint is the biggest.
• Reason: An elephant is a huge, heavy animal with massive round feet to support its weight, leaving a very large circular footprint in the mud.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Elephant footprint identified as biggest 1 M
Animal size and foot area explained 1 M
Q2 Match the animal to the shape of its footprint:
(a) Duck (b) Dog (c) Elephant
Footprint description: (1) Huge round impression (2) Webbed foot with 3 toes (3) Paw print with four toe pads and claw marks Textbook Exercise • Animal Footprint Matching 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Matching:
• (a) Duck: (2) Webbed foot with 3 toes.
• (b) Dog: (3) Paw print with four toe pads and claw marks.
• (c) Elephant: (1) Huge round impression.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Duck correctly matched 1 M
Dog correctly matched 1 M
Elephant correctly matched 1 M
Q3 When you place a 1-rupee coin on paper and trace along its edge with a pencil, what 2D shape do you get? Textbook Exercise • Tracing Outlines 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• When you trace around the outer edge of a coin, you get a Circle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Circle identified correctly 1 M
Q4 If you trace different faces of a matchbox on paper, what shapes do you get? Are all the faces square or rectangular? Textbook Exercise • Tracing a Matchbox 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• All faces of a standard matchbox are Rectangles (some longer, some narrower).
• None of the faces are square.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rectangle identified 1 M
Absence of squares confirmed 1 M
Q5 Can you name an object that gives two different shapes when traced from different sides? Textbook Exercise • Two Different Shapes from One Object 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• A glass tumbler or steel bowl:
1. Tracing the circular top rim gives a circle.
2. Placing it on its side and tracing the side profile gives a trapezium / rectangle outline.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Valid object named (e.g. glass tumbler/bowl/pencil sharpener) 1 M
Two distinct shapes described 1 M
Q6 What is the key difference between a square and a rectangle? Shape Properties • Square vs Rectangle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• In a square, all 4 sides are equal in length.
• In a rectangle, opposite sides are equal (it has a longer pair of lengths and a shorter pair of breadths).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 sides equal for square 1 M
Opposite sides equal for rectangle 1 M
Q7 How many sides and how many corners (vertices) does a triangle have? Give two real-world examples of triangular shapes. Shape Identification • Triangle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• A triangle has 3 straight sides and 3 corners.
• Examples: A slice of pizza, a samosa, a traffic yield sign, or the roof of a hut.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
3 sides and 3 corners stated 1 M
Two valid real-world examples 1 M
Q8 Does a circle have any straight sides or sharp corners? Name two things you wear that are circular. Shape Identification • Circle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• No, a circle has no straight sides and no corners; it is a single smooth closed curve.
• Circular things worn: Bangles, wrist watches (dial), finger rings.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
No corners / straight sides stated 1 M
Two wearable items named 1 M
Q9 In the NCERT activity, children dress up a classical dancer using shapes:
(a) Draw earrings using triangles.
(b) Draw a bindi using a circle.
(c) Draw bangles using circles.
Explain why bangles are always shaped like circles. Dress-Up Activity • Shapes for Dancer 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Bangles are circular because human wrists and hands are rounded.
• A circular ring slips smoothly over the hand onto the wrist without sharp corners hurting the skin.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Wrist anatomy connection 1 M
Smooth circular fit without corners explained 1 M
Q10 Look around your kitchen. What shape will you get if you trace around the base of:
(a) A spice container jar lid
(b) A rectangular sandwich biscuit Tracing Kitchen Utensils 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) A spice jar lid gives a Circle.
(b) A rectangular sandwich biscuit gives a Rectangle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) Circle 1 M
(b) Rectangle 1 M
Q11 Whose footprint will be smaller: a baby's footprint or your mother's footprint? Why? Footprint Investigation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The baby's footprint will be much smaller.
• A baby's feet are tiny because their body is still growing, whereas an adult mother has fully grown feet.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Baby's footprint identified as smaller 1 M
Growth reason provided 1 M
Q12 Can you draw a house using 1 triangle, 1 square, and 2 rectangles? Describe where each shape will go. Drawing with Shapes 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Description:
• Square: The main wall/room of the house.
• Triangle: The sloping roof placed on top of the square.
• Rectangle 1: The front door.
• Rectangle 2: A window or the chimney on the roof.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 shapes allocated logically 2 M
Q13 Is a football a circle or a sphere? Explain the difference to a Class 2 student. Flat Shapes vs Solid Objects 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• A football is a sphere (a 3D solid ball that you can hold in your hands).
• A circle is a flat 2D shape drawn on a flat sheet of paper (like drawing a round coin outline).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Football identified as sphere 1 M
Difference between 3D solid and 2D drawing explained 1 M
Q14 What happens when you place a fallen peepal or mango leaf under a sheet of paper and rub gently over it with a crayon? Leaf Tracing Activity 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• The crayon catches the raised veins and outer border of the leaf.
• A beautiful, detailed leaf print/rubbing showing the leaf's shape and vein pattern appears on the paper.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Leaf rubbing technique explained 1 M
Appearance of veins and border noted 1 M
Q15 How many corners are there in:
(a) A square
(b) A rectangle
(c) A circle
(d) A triangle Counting Corners (Vertices) 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Square: 4 corners
(b) Rectangle: 4 corners
(c) Circle: 0 corners
(d) Triangle: 3 corners
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 counts correct 2 M (0.5 M each)
Q16 I have 4 sides. All my 4 sides are exactly equal in length. I have 4 corners. What shape am I? Shape Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• You are a Square.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Square identified correctly 1 M
Q17 Take a square piece of origami craft paper. If you fold it diagonally from corner to opposite corner, what shape do you get? Hands-on Geometry 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Folding a square along its diagonal divides it cleanly into two equal halves.
• Each half is a Triangle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Triangle identified 1 M
Diagonal folding logic explained 1 M
Q18 What is the main lesson we learn from Chapter 6 'Footprints'? Chapter Summary 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
1. Every 3D physical object leaves a 2D flat footprint or trace when pressed or outlined.
2. By tracing everyday objects, we discover the four basic geometric shapes: circles, squares, rectangles, and triangles.
3. Complex pictures and living creatures can be represented using combinations of these shapes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
2D outline from 3D object concept 1 M
Four basic geometric shapes named 1 M
Composite drawings with shapes 1 M
Q19 Bholu came to the muddy river bank and saw animal footprints. Match the animal to its footprint shape:
(a) Elephant — (1) Small round paws with claw marks
(b) Duck — (2) Huge round circular pads
(c) Dog — (3) Webbed foot impressions Textbook Story • Bholu's Animal Tracks 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Matching:
• (a) Elephant — (2) Huge round circular pads
• (b) Duck — (3) Webbed foot impressions
• (c) Dog — (1) Small round paws with claw marks
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All three matched correctly 3 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Tarani's Geometric Robot Puzzle

Real-World Context: Tarani drew a friendly robot and garden scene using only four basic shapes: Circles for head and wheels, Squares for the body, Rectangles for arms and legs, and Triangles for party hats and tree tops. Her picture contains 12 circles, 5 squares, 8 rectangles, and 7 triangles.

Analytical Task: Which geometric shape was used the most by Tarani? Which shape was used the least? How many total geometric shapes did she draw altogether?

1. Most used shape: Circle (12 circles).
2. Least used shape: Square (5 squares).
3. Total shapes drawn: 12 + 5 + 8 + 7 = 32 shapes.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for circle (most) + 1 M for square (least) + 1 M for total sum (32)
7
Unit 7: Measurement of Capacity • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 7: Jugs and Mugs

Lemon Drink Stall, Measuring Liquid Volume, The Thirsty Crow

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Understanding liquid capacity (volume) using non-standard units (glasses, mugs, spoons, jugs).
  • Setting up a Lemon Drink (Nimbu Paani) stall: calculating ingredients for multiple glasses.
  • Comparing capacity of containers: which holds the most, which holds the least.
  • The Thirsty Crow experiment: water level rises when stones/pebbles are dropped in.
Glass (Small)Mug (Medium)Pitcher / Jug (Large)
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (19 Solved Questions)
Q1 To make 1 glass of lemon drink, you need 2 spoons of sugar. How many spoons of sugar are needed to make 5 glasses of lemon drink? Textbook Exercise • Nimbu Paani Ingredients 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Sugar for 1 glass = 2 spoons
• Sugar for 5 glasses = 5 × 2 = 10 spoons of sugar.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Multiplication 5 × 2 shown 1 M
10 spoons calculated correctly 1 M
Q2 Sunaina and Jaspreet brought different vessels from their kitchen: a cup, a glass, a small pot, and a jug. Which vessel holds the least water? Which vessel holds the most water? Textbook Exercise • Filling Containers 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The cup holds the least water.
• The jug (or large pot) holds the most water.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Cup identified as holding least 1 M
Jug/pot identified as holding most 1 M
Q3 Jaspreet found that 1 jug can be filled completely with 8 glasses of water. How many glasses of water are needed to fill 2 such jugs? Textbook Exercise • Glasses to Fill a Jug 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 1 jug = 8 glasses
• 2 jugs = 8 × 2 = 16 glasses of water.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Multiplication 8 × 2 shown 1 M
16 glasses correct 1 M
Q4 A small bowl takes 3 cups of water to fill. A soup bowl takes 5 cups of water to fill. Which bowl has greater capacity and by how many cups? Textbook Exercise • Capacity Comparison 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Small bowl = 3 cups
• Soup bowl = 5 cups
• Since 5 > 3, the soup bowl has greater capacity.
• Difference = 5 - 3 = 2 cups more.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Soup bowl identified 1 M
Difference of 2 cups calculated 1 M
Q5 Chirpy the crow was very thirsty. There was very little water in the pitcher at the bottom, and his beak could not reach it. Chirpy picked up pebbles one by one and dropped them into the pitcher. What happened to the water level? NCERT Story • Thirsty Crow Experiment 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• As pebbles sank to the bottom of the pitcher, they took up space (volume).
• This displaced the water and pushed the water level up until Chirpy could drink easily and fly away happily.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Pebbles taking up volume explained 1 M
Water level rising stated 1 M
Q6 Using an eye dropper, guess how many drops of water will fill a teaspoon. If it takes about 20 to 25 drops, will a tablespoon take more drops or fewer drops? Textbook Activity • Drops in a Spoon 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• A tablespoon is much bigger than a teaspoon.
• Therefore, it will take more drops (around 60 to 75 drops) to fill a tablespoon.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
More drops identified 1 M
Tablespoon size comparison explained 1 M
Q7 Rani's mother takes milk from Shyamu the milkman every day. Shyamu uses his metal mug 3 times to fill Rani's pot. One day, Rani brought a wide flat vessel, and the milk reached only halfway up. Did the milkman give less milk that day? Explain. NCERT Investigation • The Milkman Mystery 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• No, the milkman gave the exact same amount of milk (3 full mugs).
• Reason: The wide flat vessel has a broader bottom, so the same volume of milk spreads out sideways and appears lower in height. Liquid changes its shape to match the container without changing its quantity.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Affirmative confirmation: same milk given 1 M
Wider container bottom spreads liquid explained 1 M
Volume conservation concept 1 M
Q8 Arrange these 4 containers in order from LEAST capacity to GREATEST capacity: Bucket, Teaspoon, Water Bottle, Mug. Ordering Containers by Capacity 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Arrangement (Least to Greatest):
1. Teaspoon (holds smallest amount)
2. Mug
3. Water Bottle
4. Bucket (holds largest amount).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct order from teaspoon to bucket 2 M
Q9 Doctor uncle advises Rahul to drink 8 glasses of water every day. If Rahul drinks 2 glasses in the morning, 3 glasses in the afternoon, and 2 glasses in the evening, has he reached his goal? How many more glasses should he drink? Everyday Math • Drinking Water Goal 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Water drunk so far = 2 + 3 + 2 = 7 glasses.
• Daily target = 8 glasses.
• Rahul has not reached his goal yet. He needs to drink: 8 - 7 = 1 more glass.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sum of 7 glasses calculated 1 M
1 more glass needed correct 1 M
Q10 A leaking bathroom tap drips 1 cup of water every hour. How many cups of clean water are wasted in 6 hours? Practical Conservation • Water Waste 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Water wasted in 1 hour = 1 cup
• Water wasted in 6 hours = 6 × 1 = 6 cups of water.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Multiplication 6 × 1 shown 1 M
6 cups answer correct 1 M
Q11 Which unit would be more suitable to measure the water in an overhead water tank: mugs or buckets? Capacity Unit Sense 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• An overhead water tank holds hundreds of litres of water.
• Buckets are much more suitable than tiny mugs to measure such a large volume.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Buckets selected with reason 1 M
Q12 Arun's water bottle holds 4 glasses of water. Geeta's water bottle holds 6 glasses of water. If both pour their full bottles into an empty jug, how many glasses of water are in the jug? Comparative Problem • Water Bottle Capacity 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Arun's bottle = 4 glasses
• Geeta's bottle = 6 glasses
• Total water in jug = 4 + 6 = 10 glasses of water.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition 4 + 6 shown 1 M
10 glasses answer correct 1 M
Q13 A transparent glass is filled halfway with water. If you gently drop 5 glass marbles into the water, what happens to the water level? Hands-on Science • Marble Displacement 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The water level rises higher.
• The solid marbles take up space at the bottom and push the water upwards.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Water level rises stated 1 M
Displacement explanation 1 M
Q14 To cook 1 cup of rice, mother adds 2 cups of water. How many cups of water must she add to cook 3 cups of rice? Everyday Cooking • Rice Pot 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 1 cup rice = 2 cups water
• 3 cups rice = 3 × 2 = 6 cups of water.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
3 × 2 shown 1 M
6 cups of water correct 1 M
Q15 State True or False:
(a) A tea cup holds more liquid than a bucket.
(b) Pouring water from a tall thin bottle into a round bowl changes the total amount of water. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) False. A bucket holds much more liquid than a tiny tea cup.
(b) False. Pouring changes the shape of the liquid, but the total amount (volume) remains exactly the same.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) False with reason 1 M
(b) False with volume conservation reason 1 M
Q16 Taking a bath with 1 bucket of water uses about 15 litres. A 10-minute running shower uses about 60 litres. Which uses less water and helps save water? Bucket Bath vs Shower 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• A bucket bath uses only 15 litres compared to 60 litres for a shower.
• Taking a bucket bath saves 45 litres of clean water every time and is very environment-friendly.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Bucket bath identified as using less water 1 M
Water saving calculation (60 - 15 = 45 litres) 1 M
Q17 What does the word 'capacity' mean in simple words? Chapter Reflection 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Definition:
• Capacity is the maximum amount of liquid (like water, milk, or juice) that a container can hold inside it.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Clear simple definition of capacity 1 M
Q18 If 1 teapot fills 4 cups of tea, how many teapots are needed to serve 12 cups of tea to guests? Quick Math Problem 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 1 teapot = 4 cups
• Teapots needed for 12 cups = 12 ÷ 4 = 3 teapots.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Division 12 ÷ 4 shown 1 M
3 teapots calculated correctly 1 M
Q19 Sunaina uses 2 lemons and 4 spoons of sugar to make 1 big jug of sweet lemon drink. If she wants to make 3 jugs of lemon drink for the school fair, how many lemons and spoons of sugar will she need? Textbook Activity • Lemon Drink Stall 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Lemons needed = 3 × 2 = 6 lemons.
• Spoons of sugar needed = 3 × 4 = 12 spoons of sugar.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6 lemons 1 M
12 spoons of sugar 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

School Village Fair Nimbu Paani Stall

Real-World Context: Chaitra, Nazma, and Shabnam set up a Lemon Drink stall at the village fair. To make 1 glass of lemon drink, they need: half a lemon, 2 spoonfuls of sugar, and 1 pinch of salt. They sell small glasses for ₹5 and big glasses for ₹10.

Analytical Task: How many whole lemons are needed to make 6 glasses of lemon drink? If they sell 8 small glasses and 4 big glasses, how much total money do they earn?

1. 1 glass needs 1/2 lemon. For 6 glasses, they need: 6 × 1/2 = 3 whole lemons.
2. Money from small glasses: 8 × ₹5 = ₹40.
3. Money from big glasses: 4 × ₹10 = ₹40.
4. Total money earned = ₹40 + ₹40 = ₹80.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for lemons calculation (3) + 1 M for glass sales breakdown + 1 M for total earnings (₹80)
8
Unit 8: Place Value & Currency • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 8: Tens and Ones

Uncle's Shop, Notes and Coins, Ring Throw & Token Cards

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Decomposing money amounts into ₹10 currency notes and ₹1 coins.
  • Splitting 2-digit numbers into tens and ones (e.g. 19 = 10 + 9, 45 = 40 + 5).
  • Ring throw game: calculating total score using red dots (10 points) and green dots (1 point).
  • Token card representation: using square [10] and triangle [1] cards to count collections.
₹10 Note₹1₹1₹1₹10 + ₹3 = ₹13
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (19 Solved Questions)
Q1 How many 10-rupee notes and 1-rupee coins do you need to pay for:
(a) A doll costing ₹18
(b) A water bottle costing ₹43 Textbook Exercise • Money Breakdown 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) ₹18 = One ₹10 note and 8 one-rupee coins.
(b) ₹43 = Four ₹10 notes and 3 one-rupee coins.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 1 note of ₹10 + 8 coins of ₹1 1 M
(b) 4 notes of ₹10 + 3 coins of ₹1 1 M
Q2 Count the total money:
(a) 3 notes of ₹10 and 5 coins of ₹1 = ₹______
(b) 6 notes of ₹10 and 2 coins of ₹1 = ₹______ Textbook Exercise • How Much Money? 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) (3 × 10) + 5 = 30 + 5 = ₹35
(b) (6 × 10) + 2 = 60 + 2 = ₹62
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) ₹35 1 M
(b) ₹62 1 M
Q3 Break up the following numbers into tens and ones:
(a) 27 = 20 + 7
(b) 31 = ___ + ___
(c) 54 = ___ + ___
(d) 89 = ___ + ___ Textbook Exercise • Break-Up of Numbers 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(b) 31 = 30 + 1
(c) 54 = 50 + 4
(d) 89 = 80 + 9
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(b) 30 + 1 1 M
(c) 50 + 4 1 M
(d) 80 + 9 1 M
Q4 Karma and Gesar are playing a bangle throw game on a board with dots. Each RED dot counts for 10 points. Each GREEN dot counts for 1 point.
Karma's ring encircles 4 red dots and 4 green dots. What is Karma's total score? Textbook Exercise • Bangle Throw Game 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 4 red dots = 4 × 10 = 40 points
• 4 green dots = 4 × 1 = 4 points
• Karma's total score = 40 + 4 = 44 points.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Red dots = 40, Green dots = 4 shown 1 M
Total 44 points correct 1 M
Q5 In round 2 of the bangle throw game, Gesar's ring encircles 3 red dots and 6 green dots. Karma's ring encircles 2 red dots and 8 green dots. Who won round 2? Bangle Throw Game • Round 2 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Gesar's score = (3 × 10) + 6 = 30 + 6 = 36 points.
• Karma's score = (2 × 10) + 8 = 20 + 8 = 28 points.
• Since 36 > 28, Gesar won round 2.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Gesar 36, Karma 28 calculated 1 M
Gesar identified as winner 1 M
Q6 The Flute Man in the story uses cards to count the town's rats:
• A yellow square card [10] represents 10 rats.
• A blue triangle card [1] represents 1 rat.
Which cards will he use to show 23 rats? NCERT Flute Man • Rat Token Cards 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• In 23, there are 2 tens and 3 ones.
• Flute Man uses: Two [10] cards and three [1] cards.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Two [10] cards identified 1 M
Three [1] cards identified 1 M
Q7 What number of rats is shown by four [10] cards and seven [1] cards? Token Card Decoding 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 4 cards of [10] = 4 × 10 = 40
• 7 cards of [1] = 7 × 1 = 7
• Total number = 40 + 7 = 47 rats.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
40 + 7 shown 1 M
47 rats correct 1 M
Q8 Anita buys a samosa for ₹12 and a fruit juice for ₹15. How many 10-rupee notes and 1-rupee coins does she need to pay the total bill? Money Problem • School Canteen 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Total cost = 12 + 15 = ₹27.
2. In ₹27, tens = 2 and ones = 7.
3. She needs two ₹10 notes and 7 one-rupee coins.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Total bill ₹27 calculated 1 M
2 notes of ₹10 + 7 coins of ₹1 1 M
Q9 Add using tens and ones breakdown:
25 + 32 = (20 + 5) + (30 + 2) Tens and Ones Addition 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Add tens: 20 + 30 = 50
• Add ones: 5 + 2 = 7
• Total sum = 50 + 7 = 57.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tens sum (50) and ones sum (7) shown 1 M
Final sum 57 correct 1 M
Q10 A librarian has 76 storybooks. How many bundles of 10 books can he tie? How many loose books will remain? Word Problem • Library Books 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• In 76, tens = 7 and ones = 6.
• He can tie 7 bundles of 10 books.
• 6 loose books will remain.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
7 bundles of 10 1 M
6 loose books 1 M
Q11 If an item costs ₹30, what is the least number of 10-rupee notes you can use to pay without using any 1-rupee coins? Money Thinking • Exact Change 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 30 ÷ 10 = 3 notes of ₹10.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
3 notes of ₹10 identified 1 M
Q12 What number has 6 in the ones place and 4 in the tens place? Is it 64 or 46? Place Value Reversal 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Tens place = 4 (value = 40)
• Ones place = 6 (value = 6)
• Number = 40 + 6 = 46 (not 64).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tens and ones value written 1 M
46 correctly chosen 1 M
Q13 Can you break 19 into 10 + 9? Now write the break-up for: 11, 15, and 17. Mental Math • Quick Break 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
• 11 = 10 + 1
• 15 = 10 + 5
• 17 = 10 + 7
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
10 + 1 1 M
10 + 5 1 M
10 + 7 1 M
Q14 A student drew five [10] cards and two [1] cards. Then his friend gave him one more [10] card and three [1] cards. What is his new total number? Token Card Exercise 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Initial cards = (5 × 10) + 2 = 52
• Added cards = (1 × 10) + 3 = 13
• New total = 52 + 13 = 65.
(Alternatively: 5 tens + 1 ten = 6 tens; 2 ones + 3 ones = 5 ones -> 65).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Step-by-step tens and ones addition 1 M
Total 65 calculated correctly 1 M
Q15 Which represents more money: 5 notes of ₹10 OR 40 coins of ₹1? Explain by finding both amounts. Comparative Value Problem 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 5 notes of ₹10 = 5 × 10 = ₹50.
• 40 coins of ₹1 = 40 × 1 = ₹40.
• Since ₹50 > ₹40, 5 notes of ₹10 is more money (by ₹10).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Both amounts ₹50 and ₹40 calculated 1 M
5 notes of ₹10 identified as more 1 M
Q16 What does the 0 represent in the number 70? Zero in Tens & Ones 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• In 70, the 0 represents zero ones.
• It acts as a place-holder to show that there are exactly 7 full tens and no loose units remaining.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Zero ones explained 1 M
Place-holder concept explained 1 M
Q17 Why is breaking numbers into tens and ones useful when adding or shopping? Chapter Summary 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
1. Breaking into tens and ones simplifies mental calculation (we can add tens first, then ones).
2. In daily shopping, it directly matches real currency notes (₹10 notes) and coins (₹1 coins), making payment fast and error-free.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mental addition simplification 1 M
Currency notes connection 1 M
Q18 How many ₹10 notes make ₹100? Quick Quiz Problem 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• 100 ÷ 10 = 10 notes of ₹10.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
10 notes of ₹10 correct 1 M
Q19 In the bangle throw game, a red dot counts as 10 points and a green dot counts as 1 point. If Suraj's bangle encloses 3 red dots and 5 green dots, what is his total score? Textbook Game • Bangles on Dots 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 3 red dots = 3 × 10 = 30 points.
• 5 green dots = 5 × 1 = 5 points.
• Total score = 30 + 5 = 35 points.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
30 points from red dots 1 M
Total 35 points 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Stationery Uncle's Exact Change Rule

Real-World Context: Uncle runs a school bookshop. He tells children: 'I have only 10-rupee notes and 1-rupee coins. Give me exact money for your purchase.' Priya buys a notebook for ₹24, Aman buys a sketch pen set for ₹37, and Rohan buys a geometry box for ₹50.

Analytical Task: How many ₹10 notes and how many ₹1 coins must Priya give? How many ₹10 notes and ₹1 coins must Aman give? What must Rohan give?

1. Priya (₹24): Two ₹10 notes (₹20) and 4 one-rupee coins (₹4).
2. Aman (₹37): Three ₹10 notes (₹30) and 7 one-rupee coins (₹7).
3. Rohan (₹50): Five ₹10 notes (₹50) and 0 one-rupee coins.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for Priya (2 notes + 4 coins) + 1 M for Aman (3 notes + 7 coins) + 1 M for Rohan (5 notes + 0 coins)
9
Unit 9: Time & Calendar • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 9: My Funday

Days of the Week, School Timetable, Months & Seasons

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Sequencing the seven days of the week starting from Monday / Sunday.
  • Reading school timetables (games period, drawing period, library day).
  • Identifying yesterday, today, and tomorrow in daily routines.
  • Recognizing months of the year, seasonal weather (summer, monsoon, winter), and seasonal fruits.
MONTUEWEDTHUFRISATSUN (Fun)7 Days of the Week • Sunday is Funday!
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (19 Solved Questions)
Q1 Answer the following questions about the days of the week:
(a) Which is the third day of the week if we start with Monday?
(b) Which day comes just after Friday?
(c) Which day comes just before Wednesday? Textbook Exercise • Days Sequence 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 1st=Monday, 2nd=Tuesday, 3rd=Wednesday.
(b) The day just after Friday is Saturday.
(c) The day just before Wednesday is Tuesday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) Wednesday 1 M
(b) Saturday 1 M
(c) Tuesday 1 M
Q2 Why is Sunday called 'Funday' by children? Textbook Exercise • Funday Rhyme 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Sunday is the weekly school holiday.
• Children do not have to carry their school bags to school and can play games, visit parks, and spend joyful time with family and friends.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Weekly holiday identified 1 M
Play and family time explained 1 M
Q3 How many days are there in a week? Name all of them in order. Textbook Exercise • Days Count 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• There are 7 days in a week.
• In order: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Count: 7 days 1 M
All 7 days named correctly in order 1 M
Q4 If today is Tuesday:
(a) What was yesterday?
(b) What will tomorrow be?
(c) What day will it be day after tomorrow? Calendar Deduction • Today, Yesterday, Tomorrow 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Yesterday was Monday.
(b) Tomorrow will be Wednesday.
(c) Day after tomorrow will be Thursday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) Monday 1 M
(b) Wednesday 1 M
(c) Thursday 1 M
Q5 How many months are there in one year? Name the first and last months of the year. Textbook Exercise • Months of the Year 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• There are 12 months in one year.
• The first month is January.
• The last month is December.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
12 months stated 1 M
January and December named 1 M
Q6 Name two months that are very hot in India, and two months that are very cold. Seasons & Weather • Hot and Cold Months 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Very Hot Months (Summer): May and June.
• Very Cold Months (Winter): December and January.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Hot months: May, June 1 M
Cold months: December, January 1 M
Q7 Which delicious fruit is found in abundance during the hot summer months? Name one fruit commonly eaten in winter. Seasonal Fruits 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Summer fruit: Mango (or Watermelon).
• Winter fruit: Orange (or Apple/Guava).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Summer fruit (Mango/Watermelon) 1 M
Winter fruit (Orange/Guava) 1 M
Q8 In which months does it rain the most in most parts of India? What items do you carry to school on rainy days? Monsoon Season 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• It rains heavily during July and August (the Monsoon season).
• Children carry an umbrella or wear a raincoat and gumboots to stay dry.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
July and August identified 1 M
Umbrella / raincoat named 1 M
Q9 Which day comes 4 days after Sunday? Days After a Day 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 1 day after Sunday = Monday
• 2 days after Sunday = Tuesday
• 3 days after Sunday = Wednesday
• 4 days after Sunday = Thursday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Counting sequence shown 1 M
Thursday correct 1 M
Q10 In Neha's school, children have Music class on Monday and Wednesday, and Art class on Friday. How many total creative arts periods do they have in a week? School Timetable Analysis 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Music = 2 days (Mon, Wed)
• Art = 1 day (Fri)
• Total creative periods = 2 + 1 = 3 periods.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Breakdown shown 1 M
Total 3 periods correct 1 M
Q11 Which month comes immediately after August? Which month comes immediately before March? Month Order Sequence 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
• The month immediately after August is September.
• The month immediately before March is February.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
September 1 M
February 1 M
Q12 In which month do we celebrate:
(a) Republic Day (26th)
(b) Independence Day (15th) Special Days • Republic & Independence Day 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Republic Day is celebrated in January (26 January).
(b) Independence Day is celebrated in August (15 August).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) January 1 M
(b) August 1 M
Q13 If the 1st of a month is a Monday, what day of the week will the 8th of that month be? Explain. Weekly Repetition 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• A week repeats every 7 days.
• 1 + 7 = 8.
• Therefore, the 8th will also be a Monday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition 1 + 7 = 8 explained 1 M
Monday correct 1 M
Q14 Why do we wear light cotton clothes in May and woollen sweaters in December? Temperature & Clothes 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• In May, the weather is hot and sunny; light cotton clothes absorb sweat and keep our body cool.
• In December, the weather is cold; thick woollen sweaters trap body heat and keep us warm.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
May / cotton cooling explained 1 M
December / wool warmth explained 1 M
Q15 I am a day of the week. I start with the letter 'W'. I stand right in the middle of the school working week. Who am I? Days Riddle 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• You are Wednesday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Wednesday identified correctly 1 M
Q16 State True or False:
(a) A year has 365 days.
(b) Friday comes before Thursday. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True. A normal calendar year has 365 days.
(b) False. Friday comes AFTER Thursday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) True 1 M
(b) False with reason 1 M
Q17 Why is having a school timetable helpful for teachers and students? Chapter Reflection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
1. A timetable organizes the day so every subject gets adequate learning time.
2. It helps students pack only the required books in their school bag, keeping the bag light.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Organization of learning time 1 M
Packing required books / bag weight 1 M
Q18 How many weeks are there in one year approximately? Quick Quiz Problem 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• There are approximately 52 weeks in one year (52 × 7 = 364 days).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
52 weeks correct 1 M
Q19 In Class 2, children take turns to be the student-teacher: Monday is Vaibhav, Tuesday is Alpana, Wednesday is Gaurav. Who will be the teacher on Thursday and Friday? Textbook Activity • Teacher Role-Play Timetable 1.5 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Thursday comes after Wednesday, and Friday comes after Thursday.
• Next students in order will take turns on Thursday and Friday.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Correct succession of days 1.5 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Class 2 Weekly Activity Timetable

Real-World Context: In Class 2-B, children have Games period on Tuesday and Friday, Drawing on Wednesday and Saturday, and Library reading on Thursday. School is closed on Sunday.

Analytical Task: Which day comes between Tuesday and Thursday? On which two days do children play sports and games? If today is Thursday, what was yesterday and what will tomorrow be?

1. Wednesday comes between Tuesday and Thursday.
2. Children play games on Tuesday and Friday.
3. If today is Thursday: Yesterday was Wednesday, and Tomorrow will be Friday.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for Wednesday + 1 M for Tuesday & Friday + 1 M for yesterday & tomorrow
10
Unit 10: Mental Addition & Strategy • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 10: Add Our Points

Toss the Ball, Snake Number Strip, Coin Toss & Killer Lizard

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Mental addition of two and three single-digit and 2-digit numbers.
  • Using the snake number board (number strip) to count forward when adding points.
  • Tossing coins (Heads / Tails) and calculating running game scores.
  • The Killer Lizard puzzle: finding paths through numbered holes to eat insects.
1415161718192021Snake Board: 14 + 7 = 21 (Count 7 steps forward)
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (19 Solved Questions)
Q1 A player stands on number 14 on the snake strip board. He tosses the ball 7 times without dropping it. To add 7, he jumps 7 steps forward. On which number does he land? Textbook Exercise • Adding on Snake Strip 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Starting point = 14
• Steps forward = 7
• Landing number = 14 + 7 = 21.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
14 + 7 shown 1 M
Landing number 21 correct 1 M
Q2 Add the points mentally:
(a) Monkey: 12 + 8 = ___
(b) Deer: 15 + 13 = ___
(c) Fox: 23 + 9 = ___ Textbook Exercise • Animal Scores Addition 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 12 + 8 = 20
(b) 15 + 13 = (15 + 10 + 3) = 25 + 3 = 28
(c) 23 + 9 = (23 + 10 - 1) = 33 - 1 = 32
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 20 1 M
(b) 28 1 M
(c) 32 1 M
Q3 A lizard on a wall moves between numbered holes to eat insects. From hole 0, the lizard can only walk along straight lines. Which 3 holes can the lizard visit to eat exactly 12 insects if hole numbers are 3, 5, 4? Textbook Exercise • Killer Lizard Puzzle 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Check the sum of 3, 5, 4:
• 3 + 5 + 4 = 8 + 4 = 12.
• The lizard can walk through holes 3, 5, and 4 (in any order) to eat 12 insects.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sum 3 + 5 + 4 = 12 verified 1 M
Holes 3, 5, 4 identified 1 M
Q4 Find 3 holes whose numbers add up to 18 using digits from: 8, 5, 2, 1, 9, 7. Killer Lizard • Target 18 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Try 9 + 8 + 1: 9 + 8 = 17, 17 + 1 = 18.
• Alternatively: 9 + 7 + 2 = 18.
• Holes 9, 8, and 1 (or 9, 7, 2) add up to 18.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Valid 3-digit combination selected 1 M
Sum 18 verified 1 M
Q5 Two children play a game with a 1-rupee coin. If Heads comes, they score 10 points. If Tails comes, they score 1 point.
Suraj gets 3 Heads and 4 Tails. What is his total score? Textbook Game • Heads and Tails 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 3 Heads = 3 × 10 = 30 points
• 4 Tails = 4 × 1 = 4 points
• Suraj's total score = 30 + 4 = 34 points.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Heads (30) and Tails (4) calculated 1 M
Total 34 points correct 1 M
Q6 Add three numbers mentally:
(a) 6 + 5 + 4 = ___
(b) 7 + 8 + 3 = ___ Three Numbers Addition 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Mental Strategy:
(a) Make 10 first: (6 + 4) = 10; then 10 + 5 = 15.
(b) Make 10 first: (7 + 3) = 10; then 10 + 8 = 18.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 15 with make-10 strategy 1 M
(b) 18 with make-10 strategy 1 M
Q7 Look at number cards: [11], [25], [17], [32]. Pick two cards that give the largest sum. Pick two cards that give the smallest sum. Two at a Time • Card Sums 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Largest sum: Pick the two largest numbers: 32 + 25 = 57.
2. Smallest sum: Pick the two smallest numbers: 11 + 17 = 28.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Largest sum: 32 + 25 = 57 1 M
Smallest sum: 11 + 17 = 28 1 M
Q8 Team Red scored 46 runs. Team Blue scored 38 runs. How many more runs did Team Red score than Team Blue? Scoreboard Comparison 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Team Red = 46 runs
• Team Blue = 38 runs
• Difference = 46 - 38 = 8 runs more.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 46 - 38 shown 1 M
8 runs correct 1 M
Q9 Calculate mentally: 33 + 14.
Explain how you added without using paper and pencil. Double Digits Mental Addition 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Break 14 into 10 + 4.
2. First add 10 to 33: 33 + 10 = 43.
3. Then add the remaining 4: 43 + 4 = 47.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mental strategy (33 + 10 + 4) explained 1 M
Answer 47 correct 1 M
Q10 Fill in the missing numbers to make the equations true:
(a) 15 + ___ = 25
(b) ___ + 8 = 20 Missing Addend Drill 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) 25 - 15 = 10
(b) 20 - 8 = 12
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 10 1 M
(b) 12 1 M
Q11 Kavya throws 3 rings on a board. Her rings land on 20, 15, and 5. What is her total score? Dartboard Ring Score 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Add: 20 + 15 + 5
• Combine 15 + 5 = 20
• Then 20 + 20 = 40 points.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Grouping (15+5=20) shown 1 M
Total 40 points correct 1 M
Q12 A basket has 16 red apples and 18 green apples. How many apples are there in all? Word Problem • Fruit Basket 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Red apples = 16
• Green apples = 18
• Total = 16 + 18 = 16 + 14 + 4 = 30 + 4 = 34 apples.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
16 + 18 addition shown 1 M
34 apples correct 1 M
Q13 Arjun has 28 stamps. His grandfather gifts him 15 more stamps. How many stamps does Arjun have now? Word Problem • Stamp Album 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Initial stamps = 28
• Gifted stamps = 15
• Total stamps = 28 + 15 = 28 + 2 + 13 = 30 + 13 = 43 stamps.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
28 + 15 addition shown 1 M
43 stamps correct 1 M
Q14 What is an easy shortcut to add 9 to any number like 35? Fast Math • Add 9 Strategy 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Explanation:
• Since 9 is just 1 less than 10, first add 10, then subtract 1.
• For 35 + 9: 35 + 10 = 45; 45 - 1 = 44.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Add 10, subtract 1 shortcut explained 1 M
Example 35 + 9 = 44 shown 1 M
Q15 In a board game, Rohit scored 24 in round 1 and 19 in round 2. Sameer scored 21 in round 1 and 23 in round 2. Who won the match? Comparison Problem • Game Turns 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Rohit's total = 24 + 19 = 43 points.
• Sameer's total = 21 + 23 = 44 points.
• Since 44 > 43, Sameer won the match (by 1 point).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Totals 43 and 44 calculated 1 M
Sameer identified as winner 1 M
Q16 State True or False:
(a) 15 + 0 = 15.
(b) Changing the order of numbers changes the sum (e.g. 7 + 9 is different from 9 + 7). True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True. Adding zero to any number leaves it unchanged.
(b) False. In addition, changing the order gives the exact same sum (7 + 9 = 16 and 9 + 7 = 16).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) True 1 M
(b) False with commutative property explanation 1 M
Q17 Name two strategies that make adding numbers in your head quick and easy. Chapter Reflection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
1. Making 10s: Look for pairs that add up to 10 (like 7+3 or 6+4).
2. Breaking into Tens and Ones: Add tens first, then add the ones.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Making 10s strategy named 1 M
Breaking into tens and ones named 1 M
Q18 What is 25 + 25 + 25? Quick Quiz Problem 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• 25 + 25 = 50
• 50 + 25 = 75.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
75 correct 1 M
Q19 Animals in the forest played toss-the-ball. Rabbit scored 14 in the first turn and 7 in the second turn. Tortoise scored 11 in the first turn and 12 in the second turn. Who won the game? Textbook Game • Toss the Ball 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Rabbit's score = 14 + 7 = 21 points.
• Tortoise's score = 11 + 12 = 23 points.
• Since 23 > 21, the Tortoise won the game.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rabbit: 21 1 M
Tortoise: 23 1 M
Tortoise won 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Jungle Animals 'Toss the Ball' Championship

Real-World Context: Animals of the forest played 'Toss the Ball'. Each player had two turns. Bunu rabbit added their points on his snake strip board. Bear scored 16 + 7 points. Elephant scored 18 + 9 points. Tortoise scored 14 + 7 points. Bunu rabbit scored 19 + 15 points.

Analytical Task: Calculate the total points scored by each player. Who won the toss game, and who lost the game?

1. Bear: 16 + 7 = 23 points.
2. Elephant: 18 + 9 = 27 points.
3. Tortoise: 14 + 7 = 21 points.
4. Bunu Rabbit: 19 + 15 = 34 points.
5. Winner: Bunu Rabbit (34 points).
6. Loser: Tortoise (21 points).
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for all four sums + 1 M for identifying winner (Bunu) + 1 M for identifying loser (Tortoise)
11
Unit 11: Geometry & Lines • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 11: Lines and Lines

Standing, Slanting, Sleeping and Curved Lines

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Identifying standing lines (vertical), slanting lines (diagonal), and sleeping lines (horizontal).
  • Drawing lines using rulers, edge of notebooks, or freehand.
  • Recognizing curved lines in nature, pottery, and dance postures.
  • Constructing digital display clock numbers and letters using straight matchstick lines.
StandingSleepingSlantingCurved
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (19 Solved Questions)
Q1 Name the three kinds of straight lines we study in Chapter 11. Textbook Exercise • Three Types of Straight Lines 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
1. Standing lines (vertical lines)
2. Sleeping lines (horizontal lines)
3. Slanting lines (diagonal / sloping lines).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 3 types named correctly 2 M
Q2 In the NCERT lesson, Fatima draws lines with a ruler, Jashbir draws lines with the edge of his pencil box, and Raihana tries to draw lines freehand with her fingers. Whose lines will be the straightest? Textbook Exercise • Drawing Lines with Tools 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Fatima's lines (drawn with a straight ruler) and Jashbir's lines (drawn with a straight pencil box edge) will be perfectly straight.
• Freehand lines drawn without a straight edge tend to wobble.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Fatima and Jashbir identified 1 M
Straight edge support explained 1 M
Q3 Ekta says: 'My lines are not straight. They are curved!' How can you draw a curved line using a circular bowl or glass bangle? Textbook Exercise • Ekta's Curved Lines 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Place the circular bowl or bangle flat on paper.
• Trace along the round outer rim with your pencil.
• The resulting line will be a smooth curved line (or circle).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tracing along rim described 1 M
Curved line result identified 1 M
Q4 Look at the numbers on a digital clock (like 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Are these numbers made of straight lines or curved lines? How many straight lines make the number 7? Digital Numbers • Matchstick Display 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• In digital displays, all numbers are made entirely of straight lines (matchstick segments).
• The number 7 is made of 2 straight lines (1 sleeping line on top and 1 standing line going down).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Straight lines identified 1 M
2 lines for number 7 correct 1 M
Q5 Which of the following English capital letters are made using ONLY straight lines? (A) H (B) O (C) T (D) S (E) E Alphabet Analysis • Straight Line Letters 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• H: 2 standing lines + 1 sleeping line (Straight).
• O: Curved line.
• T: 1 sleeping line + 1 standing line (Straight).
• S: Curved line.
• E: 1 standing line + 3 sleeping lines (Straight).
• Letters with only straight lines: H, T, and E.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
H identified 1 M
T identified 1 M
E identified 1 M
Q6 Name two English capital letters that have ONLY curved lines, and two that have BOTH straight and curved lines. Alphabet Analysis • Curved Line Letters 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
1. Only curved lines: C and O (or S).
2. Both straight and curved lines: D (1 standing straight line + 1 curve) and B (1 standing straight line + 2 curves) or P.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Only curved: C, O 1 M
Both: D, B, P 1 M
Q7 In classical Indian dance (like Bharatanatyam or Odissi), how do dancers use straight and curved lines with their arms and legs? Dance & Body Postures 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Dancers stretch their arms straight out horizontally (sleeping lines) or lift them upright (standing lines).
• They bend their wrists, mudras (fingers), and torso into graceful sweeping curved lines.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Arms / legs straight line postures described 1 M
Wrists / body curved line postures described 1 M
Q8 When a traffic police officer directs cars at a road intersection, does he use straight arm lines or curved arm lines? Explain. Traffic Police Officer Signals 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• A traffic police officer uses sharp, clear straight lines (extending an arm horizontally as a sleeping line to stop traffic or raising an arm vertically as a standing line).
• Clear straight gestures are easily seen by drivers from far away.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Straight arm lines identified 1 M
Clear visibility reason explained 1 M
Q9 How many lines are used to write capital letter 'A'? What types of lines are they? Letter 'A' Breakdown 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Letter 'A' is made of 3 straight lines:
1. Two slanting lines (sloping inwards from bottom to top).
2. One sleeping line (across the middle).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
3 lines count correct 1 M
Two slanting + one sleeping identified 1 M
Q10 Look at a wooden ladder. What kind of lines form the two long sides? What kind of lines form the climbing rungs/steps? Everyday Objects • Ladder 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The two long sides are standing lines (or slanting lines when leaned against a wall).
• The climbing rungs/steps are sleeping lines (horizontal bars).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Sides: standing / slanting 1 M
Rungs: sleeping lines 1 M
Q11 What kind of straight lines do the parallel steel rails of a straight railway track represent? What about the wooden/concrete sleepers beneath them? Railway Track Lines 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The long steel rails running forward represent standing (or parallel straight) lines.
• The cross-sleepers laid beneath them represent sleeping lines.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Rails: standing / straight lines 1 M
Sleepers: sleeping lines 1 M
Q12 How many matchsticks are needed to make:
(a) A triangle
(b) A square Hands-on Matchstick Geometry 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) A triangle has 3 sides = 3 matchsticks.
(b) A square has 4 equal sides = 4 matchsticks.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 3 matchsticks 1 M
(b) 4 matchsticks 1 M
Q13 Is a rainbow made of straight lines or curved lines? How many colors does it have? Natural Curves • Rainbow 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• A rainbow is made of great curved lines (arcs across the sky).
• It has 7 beautiful colors (VIBGYOR).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Curved lines identified 1 M
7 colors stated 1 M
Q14 Can a sleeping line become a standing line? How? Line Orientation Challenge 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Yes, by rotating the object or paper by 90 degrees (a quarter turn).
• For example, a pencil lying flat (sleeping) becomes a standing line when picked up and held vertically upright.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Affirmative confirmation (Yes) 1 M
Rotation / holding upright explained 1 M
Q15 To draw a smiling face on paper, which type of line is used for the big round head? Which type for the smile? Drawing Exercise • Smiley Face 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The round head is drawn using a closed curved line (circle).
• The smile is drawn using an upward-curving curved line.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Head: closed curve / circle 1 M
Smile: upward curved line 1 M
Q16 State True or False:
(a) A ruler is used to draw curved lines.
(b) Letter 'M' is made using 4 straight lines. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) False. A ruler has straight edges and is used to draw straight lines, not curved lines.
(b) True. Letter 'M' consists of 2 standing lines and 2 slanting lines (4 straight lines).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) False with reason 1 M
(b) True 1 M
Q17 Summarize the different types of lines and their appearance. Chapter Summary 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
1. Standing line: Straight upright (|).
2. Sleeping line: Straight flat horizontal (—).
3. Slanting line: Straight sloping (/ or \).
4. Curved line: Smoothly rounded without corners (~ or arc).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
All 4 types clearly defined and described 2 M
Q18 How many straight lines are in capital letter 'X'? Quick Quiz Problem 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Letter 'X' has 2 slanting straight lines crossing each other in the middle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
2 slanting lines correct 1 M
Q19 Fatima drew a standing line, Jashbir drew a slanting line, and Rai drew a sleeping line. Draw symbols for each line and give one real-life example of a curved line. Textbook Activity • Straight and Curved Lines 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Standing line: Vertical (|) — e.g. Flagpole
• Slanting line: Diagonal (/) — e.g. Slide
• Sleeping line: Horizontal (—) — e.g. Bench
• Curved line: Arc (⌒) — e.g. Rainbow or rim of a plate.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Three straight line orientations 1.5 M
Curved line example 1.5 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Cricket Ground Stumps Investigation

Real-World Context: Fatima, Jashbir, and Raihana brought their cricket wickets to the school playground. Fatima fixed her stump straight upright in the ground. Jashbir leaned his stump against the boundary wall at an angle. Raihana laid her stump flat on the grass.

Analytical Task: Which type of line is represented by Fatima's stump? Which by Jashbir's stump? Which by Raihana's stump? Can a cricket ball be drawn using straight lines?

1. Fatima's stump: Standing line (vertical).
2. Jashbir's stump: Slanting line (diagonal).
3. Raihana's stump: Sleeping line (horizontal).
4. Cricket ball: No, a ball is round and must be drawn using a smooth curved line.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for standing line + 1 M for slanting and sleeping lines + 1 M for curved line explanation for ball
12
Unit 12: Operations (Addition & Subtraction) • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 12: Give and Take

Necklace of 10 Beads, Regrouping, Carrying & Borrowing

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Regrouping ones into tens when adding: 10 loose beads make 1 new necklace.
  • Regrouping tens into ones when subtracting: untying 1 necklace to get 10 loose beads.
  • Solving 2-digit addition with carry-over (e.g. 17 + 24 = 41).
  • Solving 2-digit subtraction with borrowing (e.g. 35 - 17 = 18).
  • Real-world canteen bills and money transactions.
1 Necklace of 10 + 2 Loose = 12 Beads10 Loose Beads = 1 Necklace (Regroup)
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (19 Solved Questions)
Q1 Razia has 12 beads (1 necklace and 2 loose). Sonu has 35 beads (3 necklaces and 5 loose). How many beads do they have altogether? Textbook Exercise • Bead Necklace Addition 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Tens (necklaces): 1 + 3 = 4 necklaces (40 beads)
• Ones (loose beads): 2 + 5 = 7 beads
• Total beads = 40 + 7 = 47 beads (4 necklaces and 7 loose beads).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Tens and ones addition shown 1 M
Total 47 beads correct 1 M
Q2 Aarif has 24 beads and Razia has 12 beads. How many beads do they have together? Textbook Exercise • Regrouping Loose Beads 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Add ones: 4 + 2 = 6 loose beads
• Add tens: 2 + 1 = 3 necklaces
• Total = 36 beads.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
24 + 12 step shown 1 M
36 beads correct 1 M
Q3 Reema has 17 beads and Aarif has 24 beads.
(a) How many loose beads are there in all?
(b) Can they make a new necklace from the loose beads?
(c) What is their total bead count? Textbook Exercise • Addition with Carrying Over 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) Loose beads: 7 + 4 = 11 loose beads.
(b) Yes, 10 of these 11 loose beads make 1 new necklace, leaving 1 loose bead.
(c) Necklaces: 1 (Reema) + 2 (Aarif) + 1 (new) = 4 necklaces.
Total beads = 40 + 1 = 41 beads.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Loose beads: 11 1 M
Regrouping 10 beads into 1 necklace 1 M
Total 41 beads 1 M
Q4 Aarif has 24 beads and Razia has 12 beads. How many more beads does Aarif have than Razia? Textbook Exercise • How Many More Beads? 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Aarif's beads = 24
• Razia's beads = 12
• Difference = 24 - 12 = 12 more beads.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 24 - 12 shown 1 M
12 beads correct 1 M
Q5 Simar has 31 beads (3 necklaces and 1 loose bead). She gives 17 beads to Reema. How many beads are left with Simar? Textbook Exercise • Subtraction with Borrowing 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Simar has 1 loose bead and needs to give 7 loose beads. She cannot give 7 from 1.
2. She unties 1 necklace (10 beads). Now she has 2 necklaces and (10 + 1) = 11 loose beads.
3. Subtract loose beads: 11 - 7 = 4 loose beads.
4. Subtract necklaces: 2 - 1 = 1 necklace.
5. Beads remaining = 10 + 4 = 14 beads.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Untying 1 necklace into 10 beads explained 1 M
Loose subtraction 11 - 7 = 4 1 M
Final answer 14 beads correct 1 M
Q6 At the school snack bar, Dosa costs ₹23 and Uttpam costs ₹28. If Aman orders both, what is his total bill? NCERT Story • Canteen Bill Problem 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Cost of Dosa = ₹23
• Cost of Uttpam = ₹28
• Total = 23 + 28 = 23 + 20 + 8 = 43 + 8 = ₹51.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
23 + 28 column addition shown 1 M
Total bill ₹51 correct 1 M
Q7 Aman's canteen bill is ₹51. He hands a ₹100 note to the cashier. How much change will he get back? Canteen Bill • Change Calculation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Money given = ₹100
• Bill amount = ₹51
• Change back = 100 - 51 = ₹49.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 100 - 51 shown 1 M
Change ₹49 correct 1 M
Q8 Solve by column addition with carry-over:
  4 7
+ 2 6
----- Practice Problem • Column Addition 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Ones column: 7 + 6 = 13 (Write 3 in ones place, carry 1 ten to tens column).
• Tens column: 4 + 2 + 1 (carried) = 7 tens.
• Answer = 73.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Carrying 1 ten shown 1 M
Sum 73 correct 1 M
Q9 Solve by column subtraction with borrowing:
  6 2
- 2 8
----- Practice Problem • Column Subtraction 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Ones column: 2 is smaller than 8. Borrow 1 ten from 6 tens (leaving 5 tens).
• 2 becomes 12. 12 - 8 = 4.
• Tens column: 5 - 2 = 3.
• Answer = 34.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Borrowing step shown (12 - 8) 1 M
Answer 34 correct 1 M
Q10 A gardener picked 38 ripe mangoes in the morning and 27 ripe mangoes in the afternoon. How many ripe mangoes did he pick in all? Word Problem • Mango Tree 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Morning mangoes = 38
• Afternoon mangoes = 27
• Total mangoes = 38 + 27 = 38 + 2 + 25 = 40 + 25 = 65 mangoes.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition 38 + 27 shown 1 M
Total 65 mangoes correct 1 M
Q11 A sports shop had 54 cricket balls. On Sunday, 29 cricket balls were sold. How many cricket balls were left in the shop? Word Problem • Cricket Bats 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Initial cricket balls = 54
• Balls sold = 29
• Remaining balls = 54 - 29 = 54 - 30 + 1 = 24 + 1 = 25 cricket balls.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 54 - 29 shown 1 M
25 balls left correct 1 M
Q12 How many necklaces of 10 beads can you make from 60 beads? Will any beads be left loose? Bead Necklace Thinking 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 60 ÷ 10 = 6 complete necklaces.
• There are 0 loose beads left.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
6 necklaces identified 1 M
0 loose beads confirmed 1 M
Q13 If 34 + 25 = 59, how can you check this using subtraction? Mental Check • Addition Check with Subtraction 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Subtract one addend from the total sum:
• 59 - 25 = 34 (or 59 - 34 = 25).
• Since the difference equals the other number, the addition is confirmed correct.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Inverse operation 59 - 25 = 34 shown 1 M
Verification rationale explained 1 M
Q14 What do we do when the sum of digits in the ones place is 10 or more? Regrouping Rule in Words 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• When the ones place sum is 10 or more, we regroup 10 ones into 1 ten.
• We write the remaining ones in the ones place and carry over the 1 ten to the tens place.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Regroup 10 ones into 1 ten explained 1 M
Carry over to tens place described 1 M
Q15 A bus starts with 36 passengers. At the next stop, 15 passengers get off and 8 new passengers get on. How many passengers are in the bus now? Word Problem • Bus Passengers 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. After 15 get off: 36 - 15 = 21 passengers.
2. After 8 get on: 21 + 8 = 29 passengers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 36 - 15 = 21 shown 1 M
Addition 21 + 8 = 29 correct 1 M
Q16 State True or False:
(a) 50 - 25 = 25.
(b) In subtraction, we can borrow 1 ten, which is equal to 10 ones. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True. 25 + 25 = 50, so 50 - 25 = 25.
(b) True. 1 ten always equals 10 ones.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) True 1 M
(b) True with place value explanation 1 M
Q17 Why is the chapter called 'Give and Take'? Chapter Reflection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
• 'Give' represents giving away items or subtracting.
• 'Take' represents receiving items or adding.
• Together, addition and subtraction model all give-and-take exchanges in daily life, shopping, and games.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Give = subtraction connection 1 M
Take = addition connection 1 M
Q18 What is 40 - 15? Quick Quiz Problem 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• 40 - 10 = 30
• 30 - 5 = 25.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
25 correct 1 M
Q19 Razia has 12 beads (1 necklace of 10 and 2 loose beads). Reema has 17 beads (1 necklace of 10 and 7 loose beads). How many necklaces and loose beads do they have together? Textbook Activity • Beads and Necklaces 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Loose beads together = 2 + 7 = 9 loose beads.
• Necklaces together = 1 + 1 = 2 necklaces (20 beads).
• Total beads = 29 beads (2 necklaces of ten and 9 loose beads).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Loose beads: 9 1 M
Total 29 beads / 2 necklaces 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Simar and Reema's Bead Necklace Project

Real-World Context: Children in the village craft bead necklaces. 1 necklace takes exactly 10 beads. Razia has 12 beads (1 necklace and 2 loose beads). Reema has 17 beads (1 necklace and 7 loose beads). Aarif has 24 beads (2 necklaces and 4 loose beads).

Analytical Task: How many total beads do Razia and Reema have together? When they put their loose beads together, do they get enough to make a new necklace?

1. Razia: 12 beads. Reema: 17 beads.
2. Combined beads: 12 + 17 = 29 beads.
3. Loose beads check: 2 loose + 7 loose = 9 loose beads. Since 9 < 10, they need 1 more bead to make a new necklace (so they have 2 necklaces and 9 loose beads).
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for total beads (29) + 1 M for loose beads analysis (9) + 1 M for new necklace condition explanation
13
Unit 13: Measurement of Length • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 13: The Longest Step

Footsteps, Handspans, Fingers, Cat & Mouse Distance Puzzle

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Measuring length and distance using body parts (fingers, handspan, pace/footsteps).
  • Comparing distances: who takes the longest step (deer vs rabbit vs elephant).
  • The Cat, Rat, and Milk Bowl puzzle: estimating who reaches the milk first.
  • Understanding why non-standard body measurements differ between a child and an adult.
RatMilkCat3 Fingers Away5 Fingers AwayRat is Closer to Milk than the Cat!
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (18 Solved Questions)
Q1 Three friends — an elephant, a deer, and a rabbit — walk in a park. Who takes the longest step? Who takes the shortest step? Textbook Exercise • Animal Steps 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• The elephant has huge long legs and takes the longest step.
• The rabbit hops with small bounds and takes the shortest step.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Elephant: longest step 1 M
Rabbit: shortest step 1 M
Q2 Rajat measures the classroom study desk using his handspan. His desk is 6 handspans long. His teacher measures the same desk and finds it is 4 handspans long. Why did the teacher get a smaller count? Textbook Exercise • Measuring with Handspans 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• The teacher is an adult, so her handspan is much bigger than Rajat's child handspan.
• Because the teacher's handspan is longer, fewer handspans are needed to cover the same length.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Teacher's handspan is larger explained 1 M
Fewer units needed for longer measure 1 M
Q3 How can you measure the distance between the classroom door and the teacher's blackboard without using a measuring tape? Textbook Exercise • Measuring with Steps (Paces) 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• You can measure it by walking normally and counting your footsteps (paces) heel-to-toe from the door to the blackboard.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Footsteps / paces method described 1 M
Counting from start to end point explained 1 M
Q4 Which body unit (fingers, handspan, or footsteps) is most suitable to measure:
(a) The thickness of your pencil
(b) The length of your school math book
(c) The length of your school playground Textbook Activity • Measuring School Items 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Thickness of a pencil: Fingers.
(b) Length of a math book: Handspan.
(c) Length of a playground: Footsteps (paces).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) Fingers 1 M
(b) Handspan 1 M
(c) Footsteps 1 M
Q5 Is your forehead longer than your palm? Measure with your fingers and compare. Body Proportion Investigation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Forehead height is usually about 3 to 4 fingers.
• Palm length is usually about 6 to 8 fingers.
• Therefore, the palm is longer than the forehead.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Finger measurement comparison 1 M
Palm identified as longer 1 M
Q6 Who will have a longer foot: you or your father? How can you verify this at home? Footprint Length Comparison 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Father's foot will be longer.
• You can verify this by standing side-by-side on paper and tracing your foot outlines, or placing your heel against your father's heel.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Father's foot identified 1 M
Heel-to-heel or tracing verification method 1 M
Q7 An eraser is 2 fingers long. A new wooden pencil is equal to 4 erasers placed end-to-end. How many fingers long is the pencil? Pencil Length Drill 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• 1 eraser = 2 fingers
• Pencil = 4 erasers = 4 × 2 = 8 fingers long.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Multiplication 4 × 2 shown 1 M
8 fingers correct 1 M
Q8 Priya has a red ribbon that is 5 handspans long. Sneha has a blue ribbon that is 7 handspans long (measured using Priya's hand). Whose ribbon is longer and by how many handspans? Ribbon Comparison 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Red ribbon = 5 handspans
• Blue ribbon = 7 handspans
• Since 7 > 5, the blue ribbon is longer.
• Difference = 7 - 5 = 2 handspans longer.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Blue ribbon identified 1 M
Difference of 2 handspans calculated 1 M
Q9 In the cat and mouse game, if the rat is 4 steps away from the cheese and the cat is 9 steps away, how many steps head start does the rat have? Cat & Mouse Puzzle Variation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Cat distance = 9 steps
• Rat distance = 4 steps
• Head start = 9 - 4 = 5 steps.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 9 - 4 shown 1 M
5 steps correct 1 M
Q10 Guess the distance between your nose and your ear in fingers. Check with your hand. Hands-on Activity • Nose to Ear 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The distance from the tip of the nose to the ear in a 7-year-old child is approximately 4 to 6 fingers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Reasonable estimate (4-6 fingers) 1 M
Q11 Why can carpenters and tailor uncles not use only handspans to make tables and shirts? Why Standard Units Matter 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Everyone's hands and bodies are different sizes.
• If a tailor used handspans, clothes would turn out too big or too small. They use a standard measuring tape (centimetres/metres) so measurements are exact for everyone.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Variation in body sizes explained 1 M
Need for standard measuring tape explained 1 M
Q12 Tarun walks across the verandah in 18 steps. His younger sister walks the same verandah in 26 steps. Who took more steps, and why? Walking Race • Steps Counting 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• The younger sister took more steps (26 steps vs 18 steps).
• Reason: Her legs are shorter, so each of her steps covers a smaller distance, requiring more steps to cross the verandah.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Younger sister identified 1 M
Shorter stride length reason provided 1 M
Q13 State True or False:
(a) A handspan is the distance between the tip of the thumb and the tip of the little finger when stretched open.
(b) An ant takes longer steps than a dog. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True. That is the exact anatomical definition of a handspan.
(b) False. An ant has tiny legs and takes microscopically small steps compared to a dog.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) True 1 M
(b) False with reason 1 M
Q14 What have you learned about measuring distances in Chapter 13? Chapter Reflection 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
1. Distances can be measured using natural units like fingers, handspans, and footsteps.
2. Larger objects take fewer measurement units; smaller units take more counts.
3. Because human body sizes vary, standard tools like rulers and measuring tapes ensure universal precision.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Non-standard units named 1 M
Inverse unit-count relationship 1 M
Need for standard units 1 M
Q15 Which is longer: 10 finger widths or 1 full handspan? Quick Quiz Problem 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• 1 full handspan is generally longer than 10 finger widths placed side-by-side.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
1 full handspan identified 1 M
Q16 An elephant, a deer, and a rabbit had a walking race across the clearing. Who took the longest step and who took the shortest step? Textbook Story • Step Race 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• The elephant took the longest step because of its massive legs.
• The rabbit took the shortest step among the three.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Elephant longest step 1 M
Rabbit shortest step 1 M
Q17 Rajat measures his study table using his handspan. It measures 8 handspans long. His father measures the same table and gets 5 handspans. Why are their counts different? Textbook Measurement • Handspan Desk Test 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• Handspan is a non-standard unit of length. Father's hand is larger and longer than Rajat's small hand, so fewer adult handspans are needed to cover the same length.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Handspan varies by person's size 1 M
Father's hand is bigger 1 M
Q18 Measure the distance between your nose and your chin using your fingers. How many fingers long is it? Textbook Activity • Finger Distance 1.5 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• For a Class 2 child, the distance between nose and chin is usually about 3 to 4 fingers long.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Realistic 3-4 fingers measure 1.5 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Cat and Mouse Distance Investigation

Real-World Context: In the NCERT picture, a bowl of fresh milk sits between a cat and a little mouse. A girl uses her fingers to measure distance on the page. From the rat's nose to the milk bowl is 3 fingers. From the cat's paw to the milk bowl is 5 fingers. The rat is 2 fingers away from its underground hole.

Analytical Task: Who is closer to the milk bowl: the cat or the rat? Will the rat reach the milk bowl or its safety hole first? What will happen if the cat runs twice as fast?

1. The rat is closer to the milk bowl (3 fingers vs 5 fingers for the cat).
2. The rat will reach its hole first because the hole is only 2 fingers away.
3. If the cat runs twice as fast, it covers distance rapidly, but the smart rat can quickly jump into its hole 2 fingers away and stay safe!
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for rat closer to milk + 1 M for hole distance comparison + 1 M for cat speed reasoning
14
Unit 14: Addition & Subtraction (Contextual) • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 14: Birds Come, Birds Go

Token Cards, Migratory Birds, Bus Passengers & Cricket Century

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Using token cards [10] (yellow square) and [1] (blue triangle) for mental operations.
  • Solving addition when new birds fly into a lake flock.
  • Solving subtraction when groups of birds fly away.
  • Cricket score calculation: finding how many runs needed to complete 100 runs (a century).
10101112 Tens + 3 Ones = 23 BirdsToken Card System for Rapid Regrouping
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (18 Solved Questions)
Q1 In the Flute Man counting method, draw or describe the token cards for 34 birds. (Square [10] = 10, Triangle [1] = 1). Textbook Exercise • Token Card Representation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• In 34, there are 3 tens and 4 ones.
• Flute Man uses: Three [10] cards and four [1] cards.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
3 cards of [10] identified 1 M
4 cards of [1] identified 1 M
Q2 There were 16 birds sitting on a tree branch. A flock of 25 more birds arrived. How many birds are there now? Textbook Exercise • New Birds Arriving 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Initial birds = 16 (1 ten and 6 ones)
• Arrived birds = 25 (2 tens and 5 ones)
• Add ones: 6 + 5 = 11 ones (Regroup 10 ones into 1 ten, leaving 1 one).
• Add tens: 1 + 2 + 1 = 4 tens.
• Total = 40 + 1 = 41 birds.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Ones addition and regrouping shown 1 M
Tens addition shown 1 M
Final sum 41 birds correct 1 M
Q3 There were 35 birds on a lake. In the evening, 17 birds flew away. How many birds were left? Textbook Exercise • Birds Flying Away 3 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Total birds = 35 (3 tens and 5 ones)
• Flew away = 17 (1 ten and 7 ones)
• 5 is smaller than 7, so borrow 1 ten (leaving 2 tens). 5 becomes 15 ones.
• Ones: 15 - 7 = 8.
• Tens: 2 - 1 = 1.
• Remaining birds = 18 birds.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Borrowing step shown (15 - 7 = 8) 1 M
Tens subtraction (2 - 1 = 1) 1 M
18 birds remaining correct 1 M
Q4 In a cricket match, Rahul is batting on 78 runs. How many more runs does he need to complete a century (100 runs)? Cricket Score • Century Calculation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Target = 100 runs (Century)
• Current score = 78 runs
• Runs needed = 100 - 78 = 100 - 70 - 8 = 30 - 8 = 22 runs.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
100 - 78 subtraction shown 1 M
22 runs correct 1 M
Q5 Rohit scored 46 runs. Did he complete a half-century (50 runs)? How many runs was he short by? Cricket Score • Half Century Check 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Half-century = 50 runs.
• Rohit's score = 46 runs.
• Since 46 < 50, he did not complete a half-century.
• Shortage = 50 - 46 = 4 runs short.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Negative confirmation (did not complete) 1 M
Shortage of 4 runs calculated 1 M
Q6 A bus had 48 passengers. At the red light, 19 passengers got down. How many passengers remained in the bus? Bus Passengers Word Problem 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Total passengers = 48
• Passengers got down = 19
• Remaining = 48 - 19 = 48 - 20 + 1 = 28 + 1 = 29 passengers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
48 - 19 shown 1 M
29 passengers correct 1 M
Q7 Solve using token cards: 28 + 14 = ___ tens + ___ ones. Token Card Addition 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 28 = 2 tens + 8 ones
• 14 = 1 ten + 4 ones
• Ones: 8 + 4 = 12 ones = 1 ten + 2 ones.
• Tens: 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 tens.
• Total = 4 tens + 2 ones = 42.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Regrouping step shown 1 M
Final answer 42 correct 1 M
Q8 A rose bush has 34 red roses and 29 yellow roses. How many roses are on the bush altogether? Word Problem • Garden Roses 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Red roses = 34
• Yellow roses = 29
• Total roses = 34 + 29 = 34 + 30 - 1 = 64 - 1 = 63 roses.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition 34 + 29 shown 1 M
63 roses correct 1 M
Q9 A school store has 72 pencils. If they distribute 38 pencils to Class 2 students, how many pencils are left in the store? Pencil Packets Word Problem 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Total pencils = 72
• Pencils distributed = 38
• Pencils left = 72 - 38 = 72 - 40 + 2 = 32 + 2 = 34 pencils.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 72 - 38 shown 1 M
34 pencils left correct 1 M
Q10 Subtract 19 from 53 using mental math. Explain your thought process. Mental Math • Near Tens Strategy 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• 19 is 1 less than 20.
• First subtract 20: 53 - 20 = 33.
• Since we subtracted 1 extra, add 1 back: 33 + 1 = 34.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Near-tens mental strategy explained 1 M
34 correct answer 1 M
Q11 Pooja spotted 27 pigeons and 19 parrots in the city garden. How many more pigeons did she see than parrots? Comparative Problem • Bird Watcher 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Pigeons = 27
• Parrots = 19
• Difference = 27 - 19 = 8 more pigeons.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 27 - 19 shown 1 M
8 pigeons difference correct 1 M
Q12 If you have five [10] cards and three [1] cards (53), and you cross out two [10] cards and eight [1] cards (28), what cards are left? Token Card Subtraction 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Need to take 8 ones from 3 ones: exchange one [10] card for ten [1] cards.
• Now you have four [10] cards and thirteen [1] cards.
• Remove eight [1] cards: 13 - 8 = five [1] cards left.
• Remove two [10] cards: 4 - 2 = two [10] cards left.
• Value remaining = (2 × 10) + 5 = 25.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Exchange of [10] card for ten [1] cards shown 1 M
Result 25 verified 1 M
Q13 State True or False:
(a) In cricket, 1 century = 100 runs.
(b) 60 - 25 = 45. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True. A century is exactly 100 runs.
(b) False. 60 - 25 = 35 (not 45).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) True 1 M
(b) False with 35 1 M
Q14 How does the story 'Birds Come, Birds Go' help us understand real-world math? Chapter Reflection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
• Real populations (like birds, passengers, or sports scores) constantly increase (birds arrive/add) and decrease (birds leave/subtract).
• Using token cards allows us to handle 2-digit regrouping visually before doing abstract paper arithmetic.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition and subtraction dynamics explained 1 M
Visual token card utility explained 1 M
Q15 What is 85 - 35? Quick Quiz Problem 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• 85 - 30 = 55
• 55 - 5 = 50.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
50 correct 1 M
Q16 There were 25 birds on a tree. In the morning, 16 more birds flew in. How many birds are there on the tree now? Solve using 10s and 1s tokens. Textbook Story • Tree Tokens 2.5 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• 25 = 2 tens + 5 ones.
• 16 = 1 ten + 6 ones.
• Add ones: 5 + 6 = 11 ones (1 ten + 1 one).
• Add tens: 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 tens.
• Total = 41 birds on the tree.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Token regrouping method 1 M
Final count: 41 birds 1.5 M
Q17 A school bus had 35 children. At the first stop, 12 children got down. How many children are still in the bus? Textbook Problem • Bus Passengers 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Initial children = 35
• Children who got down = 12
• Remaining children = 35 - 12 = 23 children.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 35 - 12 1 M
23 children remaining 1 M
Q18 Subtract 18 from 42 using expanded form. Mental Math • Regrouping Challenge 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• 42 = 30 + 12 (borrowing 10).
• 18 = 10 + 8.
• (12 - 8) + (30 - 10) = 4 + 20 = 24.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Borrowing/regrouping step 1 M
Answer: 24 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary Census

Real-World Context: During winter, migratory swans, cranes, and storks fly to the lake. In the morning, children count 25 swans and 18 cranes. By late afternoon, 12 swans fly away to feed in nearby fields, while 7 new cranes arrive.

Analytical Task: How many total birds were at the lake in the morning? How many swans remained after 12 flew away? How many cranes were there after 7 new ones arrived?

1. Morning total: 25 + 18 = 43 birds.
2. Remaining swans: 25 - 12 = 13 swans.
3. Cranes count: 18 + 7 = 25 cranes.
4. Late afternoon total: 13 swans + 25 cranes = 38 birds.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for morning total (43) + 1 M for remaining swans (13) + 1 M for updated cranes (25)
15
Unit 15: Data Handling • Class 2 Mathematics

Chapter 15: How Many Ponytails?

Counting Hairstyles, Shoe Colors, Drinking Water & Fruit Charts

Open Dedicated Chapter Page ↗
Chapter Highlights, Key Concepts & Visual Models
  • Collecting, organizing, and recording survey data from classmates.
  • Categorizing hairstyles (1 ponytail, 2 ponytails, short hair).
  • Reading tally tables and pictographs for favorite fruits and shoe colors.
  • Comparing data categories: identifying most, least, and finding differences.
82 Ponytails61 Ponytail14Short HairTotal = 28
📖 NCERT Textbook Exercise Solutions & Step-by-Step Working (16 Solved Questions)
Q1 Look at the children in a classroom. Count and record:
• Number of children with two ponytails = 8
• Number of children with one ponytail = 6
• Number of children with short hair = 14
Which hairstyle is the most common? Textbook Exercise • Hairstyle Count 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• Two ponytails = 8
• One ponytail = 6
• Short hair = 14
• Since 14 is the highest number, short hair is the most common hairstyle.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Short hair identified 1 M
Comparison of 14 > 8 > 6 explained 1 M
Q2 Look at the shoes worn by children in Class 2:
• Black shoes = 16 children
• Brown shoes = 9 children
• White sports shoes = 7 children
(a) Which colour shoe is worn by the most children?
(b) How many more children wear black shoes than brown shoes? Textbook Exercise • Shoe Colors Survey 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) Black shoes are worn by the most children (16).
(b) Difference = 16 - 9 = 7 more children.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) Black shoes 1 M
(b) Difference of 7 calculated 1 M
Q3 A survey asked children how many glasses of water they drink every day:
• 1 glass: 3 children
• 2 glasses: 6 children
• 3 glasses: 12 children
• 4 or more glasses: 9 children
(a) How many children drink 3 glasses of water?
(b) How many children drink less than 3 glasses of water? Textbook Exercise • Water Drinking Chart 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) Number of children drinking 3 glasses = 12 children.
(b) Less than 3 glasses = 1 glass (3) + 2 glasses (6) = 3 + 6 = 9 children.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) 12 children 1 M
(b) 9 children calculated 1 M
Q4 Children come to school by different means:
• By School Bus: 18
• By Bicycle: 7
• On Foot (Walking): 10
• By Auto-rickshaw: 5
(a) Which is the most popular way of coming to school?
(b) What is the total number of children surveyed? Textbook Table • Transportation Survey 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) The most popular way is School Bus (18 children).
(b) Total children = 18 + 7 + 10 + 5 = 25 + 15 = 40 children.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) School Bus identified 1 M
(b) Total 40 children calculated 1 M
Q5 In a fruit chart, each smiley face 🙂 represents 1 child. If Banana has 4 smileys and Mango has 7 smileys, how many children like Banana and how many like Mango? Pictograph Reading 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Calculation:
• Banana = 4 smileys × 1 = 4 children.
• Mango = 7 smileys × 1 = 7 children.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Banana: 4 children 1 M
Mango: 7 children 1 M
Q6 In a pet survey: 15 children have dogs, 9 have cats, and 4 have birds. How many more children have dogs than cats? Comparative Deduction 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Dogs = 15
• Cats = 9
• Difference = 15 - 9 = 6 more children.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Subtraction 15 - 9 shown 1 M
6 more children correct 1 M
Q7 What is the purpose of drawing tally marks or tick marks when counting items in a survey? Tally Marks Introduction 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
• Tally marks allow us to record data one by one as people answer, without needing to erase or rewrite numbers.
• They group counts into batches of 5, making final addition simple and error-free.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Quick recording without erasing explained 1 M
Batching of counts explained 1 M
Q8 In Class 2-A: 4 children were born in January, 2 in February, 5 in July, and 6 in November. In which of these months were the most children born? Birthday Month Survey 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• January = 4
• February = 2
• July = 5
• November = 6
• The most birthdays fall in November (6 children).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
November identified 1 M
Count 6 verified as highest 1 M
Q9 A survey of 25 children found: 10 like Vanilla, 8 like Chocolate, and the rest like Strawberry. How many children like Strawberry? Ice-Cream Flavor Comparison 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Solution:
• Vanilla + Chocolate = 10 + 8 = 18 children.
• Total children = 25.
• Strawberry lovers = 25 - 18 = 7 children.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
10 + 8 = 18 calculated 1 M
25 - 18 = 7 calculated 1 M
Q10 State one true fact and one question you can ask by looking at the Hairstyle data table (8 two ponytails, 6 one ponytail, 14 short hair). Table Data Interpretation 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Step-by-Step Answer:
• True Fact: More children have short hair than all ponytail styles combined (14 short hair vs 8 + 6 = 14 ponytail styles, making them equal).
• Question: How many girls in the class have two ponytails?
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Valid true fact from data 1 M
Valid analytical question 1 M
Q11 State True or False:
(a) A data table helps us see and compare information quickly.
(b) In a survey of 20 children, the total of all categories can add up to 50. True or False 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) True. Organizing data into tables makes comparison simple.
(b) False. If only 20 children are surveyed and each answers once, the sum of categories cannot exceed 20.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
(a) True 1 M
(b) False with survey logic explanation 1 M
Q12 What is 'data' and why do we collect it? Chapter Reflection 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Summary:
• Data is a collection of facts, numbers, or details about people, objects, or events.
• We collect data to answer real-life questions (like which fruit to buy for a party, or how many buses are needed for school).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Definition of data 1 M
Purpose of data collection explained 1 M
Q13 If 15 children like cricket and 9 like football, what is the total number of sports lovers? Quick Quiz Problem 1 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• 15 + 9 = 24 sports lovers.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
24 correct 1 M
Q14 In a class of 20 girls, 12 girls have 2 ponytails, 6 girls have 1 ponytail, and 2 girls have short open hair. Which ponytail style is most common in the class? Textbook Activity • Counting Hair Ponytails 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answer:
• 2 ponytails = 12 girls.
• 1 ponytail = 6 girls.
• Open hair = 2 girls.
• The 2 ponytails style is the most common (highest frequency).
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Comparison of numbers 1 M
2 ponytails most common 1 M
Q15 A survey of 15 children showed: 7 like Mango, 5 like Apple, and 3 like Banana.
(a) Which fruit is liked by the most children?
(b) How many more children like Mango than Banana? Textbook Data • Favorite Fruits Chart 2.5 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Answers:
(a) Mango is liked by the most children (7 children).
(b) Difference = 7 - 3 = 4 more children.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Mango most liked 1 M
Difference 7 - 3 = 4 1.5 M
Q16 Look at the tally of glasses of water drunk daily: Rohan drinks 8 glasses, Meera drinks 6 glasses, Aman drinks 7 glasses. How many total glasses of water do the three children drink in a day? Textbook Activity • Water Glasses Drank 2 Marks
✅ Step-by-Step Model Answer & Solution:
Calculation:
• Total glasses = 8 + 6 + 7 = 21 glasses of water.
CBSE Step-by-Step Marking Scheme
Addition 8 + 6 + 7 1 M
21 glasses total 1 M
🌟 NEP 2020 Competency-Based Case Study (CBQ)

Class 2 Favorite Fruit Survey

Real-World Context: The class teacher conducted a survey on children's favorite fruits: 12 children like Mango, 8 like Banana, 5 like Apple, and 7 like Orange.

Analytical Task: Which fruit is liked the most? Which fruit is liked the least? How many more children like Mango than Banana? How many children participated in the survey?

1. Most liked fruit: Mango (12 children).
2. Least liked fruit: Apple (5 children).
3. Difference (Mango vs Banana): 12 - 8 = 4 more children.
4. Total children: 12 + 8 + 5 + 7 = 32 children.
CBSE Assessment Rubric: 1 M for most & least liked + 1 M for difference (4) + 1 M for total participants (32)